kpdsgramerkelime800

ENGLISH OFFICE englishoffice.org

1) Sponsorship is being increasingly allowedin schools provided it is regarded as being------- with educational curricula.

A) considerateB) predictableC) decisiveD) compatibleE) provocative

2 ) As the new field worker will be w orking inclose ------- with several others, make sureyou select someone with agreeablepersonality.

A) uniformityB) suspicionC) collaborationD) discretionE) productivity

3 ) The discovery of a ------- cancer-causingchemical in foods like crisps, chips andcereals caused shockwaves around theworld when it hit the headlines earlier thisyear.A) completelyB) potentiallyC) constantlyD) radicallyE) remarkably

4 ) The study of the situation covers a greatdeal of relevant material, but does not tacklethe real issues ------ enough.

A) disturbinglyB) outrageouslyC) vaguelyD) adequatelyE) currently

5 ) The recent recovery in palm oil productionin Southeast Asia has lead to a / an -----decline in all vegetable oil prices.

A) denseB) tentativeC) clumsyD) abstractE) dramatic

6 ) At present, the rate of economic growth isvery satisfactory, but ------ when foreigncompetition makes itself felt, this will not bethe case.

A) enthusiasticallyB) eventuallyC) considerablyD) effectivelyE) preferably

7 ) Serbian ------ in Bosnia has been stronglycondemned by the civilised world, but littleserious action has been taken against it.

A) conductB) settlementC) investmentD) treatyE) compliment

8 ) In view of the severe economic recession,his appointment to this office was regardedas highly ------ .

A) refutableB) persuasiveC) compulsoryD) appropriateE) considerable

9 ) In a child, curiosity normally suggestsintelligence and is welcomed; but an ------adult is best avoided.

A) indefiniteB) indulgentC) indecisiveD) impartialE) inquisitive

10 ) I am not ------ that the proposal actually willlead to an improvement in the situat ion.

A) impressedB) deterredC) convincedD) refrainedE) intrusive

11) It is a society that is ------ to waging war onall forms of environmental pollution.

A) regardedB) preferredC) referredD) committedE) upheld

12 ) Many of the pictures sent from outer spaceare presently on ------ in the public library.

A) dutyB) displayC) accountD) exchangeE) reinforcement

13 ) Organizations are often said to be theatresin which people ------ roles in dramas, andpsychic prisons, or political arenas.

A) performB) allegeC) reinforceD) presumeE) betray

1


14 ) The objective of this project is to increasethe depth of awareness and understandingin the world about the causes andconsequences of the HIV epidemic through------ policies and programmes.

A) innovativeB) decadentC) meagreD) ambiguousE) poignant

15 ) Launched as the new regulatory authorityfor the country’s banking and financialsector, the National Financial ServicesManagement will extend its activities so as------ to cover more than 40% of the nationaleconomy.A) exceptionallyB) ultimatelyC) inherentlyD) fluentlyE) apparently

16 ) To the ------ of those who believe that thenew policy will help for the company to getover the long lasting recession, it proved tobe far worse than the previous one.

A) competitionB) optimismC) respectD) sanctionE) despair

17 ) In what is viewed as a major diplomatic ------by Türkiye, Syria agreed to Turkishdemands that it abandon its support forKurdish Workers' Party (PKK) guerrillas.

A) distinctionB) executionC) failureD) victoryE) pretension

18 ) Governments throughout the world ------ thatthe welfare of their people depends on theeconomic strength and wealth of thecommunity.

A) enlightenB) commenceC) assumeD) castigateE) accomplish

19 ) Many early peoples who had not yet learnedto catch fish, hunt game, or till the soil ------lived chiefly on roots, berries and nuts.

A) undoubtedlyB) inconsistentlyC) supremelyD) exceedinglyE) randomly

2 0 ) He devised an ------ scheme whereby the rateof unemployment in the country could bebrought down sharply.

A) irrelevantB) unstableC) ingeniousD) unfamedE) illegible

2 1) Due to the far-reaching research and thespeedy innovations during the past fewyears, the computer system we bought onlylast year is now ------, and therefore we haveto purchase a new one.

A) unmatchedB) obsoleteC) temporaryD) transitionalE) deceased

2 2 ) In the 19th century, the mechanization ofprinting ------ the means for meeting theincreased demand for books inindustrialized societies.

A) prevailedB) alludedC) providedD) achievedE) predicted

2 3 ) Although the Germanic tribes that forciblymigrated into southern and western Europein the 5th century were ------ converted toChristianity, they retained many of theircustoms and ways of life.A) extremelyB) likelyC) ultimatelyD) indispensablyE) favourably

2 4 ) She is the oldest person in the village, 92years to be precise, and has a ------ world ofadvice for everyone.

A) fancifulB) credibleC) faithfulD) futileE) kindly

2 5 ) Space research is largely a branch of purescience, independent of any applicationswhich ------ from it.

A) enforceB) reduceC) insureD) restoreE) stem

2


2 6 ) The most effective way to reduce th e 3 2 ) English is quite an easy language to ------ ;destructiveness of earthquakes is to designand construct buildings and otherstructures capable of ------- strong shaking.

A) withstandingB) upholdingC) embitteringD) suspendingE) swaying

2 7 ) When the author moved to Tucson, Arizona,in 1992, his ------ was retirement in a climateless harsh than his native, Chicago.

A) withdrawalB) prosperityC) rateD) goalE) avidity

2 8 ) It is a curious ------ that the moon exactlydoes cover the sun’s disk during a totaleclipse seen from the earth.

A) coincidenceB) opportunityC) convenienceD) resemblanceE) comparison

2 9 ) It now appears that while US leaders are stillwilling for the nation to exert itself abroadand give large amounts of foreignassistance, the American public is ------ togo along with these policies.A) spontaneousB) unsteadyC) reluctantD) competitiveE) deliberate

3 0 ) The range of measures permitting workersto reduce their working hours or to take acareer break is ------ broad in Belgium; mostmeasures are non-obligatory and are basedon incentives.A) relativelyB) unequivocallyC) respectivelyD) successivelyE) sarcastically

3 1) Microstructural features in metals ------affect what happens on a larger scale,particularly when systems are pushed totheir limits.

A) randomlyB) profoundlyC) cautiouslyD) thoughtfullyE) recklessly

nevertheless, several other languages,including Dutch and Latin, ------characteristics which make this far moredifficult.

A) practice / excludeB) exempt / undermineC) reproach / coverD) automate / containE) verify / appreciate

3 3 ) As he has persistently withstood all kinds ofpolitical coercion on this issue for so long, itis unlikely that he would ------ at this stage.

A) reinforceB) disposeC) competeD) graduateE) relent

3 4 ) There are many ways of ------ theincapacitated from buildings : by lift,carrying or putting people in temporaryrefuges to await rescue.

A) refutingB) exemptingC) evacuatingD) underminingE) confirming

3 5 ) The Civil War came as a climax to a longseries of quarrels between the North andSouth over the ------ of the United StatesConstitution.

A) occurrenceB) interpretationC) equivalenceD) referenceE) liability

3 6 ) Even allowing the inflation, the prices are------ more expensive than last year, and as aresult, I'm certain that almost no on e will beable to afford them.

A) slightlyB) scarcelyC) elaboratelyD) considerablyE) completely

3 7 ) Amongst the issues causing bridgeengineers much difficulty, the mostsignificant ones are those of ------ and repair.

A) maintenanceB) enhancementC) evaluationD) perceptionE) peculiarity

3


3 8 ) Until the introduction of the practiceprepared by DETR, there was ------ in theenvironmental monitoring of chemicalaccidents, with different methodo logiesproducing variable results.

A) acclimatisationB) expenditureC) redundancyD) precautionE) inconsistency

3 9 ) Since words alone may fail to convey an

4 4 ) As we approach the challenge of themillennium date change, more infor mationis emerging about the potential ------ andpitfalls that might face the country.

A) perilsB) guardsC) aidesD) comradesE) protections

4 5 ) According to the newspaper, the parliamentare working on a ------ that will abolish all

idea, teachers often ------ such visual aids aspictures, charts, and films.

A) facilitateB) employC) exhaustD) acquireE) amend

4 0 ) As both private industry and governmentdepartments tend to concentrate on ------results, there is steady shift of scientistsfrom pure to the applied field.

A) lawfulB) optionalC) partialD) immediateE) harmonious

4 1) Many members of the medical professionare of the opinion that laughter, a commonelement of everyday life, has ------therapeutic effects on the body.

A) hilariousB) ridiculousC) awkwardD) morbidE) valuable

4 2 ) The fact that safety belts save lives is both------ obvious and also supported byimpressive amount of evidence.

A) permanentlyB) purposefullyC) conclusivelyD) appropriatelyE) excessively

4 3 ) Founded to promote the art, science, andpractice of rehabilitation care for the peoplewith disabilities, the American Congress ofRehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) was ------called the American College of Radiologyand Psychology.A) originallyB) imaginativelyC) adequatelyD) obscurelyE) eventually

higher education entrance exams.

A) refusalB) proposalC) disposalD) hindranceE) horizon

4 6 ) One major aim of the new constitution is toprevent the ------ of power by any majority.

A) misuseB) compromiseC) completionD) issueE) existence

4 7 ) I thoroughly enjoyed the lecture; it wasn't------, but it wasn't too scholarly, either.

A) oversimplifiedB) underestimatedC) overemphaticD) underratedE) overdue

4 8 ) As far as we are concerned, the evidenceput before the court was not ------ enough toconvict the man.

A) subsequentB) conclusiveC) adamantD) earnestE) consecutive

4 9 ) His poetic output may not be large but,nevertheless, Ted Hughes is generallyregarded as one of the ------ poets of ourtime.

A) distinguishedB) excessiveC) prolificD) extensiveE) futile

4


5 0 ) Through the winter, the bank rates were 5 7 ) It was felt that the EU had ------ on areasonably steady, but they have started to------ again.

A) fluctuateB) exchangeC) improveD) inclineE) intensify

5 1) The criticism he made concerning theannual fiscal report was ------ to the point.

A) remarkablyB) immediatelyC) incessantlyD) preferablyE) incompetently

5 2 ) We will repeat the experiment twice in orderto ------ the results.

A) vanishB) spillC) verifyD) sneakE) pinch

5 3 ) Diplomatic relations between the twocountries, which were ------ during the war,have not yet been restored.

A) defeatedB) establishedC) severedD) determinedE) featured

5 4 ) People who are constantly in the public eyemust learn to remain ------ in the face ofcriticism.

A) composedB) resultantC) appreciatedD) outrageousE) restored

5 5 ) They raised no ------ to his prolonged leaveof absence since they didn't want to losehim altogether.

A) refutationB) refusalC) objectionD) refundE) compulsion

5 6 ) As the conditions of the expedition are likelyto be severe, you had better take necessary------ .

A) trialsB) precautionsC) effortsD) objectionsE) attempts

programme of economic change that themember states could not sustain.

A) surpassedB) relievedC) embarkedD) specifiedE) retired

5 8 ) To be a leader, it is not enough to behardworking and knowledgeable; one mustalso be able to inspire ------ .

A) denialB) restraintC) discretionD) confidenceE) reservation

5 9 ) The two major political parties in Britain arecurrently ------ to extreme and radicallydifferent approaches to the solution ofBritain's economic problems.

A) referredB) obsessedC) committedD) impliedE) meant

6 0 ) I have looked through the report, but I mustadmit, only ------ .

A) carefullyB) thoroughlyC) superficiallyD) seriouslyE) experimentally

6 1) The rise in energy ------ has led to areduction in the amount of fossil fuels thatthe world must use.

A) redundancyB) efficiencyC) consumptionD) suitabilityE) conformity

6 2 ) I believe that leaders must make an effort tostay open-minded and try to ------ anotherperson's point of view.

A) deploreB) recoverC) forecastD) insistE) appreciate

5


6 3 ) We must find some way to give them a fairlycomplete and realistic picture of thesituation, but without ------ them too much.

A) depressingB) intimidatingC) restrictingD) complementingE) embittering

6 4 ) Any child left to its own devices for too longis likely to ------ on some dangerousenterprise.

A) assertB) enticeC) embarkD) reproachE) reduce

6 5 ) Foot and mouth disease, also called aftosa,is a highly contagious viral disease affecting------ all cloven footed mammals, includingcattle, sheep, goats, and swine.

A) practicallyB) haphazardlyC) secretlyD) hardlyE) swiftly

6 6 ) Industry as a whole was badly affected bythe restrictions, but it was the hightechnology sector that suffered most ------ .

A) blatantlyB) randomlyC) reasonablyD) tightlyE) acutely

6 7 ) The stars visible at night are ------ distant,which is why they appear only as tiny pointsof light.

A) commonlyB) eventuallyC) immenselyD) intensivelyE) specially

6 8 ) Her parents spend their summers in thesouth, but their ------ residence, a luxuryapartment, is in Ğstanbul.

A) favourableB) traditionalC) previousD) permanentE) ordinary

6 9 ) One defect seems inherent in a purelyclassical education –namely, a too ------emphasis on the past.

A) recurrentB) repressiveC) coherentD) exclusiveE) deceptive

7 0 ) The Kodak Company now faces stiff ------both from abroad and from rival firms athome.

A) renovationB) competitionC) investmentD) commerceE) recession

7 1) Many people think of the United States as ayoung country, yet it has the oldest written------ among the major nations of the world.

A) involvementB) concessionC) propositionD) treatyE) constitution

7 2 ) A few people enjoyed the exhibition, but themajority were clearly ----- .

A) restrainedB) admirableC) impartialD) disappointedE) relieved

7 3 ) Thanks to various advances in modernmedicine, certain diseases that wereseemingly incurable now ------ treatment.

A) consist ofB) yield toC) interfere withD) stem fromE) result from

7 4 ) Although the partners seem to be in fullagreement on matters of management, thereis actually a ------ difference of opinionamong them.

A) smoothB) abundantC) flexibleD) vastE) relentless

6


7 5 ) Admittedly, the engineer's report was 8 2 ) The new ceramics, which have little inrelatively unimaginative, but it was, on thewhole, ------ .

A) accurateB) irrelevantC) vacantD) deceptiveE) wealthy

7 6 ) He has behaved ------ on many occasions, sothis instance of impoliteness is hardlysurprising.

A) shylyB) endearinglyC) sensitivelyD) readilyE) inconsiderately

7 7 ) At the meeting, even though he spoke well,he was unable to ------ the other members.

A) completeB) persuadeC) reinterpretD) agreeE) dispute

7 8 ) The United States has long prided itself onbeing a melting pot of culturally ------peoples.

A) diverseB) redundantC) incoherentD) entireE) substantial

7 9 ) It is ------ ten years since AIDS caught theworld's attention.

A) formidablyB) generouslyC) pertinentlyD) roughlyE) inevitably

8 0 ) As a result of the continuing economicrecession, a huge ------ in the budget seemsinevitable.

A) redundancyB) improvementC) profitD) distinctionE) deficit

8 1) When the rate of exchange began to riseagain, he felt ------ to call a meeting of thefinancial staff.

A) obligedB) blamedC) consumedD) omittedE) rewarded

common with the chinaware we use in ourkitchens everyday, are being used ------ inengines and electronics.

A) depressinglyB) seeminglyC) increasinglyD) discouraginglyE) obligingly

8 3 ) When they called Mr. Smith to head office, Iam quite sure it was not their ------ topromote him to branch manager.

A) avidityB) impressionC) predictionD) dispositionE) intention

8 4 ) Locke Hobbes and Rousseau wereconcerned in their writings with thequestion of a proper ------ between the publicgood and the right of individuals to exercisefree will.

A) balanceB) demonstrationC) responsibilityD) interestE) solidarity

8 5 ) If we are serious about suppressingterrorism, we shall have to ------ strongermeasures than those currently in practice.

A) requireB) reviseC) adoptD) abductE) suspend

8 6 ) I am horrified at the turn things have takenand am convinced that he is ------ of muchbetter treatment than that which he isreceiving.

A) rebuttingB) deservingC) defendingD) safeguardingE) indulging

8 7 ) When an unknown but gifted artist is finallyrecognized, his paintings can becomevaluable ------ in the future.

A) ratesB) accountsC) salesD) interestsE) assets

7


8 8 ) The journalists asked the Prime Minister somany questions that finally he felt itnecessary to ------ the statement.

A) proposeB) refrainC) clarifyD) undermineE) exempt

8 9 ) Geological activity in this region hasproduced a landscape that is at once ------and forbidding.

A) wastefulB) cautiousC) discreetD) susceptibleE) rugged

9 0 ) The medieval struggle between secular andreligious power came to a ------ in the 14thcentury with the rise of nationalism and theincreased prominence of lawyers, bothroyalist and canon.

A) influenceB) popularityC) climaxD) summitE) dedication

9 1) It is ------ surprising that the art of ancientAmerica remains the most myst erious andthe least accessible.

A) urgentlyB) vaguelyC) indifferentlyD) elaboratelyE) hardly

9 2 ) Bartok was influenced as much by themusical innovations of Debussy andStravinsky as by East European, ------Hungarian, folk music.

A) exceedinglyB) notablyC) appropriatelyD) vehementlyE) adequately

9 3 ) The argument he has put forward is hardly------ with the information we have so farreceived on the case.

A) reflectiveB) representativeC) arbitraryD) resistantE) compatible

9 4 ) If the situation in Somalia improves, asignificant part of the allied forces will be------ .

A) enclosedB) withdrawnC) encouragedD) recruitedE) sustained

9 5 ) More than 4,500 years ago, the -------Egyptians prepared the first paper from thefibrous stems of papyrus, a grass -like plant.

A) ancientB) outdatedC) fallaciousD) mysticalE) communal

9 6 ) Few, if any, of the statements made could be------ substantiated by concrete exper imentalevidence.

A) intentionallyB) successivelyC) restrictedlyD) impressivelyE) conclusively

9 7 ) The British entry into the EuropeanCommunity has ------ a new line of policy.

A) negotiatedB) confinedC) resentedD) constitutedE) refunded

9 8 ) Dependence by primitive humans on theirenvironment would not have permitted themto be ------ the effects of the surroundingworld on them.

A) intrigued byB) protected fromC) indifferent aboutD) surprised byE) knowledgeable about

9 9 ) When the world population ------ the 5-billionmilestone in 1987, the United Nationsestimated that it would not stabilize until therecord mark was doubled late in the 21stcentury.

A) surpassedB) defeatedC) remarkedD) concededE) generated

8


10 0 ) At the opening night of the new productionof Aida the guest soprano gave a superb, atruly ------ performance.

A) dazzlingB) decliningC) disappointingD) recallingE) degrading

10 1) The topics included in the conferenceprogramme are not as ------ as one mighthave hoped.

A) obsessedB) illuminatedC) preoccupiedD) variedE) disposed

10 2 ) Throughout most of human history,people's movements on land were ------ tothose speeds and distances that could beattained by walking.

A) affiliatedB) acquiredC) promotedD) restrictedE) inclined

10 3 ) The French physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet is------ with the earliest recorded observationof osmosis in 1748.

A) fortifiedB) creditedC) satisfiedD) competedE) detained

10 4 ) On the third day after the shipwreck, theygave up all hope of finding any ------ .

A) desertersB) conclusionsC) survivorsD) suppliersE) discrepancies

10 5 ) The allocation made by the budgetcommittee can be used ------ to finance workon child health.

A) plainlyB) excessivelyC) extremelyD) remarkablyE) solely

10 6 ) Since the firm has been found negligent bythe court, his claim for ------ for the accidenthas been accepted.

A) compensationB) reductionC) employmentD) relevanceE) cooperation

10 7 ) I don't approve of the methods he is using,but his ------ aim, as regards the project, isadmirable.

A) conclusiveB) ultimateC) controversialD) convenientE) deplorable

10 8 ) If he gets this ------, it will help him torecover his self-confidence.

A) accuracyB) exposureC) promotionD) activityE) procedure

10 9 ) In 1883, before the electron was discovered,the Swedish physicist and chemist SvanteAugust Arrhenius ------ the existence of ionsin solutions in order to explain electrolysis.

A) improvedB) reassessedC) awakenedD) allegedE) postulated

110 ) The testimony of the last witness ------ theaccused off all suspicion.

A) inducesB) removesC) clearsD) surmountsE) exposes

111) By all means, give all the medical details,but do ------ from giving any names.

A) relentB) excuseC) denyD) refrainE) respect

112 ) Mark's warm and humorous personality ------everyone at the conference.

A) enhancedB) frightenedC) confirmedD) captivatedE) disgusted

9


113 ) An election in which all members of a 119 ) Even when his reputation was in ------,political party are ------ to select candidatesis called a direct primary.

A) excludedB) separatedC) distinguishedD) entitledE) assessed

114 ) The most common type of government inthe 20th century, representative democracy------ in Western Europe, North and SouthAmerica, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, andJapan.A) prevailsB) reinforcesC) commitsD) enactsE) stabilizes

115 ) President Bush's special envoy, ZalmayKhalilzad, has stressed that any militarymovement or combat in Northern Iraqshould be under the overall ------ of the US-led coalition.A) supplyB) relianceC) priorityD) phaseE) command

116 ) Although balloons had been used formilitary purposes for some time, the ------use of the airplane as a weapon duringWorld War I was especially troubling.

A) prevalentB) equivalentC) indifferentD) resultantE) resistant

117 ) The mirrors used in Greco-Roman antiquityand throughout the European Middle Ageswere simply ------ convex disks of metal,either bronze, tin, or silver, that reflectedlight off their highly polished surfaces.

A) instantlyB) denselyC) slightlyD) utterlyE) steadily

118 ) The behaviour of light seems to hav einterested ancient philosophers, but without------ them to experiment.

A) disbandingB) discouragingC) damagingD) stimulatingE) frustrating

almost everyone was willing to admit that hehad genius.

A) retaliationB) eclipseC) ascendancyD) differentiationE) rebuttal

12 0 ) No one can say for sure how ------ theawards have been.

A) determinedB) effectiveC) reducibleD) effervescentE) inborn

12 1) On the foundry, liquid hydrogen must bestored in large stainless steel tanks withdouble walls filled with ------ and evacuatedto a high vacuum.

A) gritB) deviceC) insulationD) instrumentE) sediment

12 2 ) That is our firm's ------ that the new lawshould be implemented immediately.

A) proficiencyB) consensusC) struggleD) aggressionE) regulation

12 3 ) As she suffered from digestive troublesafter too much eating and drinking duringthe holiday, the doctor insisted on a strict------ .

A) dietB) plotC) dentD) rifeE) deck

12 4 ) One should never ------ in the disputes ofneighbours; the best policy is to keep out ofother people's affairs.

A) interactB) leaveC) interfereD) entailE) implicate

10


12 5 ) The theme of that play is quite complicated,but the actual ------ of the story is quitesimple.

A) summaryB) stageC) abbreviationD) surroundingE) frame

12 6 ) Physically speaking, the Pacific Basinincludes not only all those countriesbordering on the Pacific coast, but also thePacific island nations ------ across the ocean.A) adoptedB) basedC) graftedD) scatteredE) expanded

12 7 ) At the beginning of the 20th century, AlbertEinstein developed the theory of relativity,------ that Newtonian mechanics could not beapplied to bodies moving at speeds close tothe speed of light

A) alleviatingB) demonstratingC) admonishingD) regardingE) expanding

12 8 ) The ambitious staff of the language learningcentre have shown great ------ in performingtheir duties.

A) gaietyB) efficiencyC) vitalityD) outcomeE) consistency

12 9 ) In the operation of nuclear reactors, greatcare is exercised to protect personnel in thearea and to ------ instruments that aresensitive.

A) persistB) creepC) anticipateD) eliminateE) safeguard

13 0 ) When Newton arrived in Cambridge in 1661,the movement now known as the scientificrevolution was well advanced, and many ofthe works ------ to modern science hadappeared.

A) basicB) indulgentC) intrinsicD) braveE) strict

13 1) The field of statistical thermodynamicsprovides a deeper understanding of such------ as temperature, vapour pressure, anddiffusion.

A) resolutionsB) applicationsC) reductionsD) spectaclesE) phenomena

13 2 ) Today's social security system is ------popular, partly because it is universal andpartly because retirement benefits arerelated to contributions, so most people feelthe system is fair.

A) extremelyB) likelyC) eventuallyD) indispensablyE) favorably

13 3 ) Census taking was not a widespreadpractice before 1800, so it is impossible totrace the history of world urbanization withany ------ until the 19th century.

A) expansionB) observanceC) rejectionD) precisionE) capacity

13 4 ) It is a book rich in ideas and beauty, amaterial that ------ and tries to answer greatfundamental questions and demands themost active reading one is capable of.

A) raisesB) attainsC) castsD) alludesE) accomplishes

13 5 ) By the time the ------ child enters schooltoday, he has already spent more hourslearning about his world from TV than hewill spend in a classroom learning a collegedegree.

A) parsimoniousB) averageC) transitionalD) temporaryE) vulnerable

13 6 ) Judging from her recent speeches to thepublic, the Prime Minister seems to betrying to ------ the confidence of her people.

A) executeB) remunerateC) dispatchD) regainE) affect

11


13 7 ) In the 1990s and early 21 st century chemicalweapons became a growing ------ amongmany nations, as a result of which aninternational agreement called the ChemicalWeapons Convention came into force in1997.A) concernB) defectC) altitudeD) noticeE) feature

13 8 ) Many local authorities are ------ opposed tothe introduction of comprehensiveschooling despite the disadvantage ofhaving undereducated people.

A) bitterlyB) deliberatelyC) abruptlyD) conventionallyE) sardonically

13 9 ) Because he had researched the subject so------, he was able to answer all thequestions he was asked effortlessly.

A) permanentlyB) practicallyC) exhaustivelyD) unequivocallyE) genuinely

14 0 ) The authors tried to meet the ------,nevertheless, there were only twenty fourhours remaining and they knew that it wouldbe impossible to complete the novel.

A) deadlineB) circulationC) illiteracyD) entertainmentE) donation

14 1) Architectural pressure groups foughtunsatisfactorily to save a terrace of 18 th

century houses from ------ .A) constructionB) evolutionC) maturationD) enlargementE) demolition

14 2 ) A complete reconstruction of the origin anddevelopment of the atmosphere wouldinclude details of its size and composition atall times during the 4,500,000,000 yearssince the ------ of the Earth.

A) formationB) distributionC) hesitationD) redemptionE) occurrence

14 3 ) Some analysts ------ that a U.S.-led invasionof Iraq without Turkey would not onlysubstantially weaken administration claimsof international support but also do criticallong-term damage to relations with animportant NATO and Muslim-populated ally.A) maintainB) disapproveC) complimentD) finalizeE) validate

14 4 ) The government has recently made onemillion dollars ------ for research grantsconcerning the prediction of earthquake.

A) conditionB) availableC) suitableD) considerationE) vulnerable

14 5 ) The ozone layer may still act like aprotective blanket, but scientists continue toworry about the sun’s ------ lethal effects.

A) potentiallyB) equivalentlyC) indifferentlyD) approximatelyE) abruptly

14 6 ) They have had to agree to provide freelunches, but obviously they have done so------ .

A) faultlesslyB) preciselyC) exceedinglyD) reluctantlyE) extraordinarily

14 7 ) Unfortunately, few children behave in such a------ manner towards the elderly and infirm.

A) ridiculousB) considerateC) restrictedD) fragileE) progressive

14 8 ) The development of the experimentalmethod to verify theories had the ------ effectand there was a rapid increase in sci entificknowledge.

A) adverseB) reluctantC) appropriateD) erroneousE) partial

12


14 9 ) We will have to hire more workers soon; wecan’t put it off ------ .

A) plainlyB) supremelyC) emphaticallyD) intenselyE) indefinitely

15 0 ) When births outnumber deaths, thepopulation increases; when the ------ occurs,then it falls.

A) oppositeB) growthC) shareD) rateE) decrease

15 1) Industry is slowly realising that the mannerin which waste products are ------ of is ofvital importance to the environment.

A) forwardedB) exposedC) composedD) disposedE) restored

15 2 ) Discourse analysis is ------ labour intensiveand time consuming, transcription of audiotapes alone being a challenging task.

A) extremelyB) radicallyC) reluctantlyD) coherentlyE) incessantly

15 3 ) People from rural Asia, where breast andcolon cancers are rare, ------ get more likelyto contract those diseases after moving tothe United States.

A) widelyB) totallyC) graduallyD) extensivelyE) exceedingly

15 4 ) In 1990, the ------ of HIV infection in SouthAfrica and Thailand were both less than onepercent; however, today, Thailand's rate is2.15 percent; South Africa's i s 19.94percent.

A) measurementB) derivationC) establishmentD) extensionE) frequency

15 5 ) Champions of the green movement regardthe internal combustion machine as one ofthe biggest ------ in history.

A) disastersB) rejectionsC) admissionsD) denialsE) sensations

15 6 ) It shouldn't be forgotten that,notwithstanding the great prosperity of thepeople, Canada's initial political problemremains the relationship between herEnglish and French speaking ------ .

A) surroundingsB) combinationsC) circumstancesD) communitiesE) personalities

15 7 ) The general feeling in the court was thatseveral of the witnesses were ------information that could have a direct bearingupon the case.

A) expressingB) avoidingC) withholdingD) disruptingE) declining

15 8 ) The river Danube rises in Germany and ------through central Europe and into the BlackSea.

A) cruisesB) spreadsC) flowsD) conductsE) covers

15 9 ) Today, a wide spectrum of biologicalscientists are needed to develop thebiotechnology of the next millenium and toensure the ------ of life on our planet.

A) explanationB) processC) exhaustionD) durationE) conservation

16 0 ) The distinction between a languag e and adialect is a ------ difficult one.

A) preciselyB) notoriouslyC) compulsivelyD) suitablyE) flexibly

13


16 1) Prior to the first European settlement of 16 7 ) According to experts, many of theAustralia, the Aborigines numbered about300,000, whereas their ------ populace isestimated about 125,000 130,000.

A) versatileB) currentC) mutualD) rigidE) erratic

16 2 ) The move toward a press free of partisan------- started in France with the founding ofLa Presse in 1836 by Émile de Girardin.

A) sentimentB) emotionC) movementD) validityE) prosperity

16 3 ) I was ------ beyond words when I saw thepicture of a baby elephant in NationalGeographic magazine.

A) movedB) lostC) relievedD) struckE) alerted

16 4 ) Poor countries lack well -developed clusters;they compete in the world market withinexpensive labour and natural ------ .

A) resourcesB) requirementsC) intellectsD) distressesE) solicitations

16 5 ) While some smaller EU countries haveroughly halved their official gold reserves,the three with the largest holdings—Germany, France and Italy— havemaintained theirs ------ unchanged, as haveSpain and Portugal and also the UK.A) exhaustivelyB) fundamentallyC) indispensablyD) indubitablyE) virtually

16 6 ) Theories ------- the nature, origin, and extentof human knowledge make up the area ofphilosophy called epistemology

A) consistingB) submittingC) devisingD) respectingE) concerning

chemicals used in conventional wastetreatment ------ add to the pollution of thewater supply.

A) accuratelyB) daringlyC) actuallyD) consideratelyE) relevantly

16 8 ) If we are to ------ the essence of today's neweconomy, we must look at it from aperspective that reaches further back thanthe experiences of the past few years.

A) propoundB) compelC) advocateD) graspE) submit

16 9 ) Until the invention of printing, the publichad to be ------- with whatever information itwas given by official sources, or it had tomake do with hearsay and rumor.

A) dedicatedB) satisfiedC) thrilledD) amazedE) stunned

17 0 ) Until recently, psychiatrists ------ that theremust be a single reason for drinking alcoholand therefore looked first for differencesbetween those who drank and those whodid not.

A) distributedB) embellishedC) resolvedD) assumedE) discharged

17 1) The Carnegie Endow ment for InternationalPeace seeks an individual to launch aresearch project on the informationrevolution and its ------ on internationalaffairs.

A) impactB) involvementC) referenceD) linkageE) comparison

17 2 ) Unlike Europe’s stone castles andcathedrals, America’s historical buildingsare often wood-framed and so subject to------ from moisture and insects.

A) cautionB) deficiencyC) damageD) obsessionE) frustration

14


17 3 ) In earlier times, when human population 17 9 ) What really surprised everybody was that hesizes were small and modern technologywas developing, the effects of humanactivities on natural populations seldomseemed ------ .

A) persuasiveB) respectableC) arguableD) significantE) unfailing

17 4 ) Many of the critics clearly regarded severalof the paintings on ------ as of poor quality.

A) discoveryB) displayC) occasionD) approvalE) account

17 5 ) It was decided at the board meeting thatmore funds should be allocated to gettingthe firm’s products ------ more widely.

A) publicisedB) pricedC) curtailedD) expandedE) confirmed

17 6 ) The report issued by the National HealthCouncil draws attention to the hazards of------ to rays.

A) resistanceB) involvementC) confinementD) exposureE) implication

17 7 ) In every culture throughout recordedhistory, human beings have ------ powerfultales to help explain the inexplicable.

A) soughtB) departedC) sprungD) wovenE) revealed

17 8 ) There’s nothing very brilliant about thereport, but he has ------ collected all the dataneeded.

A) infectiouslyB) recklesslyC) considerablyD) restrictivelyE) conscientiously

saved the company from bankruptcy quite------ .

A) decidedlyB) relativelyC) scarcelyD) unhurriedlyE) competently

18 0 ) Russia has a fleet of 250 nuclearsubmarines, 170 of which are ------ out ofservice.

A) radicallyB) explicitlyC) indiscriminatelyD) currentlyE) conclusively

18 1) The first great theorist of dramatic art wasAristo, whose ------ of tragedy in “ThePoetics” has dominated critical thought eversince.

A) solutionB) referenceC) discussionD) recognitionE) allusion

18 2 ) Their state assets were ------ to foreigncapital at bargain prices.

A) availableB) unreliableC) recurrentD) constantE) ultimate

18 3 ) The whole of society may suffer if itsgovernment is attacked; ------- the entirebody is harmed if the brain is damaged.

A) otherwiseB) similarlyC) on the other handD) neverthelessE) however

18 4 ) Osteoclasts are cells that ------- bone in thenormal course of bone replenishment.

A) show offB) pull throughC) break downD) put outE) cut off

18 5 ) The findings indicate that there is a lower------- of cancer among vegetarians.

A) incidenceB) disturbanceC) declineD) reversalE) replacement

15


18 6 ) Scientists are ------- biotechnology to 19 2 ) Visibility depends ------- upon thedevelop highly effective drugs in the fightagainst currently incurable diseases.

A) invadingB) justifyingC) exertingD) retainingE) utilizing

18 7 ) ------ its focus on how language is used toachieve goals, discourse analysis may alsobe useful in exploring areas of persuasion,ideology, and conflict.

A) On account ofB) On behalf ofC) In connection withD) In addition toE) By dint of

18 8 ) The relationship between smoking and lungcancer has been heatedly discussed formany years, but until recently the evidenceabout it has been both ------- and conflicting.

A) exemplaryB) susceptibleC) compatibleD) fragmentaryE) confident

18 9 ) Medical science is advancing at such a pacethat it is virtually impossible to ------- all thelatest developments even within one's ownspecialist field.

A) take upB) keep up withC) carry outD) pull out ofE) look down on

19 0 ) Patients seeking to ------- scars have severaloptions, depending on the depth of the scar.

A) get rid ofB) sort outC) take backD) get along withE) fold over

19 1) Atoms are ------- of electrons and a nucleuscontaining protons and neutrons.

A) joinedB) linkedC) composedD) keptE) completed

concentration of water or dust particles inthe air.

A) rapidlyB) obstinatelyC) instantlyD) suitablyE) chiefly

19 3 ) This magazine is designed to help satelliteequipment buyers make more -------purchasing decisions and keep ahead ofnew developments.

A) representativeB) obscureC) foreseenD) informedE) indifferent

19 4 ) He was discharged from hospital but wasadvised to return after a month for further------- .

A) treatmentB) recoveryC) admissionD) diagnosisE) expansion

19 5 ) Science requires the testing of its ideas ortheories to see if its predictions are ------- byexperiment.

A) made upB) borne outC) closed inD) put offE) sorted out

19 6 ) Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 byBecquerel, who noticed that salts containinguranium ------- radiations.

A) got offB) held upC) sent offD) came up withE) turned away

19 7 ) In the past, too, people relied on plantsubstances to ------- a wide range ofillnesses

A) recoverB) undermineC) infectD) cureE) restrain

17


19 8 ) Some women are ------- troubled withbackache as they get older.

A) relevantlyB) consecutivelyC) continuallyD) sufficientlyE) reluctantly

19 9 ) A poorly-planned vegetarian diet will

2 0 5 ) The lawyer submitted to the court severaldocuments to --------- his point of view.

A) supportB) overcomeC) refrainD) improveE) alienate

2 0 6 ) The latest figures concerning the company'stypically be ------- in iron, zinc and calcium.

A) unhealthyB) deficientC) variedD) nutritiousE) essential

2 0 0 ) The subject of statics is ------- the calculationof the forces acting on and within structuresthat are in equilibrium.

A) taken care ofB) turned upC) kept offD) given rise toE) concerned with

2 0 1) I don't know how the nurse ------- theconstant demands of that elderly patient.

A) thinks overB) changes overC) turns onD) wakes upE) puts up with

2 0 2 ) As he has taken those antibiotics, it will bevery difficult to ------- just what the problemis.

A) turn upB) give upC) put downD) find outE) look up

2 0 3 ) The brain and spinal cord ------- the centralnervous system.

A) stand forB) turn downC) make upD) get onE) count on

2 0 4 ) Air pollution is obviously one of the major--------- of city life.

A) referencesB) disadvantagesC) attemptsD) definitionsE) expressions

sales are certainly very --------- .

A) determinedB) intensiveC) emphaticD) reluctantE) disturbing

2 0 7 ) On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know----- how many people will be attending theconference.

A) mostlyB) fortunatelyC) comparativelyD) preciselyE) immensely

2 0 8 ) From the evidence, it seems pretty obviousthat someone --------- the office sometimeduring the night.

A) found outB) took afterC) broke intoD) made outE) ran up

2 0 9 ) If it rains, the football match will be ---------until next week.

A) given outB) put offC) turned offD) run throughE) taken on

2 10 ) For the chemists of the 18 th and 19th

centuries, an understanding of the chemicalnature of food was a major ------- .

A) objectiveB) agreementC) submissionD) significanceE) estimation

2 11) The green button on the far left of themachine ------- the volume.A) interferesB) disclosesC) regulatesD) allowsE) arises

18


2 12 ) You should have attended that lecture ondurability testing of fibres; it really was most------- .

A) irrelevantB) stimulatingC) dullD) reluctantE) feasible

2 13 ) His forecast turned out to be ------- accurateconsidering how little information he had towork on.

A) latelyB) effortlesslyC) intentionallyD) surprisinglyE) heavily

2 14 ) The new engineer is highly knowledgeable,but can we ------- him to lead the teamsuccessfully?

A) run onB) put onC) make onD) take upE) rely on

2 15 ) Many of the lesser developed countries findit hard to ------- the more developed ones,due to the rapid advances in technologythere.

A) make up forB) keep up withC) look out forD) turn uponE) run through

2 16 ) Many experiments ------- blood compositionare carried out in this laboratory.

A) related toB) led fromC) followed throughD) contained inE) denied by

2 17 ) --------- obesity results basically from anexcess of calories, in some instances,genetic background may be a contributingfactor.

A) SinceB) HoweverC) NeverthelessD) Even thoughE) Unless

2 18 ) It may have something to do with the risingprice of medicines, but certainly ---------people are beginning to show an interest innatural remedies.

A) as many moreB) the moreC) the mostD) as manyE) more and more

2 19 ) Each year, large amounts ofcarbonmonoxide are --------- into theatmosphere by automobiles and factories.

A) absorbedB) emittedC) exchangedD) repulsedE) compelled

2 2 0 ) The first two paragraphs --------- theparticular requirements of the digitalenvironment as the source of data and as ameans of producing maps and othervisualisations.

A) lay emphasis onB) run out ofC) break throughD) stop short ofE) look down on

2 2 1) Syndicalism embodies the idea thatworkers, through direct action, --------- ageneral strike, should seize cont rol over themeans of production and hence gainpolitical power.A) especiallyB) previouslyC) tremendouslyD) respectfullyE) consistently

2 2 2 ) Even in developed countries, it is notunusual to see wage and job -------- againstwomen.

A) separationB) differenceC) discriminationD) insuranceE) diversity

2 2 3 ) The origins of stress vary from person toperson, and people --------- differently tostressful events.

A) referB) relyC) adoptD) reactE) appeal

19


2 2 4 ) This hotel certainly offers a high standard ofservice at --------- rates.A) contemporaryB) competitiveC) relativeD) conceivableE) reliable

2 2 5 ) I'm sure the boy is not really backward, butit is certainly difficult for him to --------- theother students in his class.

A) pull upB) make up forC) keep up withD) turn downE) take over

2 2 6 ) Every community in the world recognizescertain activities as crimes, and hasdeveloped its own way of --------- them.

A) depending onB) looking afterC) breaking intoD) making forE) dealing with

2 2 7 ) The visitors ware taken to the airport, andthere they were --------- by the assistantmanager.

A) made offB) seen offC) put throughD) turned outE) looked over

2 2 8 ) The top research universities in the U.S.A.are ------- the fact that women researchersare encountering substantial barriers tocareer advancement.

A) waiting forB) pulling out ofC) facing up toD) trying outE) turning up

2 2 9 ) His doctor ------- advising him to take it easyfor a while and stop all overtime but hedidn't listen.

A) made upB) kept onC) ran throughD) left outE) played down

2 3 0 ) I'm afraid I can't ------- the signature on thispainting, but it has been signed.

A) make outB) take outC) find outD) turn backE) put down

2 3 1) Our understanding of the development ofbehaviour has long been hampered by thetendency to ------- sharply between "innate"and "acquired" behaviour.

A) excludeB) separateC) distinguishD) inferE) assess

2 3 2 ) Owing to the shortages in some buildingmaterials and labour ------- in some trades,the building industry began to make moreuse of prefabricated.

A) componentsB) immunityC) reliablyD) cavityE) scarcity

2 3 3 ) In a blizzard, the ------- of very lowtemperatures, strong wind and suffocatingsnow often proves fatal.

A) expectationB) enduranceC) engagementD) consistenceE) combination

2 3 4 ) As regards the proposals for the treaty oneconomic cooperation, my government hascertain --------- concerning them.

A) complicationsB) reservationsC) disturbancesD) restrictionsE) predictions

2 3 5 ) The ------- concerning total disarmamenthave broken down without leading anyfruitful results.

A) intentionsB) complaintsC) negotiationsD) commitmentsE) involvements

2 3 6 ) A well-organized company that knows itsproducts are of a high standard does notfear ------- .

A) conversionB) concentrationC) competitionD) departureE) pretension

20


2 3 7 ) Nearly half of the world's countries have -----capital punishment in law or in practice, andsome two dozen of them have done soformally since 1980s.

A) accusedB) abolishedC) executedD) entailedE) frustrated

2 3 8 ) A hundred years ago the chestnut ------ a quarterof the hardwood trees in America.

A) turned downB) got throughC) made upD) made outE) put down

2 3 9 ) Fats can only be ------- for energy by aerobicmetabolism.

A) set upB) cut outC) put onD) broken downE) turned off

2 4 0 ) You should ------- this treatment for a furtherweek by which time recovery will becomplete.

A) take offB) bring inC) run onD) put up withE) keep to

2 4 1) The main focus of the study that will be ------by a multidisciplinary team will be the genesand proteins of organisms within thecontext of their informational pathways ornetworks.A) looked forB) carried outC) made outD) let downE) brought up

2 4 2 ) During the measles epidemic, it wasobserved that the disease had developed a------- to certain drugs that had once beeneffective.

A) resistanceB) riskC) denialD) schemeE) condition

2 4 3 ) Our metabolism ------- most of thecarbohydrates we have either into glucoseor into glycogen.

A) breaksB) deductsC) convertsD) destroysE) collaborates

2 4 4 ) It is a fact that moderate amounts of sugarare usually not harmful but, taken in excess,sugar can be ------ to our health.

A) vulnerableB) nutritiousC) preferableD) preventiveE) detrimental

2 4 5 ) In his fiction, William Faulkner uses acomplex literary style that seems to -------his intricate themes of good and evil.

A) fit in withB) clear outC) put up withD) make outE) take after

2 4 6 ) The government has ------- a set of newpolicies and measures which are designedto combat violence in big towns.

A) got offB) found outC) let downD) taken downE) worked out

2 4 7 ) The judge quickly ------- his notes beforesentencing the accused.

A) took overB) made upC) looked throughD) put offE) found out

2 4 8 ) When Shakespeare died in Stradford in1660, no collected ------- of his plays hadbeen published.

A) titleB) editionC) sectionD) printE) manuscript

21


2 4 9 ) British supermarkets have more politicalinfluence than ------- any other corporatesector in Britain.

A) oftenB) immediatelyC) almostD) fairlyE) quite

2 5 0 ) Several international treaties and

2 5 6 ) When he referred in his speech to "bio -complexity" most of the audience weresurprised and -------- what that word meant.

A) expectedB) suspectedC) wonderedD) improvedE) rejected

2 5 7 ) No plan is ever perfect, and strategists areconferences have -------- the prohibition ofchemical warfare.

A) put up withB) looked downC) turned offD) filled inE) dealt with

2 5 1) Reflex behaviour is ------- ; it arisesautomatically in response to an appropriatestimulus.

A) insignificantB) invalidC) insufficientD) involuntaryE) inadequate

2 5 2 ) To increase its exports, the company is ------highly motivated professionals withexperience in international trade.

A) applyingB) replacingC) agreeingD) holdingE) seeking

2 5 3 ) Iron is one of the most abundant min erals andthe most ------ to weathering.

A) resistantB) reliableC) convenientD) reluctantE) indifferent

2 5 4 ) Water and air pollution could one dayendanger the world's -------- of oxygen.

A) recoveryB) supplyC) extinctionD) exploitationE) decline

2 5 5 ) The physicians are ------- pleased with theprogress the patient is making, and she mayleave hospital tomorrow.

A) randomlyB) slowlyC) successfullyD) carefullyE) nearly

------- trying to refine their plans for thefuture technological innovations.

A) uniformlyB) formerlyC) mentallyD) constantlyE) equally

2 5 8 ) The proposal put forward by the researchassistant was immediately -------- by thecommittee and the studies will shortly gointo effect.

A) made forB) taken upC) ruled outD) put offE) turned back

2 5 9 ) Over one million wheat farmers in Francehave been -------- business following theimport of heavily subsidised wheat fromItaly.

A) put out ofB) brought up toC) made up forD) played down toE) shown up to

2 6 0 ) If the ------- of profits falls in one area ofactivity, entrepreneurs may move theirresources to an industry where the returnsare higher.

A) phaseB) liabilityC) levelD) supplyE) policy

2 6 1) Almost all the villages in New Guinea aresurrounded by shrubby zones where peoplehave -------- the original rain forest andplanted gardens.

A) kept outB) wrapped upC) made upD) cleared awayE) sealed off

22


2 6 2 ) In many countries training for industry hasalways been considered to be ------- theconcern of industry itself, not of the state.

A) sociallyB) primarilyC) suitablyD) firmlyE) reputedly

2 6 3 ) Recent studies have shown that smokersare more ------- to common colds and fluthan non-smokers.

A) feasibleB) susceptibleC) applicableD) reliableE) responsible

2 6 4 ) Even quite late in the twentieth century,many men assumed that entry into certainprofessions was their ------- right.

A) independentB) exclusiveC) adequateD) excessiveE) confidential

2 6 5 ) Evidence of racial bias in sentencing helpedto convince certain states in America to ------capital punishment in the late 1960s andearly 1970s.

A) keep downB) rule againstC) put outD) point outE) break through

2 6 6 ) In Britain the prime minister is stillappointed by the sovereign, but the latter's----- in the selection process may now besaid to be merely nominal.

A) explanationB) processC) exhaustionD) conservationE) participation

2 6 7 ) He admits that he has not yet fully -------- thetrue implications or the logical conclusionsof his startling discovery.

A) given backB) thought outC) played downD) taken overE) backed out

2 6 8 ) ------- populated, rural Northumberland isone of the most unspoiled countries inEngland.

A) SparselyB) NearlyC) PrimarilyD) SuitablyE) Efficiently

2 6 9 ) Anti-lock brakes (ABS) help you to maintainsteering control of your car even whilebraking on ------- roads.

A) lonesomeB) fastC) recklessD) slipperyE) stagnant

2 7 0 ) Few would ------- that corporations,especially the multinational ones, areenormously powerful.

A) involveB) resumeC) promiseD) disdainE) deny

2 7 1) No -------- authority has the right to dictatewhether a state shall adopt a socialist or acapitalist economic policy.

A) comprehensiveB) outsideC) reputableD) irresponsibleE) compulsive

2 7 2 ) Natural disasters have been defined asecological disruptions exceeding theadjustment capacity of a community and------- outside assistance.

A) stepping upB) putting up withC) look afterD) calling forE) dealing with

2 7 3 ) A basic ------- of amphibious warfare isundoubtedly command of the sea.

A) withdrawalB) involvementC) determinationD) concessionE) requirement

23


2 7 4 ) Bacteria have remarkable capacity for -------tolerance to previously lethal drugs.

A) acquiringB) denouncingC) deceivingD) repudiatingE) recovering

2 7 5 ) If you want that post you'd better applyquickly; the last day for ------- applications isFriday.

A) reversingB) withholdingC) enforcingD) submittingE) committing

2 7 6 ) In this paper I should like to report some ofthe results of an ------- study of two hundredLondon families.

A) extremeB) intrinsicC) intensiveD) emphaticE) apparent

2 7 7 ) For the present, the party is expected to putits differences aside and campaign ------- fora victory at the forthcoming elections.

A) vigorouslyB) awkwardlyC) preciselyD) distinctlyE) reluctantly

2 7 8 ) Industry has developed rapidly in certaincountries as raw materials are -------available there.

A) repeatedlyB) scarcelyC) consequentlyD) abundantlyE) indefinitely

2 7 9 ) I wasn't at all impressed by the ------- hegave me.

A) distributionB) explanationC) determinationD) complicationE) negotiation

2 8 0 ) The problem of how to ------- the vastquantities of waste we produce requires oururgent attention.

A) bring upB) win overC) find outD) put offE) deal with

2 8 1) Once the children have grown up I shallstart travelling again, and I'm really -------that.

A) passing on toB) waiting up forC) looking forward toD) making up forE) going along with

2 8 2 ) The United Kingdom has made significantcontributions to the world economy, ----- intechnology and industry.

A) especiallyB) likelyC) eventuallyD) indispensablyE) favourably

2 8 3 ) Our challenge is to ------- our clients with thebest possible advice and support, enablingthem to take the right direction at bothstrategic and operational levels.

A) expandB) consultC) improveD) provideE) respect

2 8 4 ) Since most of the world’s commercialapples lack genetic diversity, they areunable to ------- a disease or a pest.

A) put awayB) hold upC) fight offD) get offE) break out

2 8 5 ) The 1990s have seen a general ------- in aidto poor countries, largely because of fiscalpressures in many rich countries.

A) consumptionB) declineC) contingencyD) convictionE) expenditure

2 8 6 ) The whole business of having meals at fixed------- is nothing but a social convention and,in modern life, a matter of convenience.

A) approachesB) substancesC) intervalsD) requirementsE) proportions

24


2 8 7 ) The ------- was not a happy one at the time,but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad itoccurred.

A) improvementB) regressionC) encounterD) intentionE) compromise

2 8 8 ) Questions of race, ethnicity, and religionhave been a ------- source of conflict inAmerican education.

A) previousB) perennialC) vulnerableD) naughtyE) casual

2 8 9 ) The contemporary world economy differs------- from what the traditional economictheorists of the 1930s envisaged.

A) primarilyB) likelyC) converselyD) profoundlyE) intimately

2 9 0 ) When the rate of exchange began to riseagain, he felt --------- to call a meeting of thefinancial staff.

A) obligedB) blamedC) consumedD) omittedE) rewarded

2 9 1) Since the 1950s modern dance in Europeand America has ------- a vigorous processof creativity.

A) castB) exploredC) constitutedD) relaxedE) followed

2 9 2 ) The assassination by terrorists of SignorAldo Moro, five times Prime Minister of Italy,in May 1978 was ------- by everyone as an actof barbarism.

A) applaudedB) appealedC) reiteratedD) condemnedE) restrained

2 9 3 ) The recent economic figures --------- that thecountry is slowly coming out of the crisis.

A) commitB) implyC) incurD) evolveE) invoke

2 9 4 ) In recent years ------- complex and persistentproblems in economic and social fields haveled people to wonder why once comfortableanswers no longer seem adequate totoday’s questions.A) generouslyB) inadvertentlyC) increasinglyD) ingeniouslyE) leisurely

2 9 5 ) I was greatly impressed by the way thejudge conducted the trial, --------- when itcame to summing up the case.

A) particularlyB) completelyC) sufficientlyD) effectivelyE) respectively

2 9 6 ) Asthma is a common ------ in which the airwayslining the lung become inflamed.

A) diagnosisB) diseaseC) furyD) patientE) recovery

2 9 7 ) I was astonished to learn how such anexperienced man as Dr. Foster could ------ byher tricks.

A) looked upB) found outC) run overD) made upE) taken in

2 9 8 ) After that last incident, even the manageradmits that we can ------ their services.

A) go onB) do withoutC) put outD) show offE) break into

25


2 9 9 ) Because of their high toxic contents, noneof these chemicals can ----- be permitted forexport to any country.

A) fruitfullyB) adequatelyC) presentlyD) notoriouslyE) equivocally

3 0 0 ) People curious to get some idea of what it islike to be black in a country ----- by whitesneed look no further than Dennis Williams’snew novel “Crossover”.A) temptedB) underminedC) perpetratedD) runE) deemed

3 0 1) From the report released today it appearsthat oil tankers suffer their major ------- ontheir return journeys.

A) spillsB) costsC) repairsD) drillsE) crews

3 0 2 ) It is plain that the United Natio ns will not liftthe sanctions unless the Iraqi governmentfully ------- with the Security Councilresolutions.

A) matchesB) elaboratesC) compliesD) resumesE) accomplishes

3 0 3 ) When the chairman tried to explain hisviews to the shareholders at the -------general meeting, he was shouted down bythem with cries of “Resign!”.

A) annualB) minimalC) essentialD) ultimateE) recurrent

3 0 4 ) The Jewish immigrants, who ------- the boatin England, formed the bulk of the eth nicgroups arriving in a country historicallywary of foreigners.

A) took afterB) got offC) turned upD) made upE) showed off

3 0 5 ) Progress in materials research is ------- toovercoming such problems as the finitenessof the world’s resources and possibleshortages of strategic materials.

A) crucialB) inexpensiveC) adamantD) subversiveE) subsequent

3 0 6 ) I don’t know how we are going to ------- theexpected surge of immigrants into thecountry.

A) run throughB) cope withC) put outD) take downE) look over

3 0 7 ) He was rather ------ when he learned that hisproposal had been turned down.

A) hurried onB) sent awayC) found outD) seen toE) put out

3 0 8 ) At the board meeting, his sugges tion was------ as it seemed politically controversial.

A) put outB) taken outC) held inD) burst intoE) cast aside

3 0 9 ) Despite the gusty wind they were able to putout the fire before it ------ .

A) fell offB) was taken into accountC) was held outD) got out of handE) broke up

3 10 ) Following the bomb explosion in theshopping centre, the police have beenwarning people to ------ any suspiciouslooking parcels.

A) rely onB) run throughC) take overD) watch out forE) send for

3 11) I can’t ------ the signature of the oil paint, butit has been signed.

A) make outB) turn outC) turn overD) find outE) take up

26


3 12 ) Before I send this article to the editor, I 3 18 ) No one knows when the oil wells of thewould be grateful if you could ------ it for me.

A) watch outB) look upC) break throughD) take overE) go through

3 13 ) I had my doubts about her when I took heron, but now I’m pleased to say that she has------ to be a talented executive.

A) taken upB) run overC) turned outD) made outE) carried on

3 14 ) The operation weakened him, but he’llshortly ------ now that he knows he is comingout of hospital.

A) watch out forB) put throughC) keep up withD) made upE) pull through

3 15 ) If a part of the city is ------- residential use,no one may build a factory there.

A) borne downB) made forC) taken outD) zoned forE) checked with

3 16 ) One of the disadvantages of growing olderis that you never seem to have theopportunity to ------ all of the sports youwould like to.

A) catch sight ofB) make room forC) lose track ofD) take part inE) set sail to

3 17 ) Aristotelianism ------ a geocentric view of theuniverse and dealt with nature in qualitativerather than quantitative terms.

A) held outB) got aboutC) rested onD) sorted outE) worn off

world will ------, but what is certain is thatbefore they do, alternative sources ofenergy must be developed.

A) dry upB) run upC) back offD) drop offE) lay over

3 19 ) The Congress have ------ a big problem intheir economic policy: the unions won’t co -operate, and management doesn’t approveof what they are trying to do.

A) looked down uponB) cut down onC) fit up toD) got away withE) come up against

3 2 0 ) The manager who was said to have revealedthe plans so as to get financial benefit ------after the criticism from the share -holders.

A) set upB) stood forC) stepped downD) got overE) broke up

3 2 1) It has become a fashion among famouspeople to use some of their money to ------needy people.

A) comply withB) run forC) call offD) provide forE) sort out

3 2 2 ) In our national policies, we should -------growth of all sectors of our economy andnot just the export sector.

A) keep pace withB) run out ofC) lay emphasis onD) take advantage ofE) bear in mind

3 2 3 ) Medical professionals have alw ays ------visual analysis to provide clues about apatients condition.

A) run throughB) relied onC) caught up withD) watched out forE) put out

27


3 2 4 ) Before the meeting begins, it'd be advisableto remind him that he's not, on any account,to ------ the subject of unemployment.

A) look throughB) take backC) bring upD) break outE) make out

3 2 5 ) I heard that this morning someone ------, butyou were out and they left.

A) paid inB) joined inC) called byD) got byE) passed out

3 2 6 ) Among the Maori of New Zealand, eachcommunity has developed its own way of------ crimes and has chosen a number ofdifferent punishments to match them.

A) holding upB) coming alongC) dealing withD) paying forE) taking over

3 2 7 ) The population of the underdevelopedcountries is growing so fast that theagricultural activities there are unable to------ the progressively rising demand forfood.

A) keep up withB) make sure ofC) look out forD) bring upE) sort out

3 2 8 ) When sulfur dioxide emissions from electricpower plants ------- particles of water in theatmosphere, they fall to ground as acid rainor snow.

A) combine withB) range fromC) rely uponD) compose ofE) put ahead

3 2 9 ) The two archaeologists have tried hard toread the inscription in old Latin, but I do notsuppose they have ------ what it literallymeans.

A) got away withB) written offC) taken afterD) made outE) brought up

3 3 0 ) It is hard for a tiger, especially aninexperienced one, to ------ how to attack ananimal that is facing it.

A) figure outB) keep awayC) rule outD) fall backE) run over

3 3 1) I will be calling in at their office tomorrow,so I can ------ those documents for you if youlike.

A) cut downB) bring aboutC) put acrossD) pick upE) wipe out

3 3 2 ) Because critical periods occur throughoutpregrancy, a woman should continuously------ her health.

A) keep in withB) put up withC) find outD) take good care ofE) look up to

3 3 3 ) His theory seems, at first, to be plausible,but the facts in his research don't ------ .

A) turn upB) add upC) take afterD) make upE) back out

3 3 4 ) Babies of our age are healthier and better------ than those of the past and far fewer ofthem die in infancy.

A) disposed ofB) fed upC) rounded upD) looked intoE) cared for

3 3 5 ) Before the plane ------ , the flight attendanttold everyone to fasten their seat belts andput their chairs in an upright position.

A) borne outB) closed inC) turned upD) took offE) got down

3 3 6 ) The atmosphere ------ the earth as if it were ahuge roof.

A) breaks upB) makes forC) hangs overD) puts offE) runs over

28


3 3 7 ) Popular protest and extensive media 3 4 3 ) In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices andcoverage finally helped ------ change in thecountry's environmental policies.

A) keep offB) rule outC) bring aboutD) point outE) break up

3 3 8 ) In the introduction to this book, the writer------ a foreign policy that makes world peacethe top priority.

A) calls forB) holds outC) keeps upD) puts onE) brings about

3 3 9 ) This radio station is based in Chicago,which is 60 miles from here. That is why thebroadcast doesn't ------ clearly.

A) turn downB) get throughC) come inD) make offE) put down

3 4 0 ) Whatever the pressures put upon him, Ithink it is highly unlikely that James wouldever ------ anyone.

A) walk away withB) give in toC) make up forD) get away withE) fall through

3 4 1) In the early twentieth century, a number ofscientists, who had been trained asphysicists, were interested in the study ofbiological organisms, and their efforts ------the field we now call “molecular biology”.

A) took leave ofB) made up forC) gave rise toD) showed upE) fell part

3 4 2 ) I don't know how we are going to ------ theexpected surge of immigrants into thecountry.

A) run throughB) cope withC) put outD) take downE) look over

uncontrolled clearing of natural vegetationhave transformed much of the country’shighlands ------- bare landscapes, but alldestroyed ------- erosion.

A) above / ofB) for / withC) into / byD) in / underE) to / at

3 4 4 ) Though only a handful of savants were even------ Newton's existence, he had arrived atthe point where he had become the leadingmathematician in Europe.

A) exposed toB) aware ofC) content withD) capable ofE) appropriate for

3 4 5 ) He's basically a very realient person, so youcan be sure he'll soon ------ thisdisappointment.

A) make outB) put throughC) get overD) look upE) give up

3 4 6 ) In an effort to ------ the rate of inflation, manybanks have raised their interest rates.

A) run out ofB) watch outC) stand byD) put outE) keep up with

3 4 7 ) I would like to open a private old people'shome but I don't know yet how to ------ it.

A) look throughB) set aboutC) rush openD) put onE) turn on

3 4 8 ) As my secretary will be away for a couple ofdays, would you be kind enough to ------ mycorrespondence?

A) play backB) bring offC) take care ofD) return toE) turn off

29


3 4 9 ) The committee has ------ the matter, but theyhave found no irregularities.

A) looked intoB) taken offC) played downD) stood forE) made up

3 5 0 ) Due to industrialization and colonization,the nineteenth century ------ the greatestexpansion of wealth the world had everknown.

A) brought aboutB) put offC) held upD) gave inE) set off

3 5 1) For legal reasons, our lawyer wants to ------the papers thoroughly before we sign them.

A) go overB) write offC) take inD) pull togetherE) check out

3 5 2 ) As soon as the leak in the tank was noticed,one of the engineers was naturally ------ .

A) taken afterB) run downC) made outD) sent forE) turned up

3 5 3 ) There ------- many efforts to eradicateracism, but very little success ------- .

A) were / had been achievedB) had been / would have been achievedC) have been / has been achievedD) are / was achievedE) may be / will have been achieved

3 5 4 ) Evaporation ------- the process by which asolid or liquid ------- into vapour by heat.

A) had been / resolvedB) was / had resolvedC) has been / was resolvedD) may be / has resolvedE) is / is resolved

3 5 5 ) The Etruscans, who ------- a great part ofItaly about 900 BC, ------- from Asia Minor.

A) had colonised / originally cameB) colonised / had originally comeC) were colonised / have originally comeD) have colonised / originally comeE) were colonising / might originally come

3 5 6 ) He ------- his paper by saying that the entirehistory of human race ---- by transfers ofcultural and technological advance from onecivilisation to another.

A) concluded / had been markedB) concludes / would have been markedC) has concluded / was markedD) had concluded / is markedE) will conclude / was being marked

3 5 7 ) Economic recession and risingunemployment, coupled ------- continuedincreases ------- retail food prices, havecurtailed consumption.

A) with / inB) through / throughC) by / forD) at / aboutE) within / over

3 5 8 ) The advance in the steel industry has beenmarked ------- a progressive increase -------size, complexity and capital outlay.

A) at / ofB) with / toC) over / fromD) by / inE) under / through

3 5 9 ) He is diplomatically qualified ------- tonegotiate for a mutual reduction of thearmed forces in the region.

A) enoughB) thoughC) as well asD) not onlyE) also

3 6 0 ) We ----- no problems whatsoever with thedam since it ---- forty years ago.

A) had / has been constructedB) have had / was constructedC) had had / had been constructedD) are having / is constructedE) were having / was being constructed

3 6 1) I was forced to admit that there was a dropin sales towards the end of the year ---------he had predicted.

A) such asB) even soC) in caseD) just asE) so far as

30


3 6 2 ) The orders were that we ------- the area 3 6 8 ) Thailand has lost half of its forests ------- itswithin hours to prevent further loss of life.

A) had evacuatedB) have to evacuateC) will have evacuatedD) had to evacuateE) shall have to evacuate

3 6 3 ) The Deputy Prime Minister announced that itwas ------- early to propose amendments inthe legislation concerning industrialrelations.

A) as well asB) just soC) just asD) as soon asE) as yet too

3 6 4 ) The answer to the question ------- great artcan exist independently of religion will, ------,depend on society’s moral and aestheticvalues.

A) what / in the same wayB) even if / in due courseC) whether / to a large extentD) so that / in shortE) since / now and again

3 6 5 ) Clifford Goertz, probably ------- famousanthropologist in the world today, hasrevolutionised the way anthropology istaught on campuses.

A) moreB) mostC) the mostD) the moreE) a

3 6 6 ) Activists are those in a political movementwho insist on taking active steps towardstheir objectives ------- merely putting forwardan action program.

A) in order toB) rather thanC) as far asD) in thatE) so long as

3 6 7 ) The very idea of establishing a literary‘canon’ has become -------- controversial thatthe people running the Library of Americahave wisely avoided using the term.

A) tooB) asC) suchD) soE) more

population has ------- doubled in recentdecades.

A) as / more thanB) just as / mostlyC) so as / soonD) in case / quiteE) because of / much

3 6 9 ) As he was not satisfied with the contents ofthe document, he declined to sign it, andnone of the members attempted to pers uadehim to, ------- .A) alsoB) tooC) as wellD) eitherE) yet

3 7 0 ) Under these circumstances he should neverhave been allowed to take charge of theoperation --------- he was the most senior ofthe officers available.

A) why everB) whetherC) even thoughD) wheneverE) so that

3 7 1) When the relief workers reached the sceneof the disaster, they immediately began tohelp --------- who could do nothing for -------- .

A) that / himselfB) them / theirC) those / themselvesD) these / ourselvesE) us / yourself

3 7 2 ) Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand, hesaid he didn’t know ------- it was, and addedthat it was not ------- .

A) which / himB) whose / hisC) who / herD) whom / usE) that / theirs

3 7 3 ) They haven’t met for twelve years or more,but I understand they still write to --------- ata regular interval.

A) the otherB) each otherC) themselvesD) the othersE) one other

31


3 7 4 ) It was foolish of me to turn down such anoffer; in fact ------- I think about it, ------- Iregret it.

A) as much / so much moreB) the more / as muchC) much / as muchD) the most / so muchE) the more / the more

3 7 5 ) The scheme has been --------- considerationfor a long time now, but I doubt whether itwill ever be put --------- effect.

A) under / intoB) within / throughC) for / toD) in / offE) over / ever

3 7 6 ) It was --------- his efforts that the two sidesfinally agreed to hold talks --------- theprinciples of economic cooperation.

A) by / throughB) ever / forC) through / onD) with / atE) without / from

3 7 7 ) Why can’t you admit that --------- hard heworks, he will never manage to achieve whathis elder brother has achieved?

A) unlessB) whatsoeverC) thoughD) wheneverE) however

3 7 8 ) Many more people would doubtlessly haveattended the debate --------- they had knownin advance who the principal speakers were.

A) if onlyB) whileC) sinceD) afterE) until

3 7 9 ) If our delegates hadn’t shown themselveswilling to come to terms, those from othercountries ------- .

A) would be, too.B) wouldn’t have, either.C) had not, either.D) have had, too.E) would have, too.

3 8 0 ) In recent decades the efficiency of theUnited Nations --------- by a growing numberof countries.

A) will have been questionedB) was questionedC) had been questionedD) would be questionedE) has been questioned

3 8 1) They set up a liaison office in East Africa formarketing their goods but now they wishthey --------- so.

A) had not doneB) have not doneC) would not doD) would not have doneE) never do

3 8 2 ) As the decade ------- to wind down, MarkMorris ------- as our century’s youngest greatchoreographer.

A) has begun / had stoodB) will begin / is standingC) was beginning / has stoodD) begins / standsE) is beginning / has been standing

3 8 3 ) As ------- of our employees can afford cars of------- own, they all have to rely on publictransport.

A) few / themB) some / hisC) none / theirD) most / ourE) many / its

3 8 4 ) Private investments play ------ important a part inthe country’s long-running economic expansion------ no government dares to increase taxation onpersonal savings.

A) too / thatB) such / asC) much / soD) so / thatE) as / as

3 8 5 ) It seems likely that, by the end of the week,the costs involved in the construction of thebridge --------- by the Ministry.

A) would have been announcedB) would be announcedC) are being announcedD) will have been announcedE) have been announced

32


3 8 6 ) In the past few months, our companydirector ------- more mettle than mostindustrialists ------- in an entire career.

A) had shown / have doneB) showed / would doC) shows / didD) was showing / may have doneE) has shown / do

3 9 3 ) An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, anda geneticist ------- its DNA to make it growinto an elm may justly be said ------- with itsnatural course.

A) altering / to have interferedB) having altered / to interfereC) to alter / having interferedD) being altered / interferedE) to have altered / to be interfering

3 8 7 ) If they ------- what sort of a person he was,they ------- him their support.

A) would know / didn’t giveB) knew / won’t giveC) had known / wouldn’t have givenD) would have known / hadn’t givenE) have known / haven’t given

3 8 8 ) Of the many attempts that ------- to regulatelanguage one way or another, very few ------ .

A) were made / had succeededB) have been made / have succeededC) are made / succeededD) could have been made / will succeedE) are being made / may have succeeded

3 8 9 ) I don’t imagine he wrote the speech -------but ------- did so, certainly made a good jobof it.

A) for them / whomsoeverB) of his / somebodyC) by him / theyD) himself / whoeverE) themselves / whichever

3 9 0 ) His proposals ------- the new social securitypolicy seems more viable than any of theothers.

A) by way ofB) due toC) owing toD) in case ofE) as regards

3 9 1) There are situations ------- the best way toheal the patient is to help him die peacefully.

A) from whereB) in thatC) whenceD) for whomE) in which

3 9 2 ) Had they apologised for deliberatelyovercharging me, I ----- a complaint with theConsumers’ rights Office.

A) will not have filedB) may not have filedC) would not have filedD) was not filingE) may not file

3 9 4 ) He’s certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company beintroduced step by step, and ------- .

A) so I amB) so am IC) so do ID) I do, tooE) I also do

3 9 5 ) Do you really believe that the partyprogramme ------- it now stands, isdemocratic ------- to influence the vote in ourfavour.

A) as / enoughB) since / alsoC) where / as wellD) such as / tooE) that / even

3 9 6 ) ------- the recent rise in unemploymentlargely affects eastern Germany, there isconsiderable unrest in western Germany,too.

A) SinceB) In caseC) AlthoughD) UnlessE) Until

3 9 7 ) ------- he was campaigning for relection lastyear, he promised that ------- relected, hewould undertake to restructure the party.

A) Wherever / lestB) Because / whileC) As / sinceD) While / unlessE) When / if

3 9 8 ) ------ the terms of the forthcoming tradeagreement, Japan wins parity ------- theUnited States.

A) Through / aboveB) By / ofC) From / fromD) Under / withE) After / over

33


3 9 9 ) We have yet to take ------- consideration theproblem of how large future national armi esshould eventually be, regardless ------- theircurrent size.

A) onto / atB) in / inC) for / withD) under / fromE) into / of

4 0 0 ) Of all the policies put into effect by theThatcher governments, ------- controversialwas the economic one.

A) mostB) the moreC) the mostD) moreE) mostly

4 0 1) If the others hadn’t voted in favor of theyounger candidate, I probably wouldn’t havedone so ------- .

A) evenB) eitherC) tooD) alsoE) as well

4 0 2 ) Scientists rely on computers to modelphenomena ------- would ------- be difficult toobserve.

A) whereby / in caseB) such as / nonethelessC) which / neverthelessD) that / otherwiseE) so that / in fact

4 0 3 ) The lawyer decided to call ------- of thewitnesses only and paid no attention to------- .

A) both / othersB) the two / any otherC) two / the othersD) some / anotherE) any / some others

4 0 4 ) ------- the embargo imposed on us is lifted inthe near future, we can’t hope for anyeconomic recovery.

A) WhereasB) WhileC) BecauseD) In caseE) Unless

4 0 5 ) We are prevented ------- completing theproject ------- time due to unforeseencircumstances.

A) from / onB) in / byC) by / inD) at / overE) for / about

4 0 6 ) Several experts were working on the project,and each came up with some interestingproposals, and naturally ------- claimed that------- was the best.A) many / eachB) some / itsC) we / itD) each / hisE) all / he

4 0 7 ) Today the expansion of knowledge inastronomy, physics, chemistry, and biologyis ------- vast and complex, and multiplying------- quickly to be mastered fully.

A) so / thatB) too / tooC) just as / asD) as well / asE) so / so

4 0 8 ) The Hollywood studio system in filmmaking, which began ------- 1920 andflourished from the early 1930s ------- the1950s is unique in Western culture.

A) throughout / intoB) around / throughC) by / untilD) within / overE) along / till

4 0 9 ) ------- proving useful in many scientificfields, computers-generated knowledge,------- Professor Hayes acknowledges, is notwithout pitfalls.

A) Although / becauseB) Since / whileC) While / asD) As long as / even ifE) Once / whether or not

4 10 ) ------- suggestion he may make as regardsthe tax rate, let’s not give any response------- we have discussed the matterthoroughly together.

A) However / whenB) Whyever / afterC) Whatsoever / whileD) Whatever / untilE) Whenever / before

34


4 11) Most newspapers are of the opinion that if amajority of Scots really ------- independence,the British Parliament has no option but------- to their wishes.

A) did want / had accededB) wanted / have accededC) had wanted / would have accededD) do want / to accedeE) would have wanted / acceded

4 12 ) For a hundred years or so, some critics------- that poetry is dying and all that timepoets ------- poems that later generationsrecognise as great.

A) have maintained / have been writingB) maintained / wroteC) had maintained / were writingD) maintain / are writingE) would maintain / had been writing

4 13 ) What I ------- is that we ------- to thinkseriously about a thorough reform in thelegal system.

A) have proposed / should have begunB) had proposed / were beginningC) am proposing / beginD) was proposing / have begunE) proposed / had begun

4 14 ) When the Italian astronomer GiovanniSchiaparelli ------- a map of Mars in 1877, he------- a large number of straight linearfeatures, which he called “canali” that is“channels”.

A) publishes / has notedB) had published / was notingC) has published / notesD) published / notedE) would have published / had noted

4 15 ) If we ------- the terms of the contract, all thepaint-work in the building ------- finished bythe 5th of next month.

A) are to meet / will have to beB) were meeting / will beC) met / would have had to beD) had met / is beingE) will meet / was being

4 16 ) We are confident that the management andthe workforce will get on well together aslong as ------- respects ------- .

A) the other / anotherB) both / itselfC) the one / anotherD) everyone / themselvesE) each / the other

4 17 ) The term "aborigines" signifies the originalinhabitants of any country, ------- the nativetribes of Australia.

A) with regard toB) due toC) in spite ofD) in particularE) according to

4 18 ) Today the United States, still by far -------prosperous country in the world, isincreasing its working hours ------- creating amore positive balance between work andleisure time.A) the more / as well asB) most / in spite ofC) more / thanD) the most / instead ofE) the / just as

4 19 ) The telephone is at the centre of innovativetechnologies ------- may alter forever -------we receive and use information.

A) which / butB) so that / sinceC) that / howD) as / althoughE) whereas / in case

4 2 0 ) The editor thought that the new series ofarticles would prove very popular, butactually hardly ------- seems to have beenimpressed by it.

A) nobodyB) anyoneC) the otherD) any otherE) somebody

4 2 1) The report presents a general overview ofthe problems that ------- when a disaster ------nation.

A) would have been encountered / will hitB) are encountered / will hitC) have been encountered / had hitD) had been encountered / was being hitE) will be encountered / hits

4 2 2 ) There have been some art critics who -------in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ------- adraughtsman all his life.

A) had maintained / has remainedB) have maintained / remainedC) were maintaining / had remainedD) maintained / would have remainedE) will maintain / remains

35


4 2 3 ) The Romanian Privatisation Authority 4 2 9 ) The book of "A Thousand and One Nights" is aannounced last week that Renault of France------- to be the sole bidder for a majoritystake in the national car company, Dacia,which ------- cheap cars for the domesticmarket.A) would turn out / had madeB) has turned out / madeC) would have turned out / is makingD) is turning out / has madeE) might turn out / makes

4 2 4 ) Fish farming in the world seems to bedestined to expand, but it is ------- early topredict the likely extent of growth in thisfield.

A) as wellB) enoughC) tooD) asE) so far

4 2 5 ) Although the American writer KatherineAnne Porter used a variety of places -------the setting of her short stories and novels,she frequently came ------- to the scenes ofher early days.A) through / overB) within / inC) for / backD) without / forE) under / up

4 2 6 ) British TV is still stuck ------- a regulatorystructure designed ------ a bygone age.

A) with / forB) off / withinC) up / inD) away / byE) through / over

4 2 7 ) In developing new collective defence policies,America and her European allies will ------ bedrawn closer together ------ drift irreversiblyapart.

A) either / orB) not only / but alsoC) so / thatD) both / andE) just as / so

4 2 8 ) Originally the sonnet was an Italian poeticalform which attained great popularity in theRenaissance, and ---- it was natural, ----- notessential, for Shakespeare and hiscontemporaries to use it.A) while / thoughB) since / howeverC) furthermore / rather thanD) already / evenE) hence / if

collection of fascinating tales of the Orient, ofMixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptianorigination, and first ----- in Europe by AntoineGalland's French translation in the earlyeighteenth century.A) having knownB) to knowC) to be knownD) made knownE) to be made known

4 3 0 ) At the Brussels meeting over the lastweekend Madeleine Albright, The Americansecretary of State, ------- her allies that futureNATO missions ------- them further afield, butnot all over the world.

A) assures / is takingB) has assured / will have takenC) assured / would takeD) had assured / tookE) was assuring / will take

4 3 1) They claim that their aim is to establish longterm cooperation ------- their customers, ------a basis of partnership and mutual trust.

A) for / overB) with / onC) by / throughD) from / inE) among / for

4 3 2 ) In their discussions concerning theproposed defence strategies, NATOdiplomats found they could not agree -------what the alliance was ---- , what weapons itwould threaten to use and in whatcircumstances.A) on / forB) about / intoC) with / overD) by / aboutE) before / through

4 3 3 ) The collapse of Rome left ------- its wake alarge variety of ethnic communities -------which modern European states emerged.

A) before / ofB) at / throughC) over / byD) in / fromE) within / with

4 3 4 ) Marxism ------- an important movement inBritain even though it ------- its origin here.

A) would never have been / takesB) had never been / would takeC) never was / has takenD) would never be / would have takenE) has never been / took

36


4 3 5 ) Germany’s weight in the European Union isknown, ------- what is not known, even to theGermans themselves, is ------- they are touse it.

A) but / howB) in case / becauseC) unless / whyD) lest / untilE) otherwise / where

4 3 6 ) Edward Gibbon’s great book The History ofthe Decline and Fall of the Roman Empireinforms us ------- mankind’s predilection forfaction, augmented by environmental andcultural differences, is ------- determineshistory.A) why / thatB) as / wherebyC) that / whatD) how / whoeverE) so that / whatever

4 3 7 ) It won’t be easy to find a replacement forhim, for ------- takes over is likely to meet thesame fate.

A) whatB) whichC) whereverD) whoeverE) whichever

4 3 8 ) The majority of ------- are apprehensiveabout new computer programmes, untilwe’ve actually tried them out for ------- .

A) him / himselfB) us / ourselvesC) them / themselvesD) ours / usE) theirs / ours

4 3 9 ) The history of the Venetian Republic ------- toan end in 1797 when Venice ------- over toAustria by Napoleon.

A) was coming / would have been handedB) came / was handedC) had come / has been handedD) comes / had been handedE) would come / was being handed

4 4 0 ) More than half of the 850 asylum seekerscurrently detained in Britain ------- in prisonwith no right of appeal, even though the vastmajority ------- with any offence, let aloneconvicted.A) were held / are not chargedB) are being held / have not been chargedC) have been held / would not be chargedD) being held / had not been chargedE) will be held / were not being charged

4 4 1) Over the past two decades, the Corsicans------ their idyllic island, which was wrestedby France from the Genoese in 1768, ------into terrorism, corruption and eco nomicdecline.

A) have seen / sinkB) had seen / sankC) saw / to sinkD) would have seen / had sunkE) would see / had been sinking

4 4 2 ) For observers of international politics,March 1998 ------- as a month when theworld’s superpower relations ------- a hopefulnew turn.

A) will be remembered / may have takenB) had been remembered / would have takenC) may be remembered / tookD) has been remembered / would takeE) would be remembered / will have taken

4 4 3 ) Apparently, the talks held between the twogovernments concerning the prevention ofdrug-trafficking have not been constructive------- to produce any positive results.

A) justB) as wellC) alsoD) enoughE) so that

4 4 4 ) As far as I remember, it was in China thatthey first met and got interested in the damproject, -------?

A) don’t IB) wasn’t itC) do ID) was itE) did they

4 4 5 ) The East European countries are stronglyconvinced that European Economic aid,------- welcome, is not a substitute for marketaccess and eventual membership of theEuropean Union.A) just asB) lestC) sinceD) whenE) though

4 4 6 ) One gathers from the press that a largemajority of the people are not in favour ofthe impeachment proceedings, and, frankly,I’m not, ------- .

A) eitherB) tooC) alsoD) as wellE) even so

37


4 4 7 ) The fundamental problem for North Africais that the region has ------ people ------ thearid environment can support.

A) not only / but alsoB) so many / thatC) such / asD) more / thanE) as much / as

4 4 8 ) I did manage to keep my temper, but Icouldn't refrain ------ pointing ------ that whathe had done was wrong.

A) in / atB) at / toC) by / awayD) for / offE) from / out

4 4 9 ) It ------- a mistake to think that all bacteriaare harmful, for, without some species, we------- for long.

A) is / had not survivedB) would be / could not surviveC) will be / have not survivedD) has been / would not have survivedE) had been / did not survive

4 5 0 ) Over the last few years, consumer interestin organic agriculture ------ up dramatically,and demand ------ currently ahead of supply.

A) has shot / isB) shot / wasC) had shot / had beenD) is shooting / has beenE) was shooting / would be

4 5 1) Orwell ------- at that moment that when thewhite man ------- tyrant it is his own freedomthat he destroys.

A) perceived / would turnB) has perceived / turnedC) had perceived / has turnedD) would perceive / will turnE) perceived / turns

4 5 2 ) Great natural disasters cause -------widespread death ------ massive socialdisruption and outbreaks of epidemicdisease.

A) much / asB) so much / thatC) not only / but alsoD) as / asE) no sooner / than

4 5 3 ) Though they had ----- government backing ----- apotential home market, the company pouredbillions of dollars into the project and losteverything.

A) with / lessB) neither / norC) some / anyD) no / withoutE) few / more

4 5 4 ) Thesiger's passionate belief that traditionalsocieties around the world ------- against themodern onslaught ------- fierce criticism.

A) were protected / will attractB) have been protected / had attractedC) are being protected / was attractingD) ought to be protected / has attractedE) would have been protected / would attract

4 5 5 ) All the reports ----- handed in last week, butsome of them still ------- me.

A) should have been / haven't reachedB) were / didn't reachC) have been / won't reachD) had been / didn't reachE) would have been / don't reach

4 5 6 ) David Dickinson’s new play is a fairy -taleromance, ------- a pregnant woman searchesfor the father of her child during a torrentialrainstorm.

A) whoB) by whomC) thatD) in whichE) whose

4 5 7 ) The true ecologist need not be a specialistat all, ------- his views should reflect thepractical wisdom of ordinary people.

A) forB) whereC) whetherD) in caseE) that

4 5 8 ) ------ half of the budget of the US NationalInstitute on Ageing is spent on research intoAlzheimer’s disease.

A) More ofB) Rather thanC) OtherD) The mostE) As much as

38


4 5 9 ) More importantly, Dobson's book is a 4 6 5 ) By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity ------reminder of ------- powerful and radical greenthinking can be.

A) ever soB) how farC) whereverD) much moreE) just how

4 6 0 ) You didn't have to invite all those people outfor lunch, so why ------?

A) didn't youB) did youC) have youD) haven't youE) don't you

4 6 1) This poem is generally supposed ----- in thefifteenth century, but some people date iteven earlier.

A) being composedB) to be composedC) to have been composedD) having been composedE) to have composed

4 6 2 ) The failure so far to produce evidence of lifeon any planet but ------- has given continuedstrength to the belief in the uniqueness ofEarth.

A) usB) theirC) oursD) ourE) them

4 6 3 ) He ------- that the forests ------- to theirnatural inhabitants, that is, to all varieties ofliving things.

A) suggests / be returnedB) suggested / to be returnedC) has suggested / to have been returnedD) had suggested / are being returnedE) would have suggested / return

4 6 4 ) With the help of satellite images, theIndonesian government ------ that it is thetimber companies which ------ the massdestruction of their rain forests.

A) will show / would have causedB) would have shown / had causedC) had shown / were causingD) shows / had been causingE) has shown / are causing

across southeast Asia, but in somecountries of the region the economicstructure ------ sufficiently to the benefit fromthis trend.

A) would sweep / could not have developedB) would have swept / has not developedC) was sweeping / had not developedD) has swept / was not developedE) could have swept / was not developing

4 6 6 ) The ridicule that ------- upon him by leadingscientists of the day ------- to the novelty ofhis thinking.

A) is being heaped / would testifyB) has been heaped / testifiedC) had heaped / has testifiedD) was heaping / had testifiedE) was heaped / testifies

4 6 7 ) When I ------- as a fully licensed geneticist in96, I thought I knew everything there was------- about genetics.

A) had been graduated / to be knownB) graduated / to knowC) was graduated / to have knownD) have been graduated / knownE) have graduated / to have been known

4 6 8 ) Perhaps these people are ------- ignorant torealize ------- serious a threat these fertilizersare to their health.

A) more / thanB) so / whyC) as much / asD) too / just howE) not only / but also

4 6 9 ) I would have thought that only ----- naiveworker could be deceived by -------assurances.

A) the more / neitherB) a most / eachC) the most / suchD) a much / anyE) most / same

4 7 0 ) The motive was ------- aesthetic and social------- they sought to bring good designwithin the reach of the ordinary man.

A) so / in thatB) both / becauseC) just as / thatD) as much / asE) too / therefore

39


4 7 1) He said I was submitting my application 4 7 7 ) If we are to prevent the flow of toxicform rather late, but now I find ------- havestill not submitted ------- .

A) most / theirB) none / anyC) many / itD) others / theirsE) a few / these

4 7 2 ) In order to understand the implications ofresearch ------- brain development one has tomake a systematic study ------- what childrenknow.A) on / intoB) for / byC) through / beyondD) over / atE) after / before

4 7 3 ) The arrival of Europeans in Americadislocated traditional ways of life andaltered the world ------- recognition.

A) forB) beyondC) atD) offE) from

4 7 4 ) I sent an mail to everyone in the department,asking for articles for this special issue, but------- there has been no response.

A) so longB) on timeC) until thenD) even laterE) so far

4 7 5 ) The crisis is particularly serious ------- awhole series of related issues ranging fromunemployment to health benefits areinvolved.

A) so asB) as well asC) in order thatD) as forE) since

4 7 6 ) He felt that soil drainage should be kept to aminimum ------- much of the rainfall could beretained ------- soil moisture.

A) so that / asB) even though / such asC) whereas / likeD) whereby / suchE) whether / or

materials into the water reservoirs of thecountry, there is no other possible schemeavailable, ------- ?

A) isn't itB) aren't weC) is thereD) isn't thereE) are we

4 7 8 ) It looks ------- the hiring committee isn'timpressed by his qualifications, and I don'tthink the manager of the company is, ------- .

A) like / alsoB) as if / eitherC) so that / as wellD) though / tooE) just as / neither

4 7 9 ) If he ------ the conditions of the insurancepolicy carefully, he ------- that it did not coversuch eventualities.

A) has read / realisedB) reads / has realisedC) is reading / realisesD) were reading / had realisedE) had read / would have realised

4 8 0 ) Ever since the advent of industrialisation,social scientists -------- the term "themasses" to "the people".

A) have preferredB) had preferredC) will have preferredD) would have preferredE) would prefer

4 8 1) In the 1960s, the modernist idea that there------ only one authentic style for the modernage ----- in favour of the ideas of the pluralityof styles.

A) could be / will have been rejectedB) can be / is rejectedC) could have been / is being rejectedD) could be / was rejectedE) can be / would be rejected

4 8 2 ) When photography first appeared, somepeople predicted that it -------- the death ofpainting.

A) will have causedB) will causeC) would have causedD) causedE) would cause

40


4 8 3 ) In the end, he admitted that he -------- the fire-------- at such a speed.

A) hadn't expected / to spreadB) didn't expect / to have spreadC) wasn't expecting / spreadingD) hadn't been expecting / having spreadE) wouldn't expect / to be spreading

4 8 4 ) The name Adonis was given -------- a streamrising in Mount Lebanon which runs red-------- the soil of the hills after a sudden fallof rain.

A) in / byB) for / inC) at / fromD) to / withE) by / over

4 8 5 ) In the Franco-Prussian war, balloons wereused to maintain the city's contacts --------the outside world ------- the siege of Paris.

A) from / overB) with / duringC) for / atD) through / inE) out of / under

4 8 6 ) The sustaining role of the family may gounappreciated ------- the younger members,but the older ones are fully aware -------- itsvalue.

A) for / fromB) by / ofC) from / offD) to / byE) with / into

4 8 7 ) Wellington's abandonment of an attempt tomake a Tory government was not -------- dueto the threats of civil war -------- to Peel'srefusal to join a Tory government.

A) so far / as ifB) as / asC) as much / thanD) so much / asE) even / more

4 8 8 ) Income tax can be fitted more closely to theindividual taxpayer's ability than -------- tax.

A) any otherB) anyC) otherD) someE) one another

4 8 9 ) The occupational psychologist is oftenregarded by industrialists as being--------academic to serve any practical purpose.

A) too muchB) soC) tooD) moreE) as much

4 9 0 ) In the works of many twentieth-centurydramatists, it is possible to see ------- theindividual writer's ideas and experience ------some of the social and politicaldevelopments of his period.

A) as much / asB) not only / but alsoC) only / such asD) more / thanE) whether / or

4 9 1) --------- Henri Toulous Lautrec, a Frenchpainter who was happy to design postersand to illustrate books, many modern artistshave found it necessary to supplement theirincomes in various ways.A) Due toB) FirstlyC) DespiteD) In case ofE) Like

4 9 2 ) Many of the company's shareholders feltthat such a drastic change in pol icy wasunnecessary, and ------- .

A) I would, tooB) neither did IC) so did ID) I wouldn't eitherE) I don't either

4 9 3 ) ------- the past few decades South Korea,Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong haveachieved the fastest rates ------- economicgrowth the world has ever seen.

A) Within / atB) During / ofC) In / overD) After / inE) Over / about

4 9 4 ) The works of the ancient Greek physicianHippocrates commonly known as the"Hippocratic Collection", consist ------- about70 works, ------- which only a relatively smallnumber are possible by him.

A) in / forB) for / inC) of / ofD) at / aboutE) by / within

41


4 9 5 ) ------- the computerized Dutch auction 5 0 1) Until the eighteenth century comparativesystem, the flower industry gets flowers intoour homes when they are still ------- theirbest.

A) Under / atB) At / inC) From / withD) Until / toE) Within / for

4 9 6 ) Diesel engines are more efficient thangasoline engines ------- the fact that a largerproportion of the fuel used is burned.

A) consequentlyB) followingC) owing toD) contrary toE) so that

4 9 7 ) The great bulk of industrial work nowadaysinvolves the use of machines, and it iscertain that mechanization will proceed ------in the future.

A) as well asB) on the other handC) just asD) ever sinceE) further still

4 9 8 ) Let's take the ferry to Bandırma from whereit's only a short drive to Bursa, ------- drivingall the way from Ğstanbul to Bursa.

A) as well asB) more thanC) besidesD) instead ofE) except for

4 9 9 ) Few things ------- unnerved the Spanishconquerors of the New World ------- theprospect of death on Aztec sacrificial stone.

A) as / asB) so / asC) not only / but alsoD) neither / norE) so / that

5 0 0 ) Some anthropologists think that man todayis ------- honest -------- he was hundreds andthousands of years ago.

A) much / asB) the less / thanC) the least / ofD) little / asE) less / than

linguistic studies did not progress -------beyond the stage where ancient Greek andRoman grammarians had left them.

A) so much asB) too muchC) eitherD) very muchE) just in case

5 0 2 ) Julius Caesar ------- a great historian if themaking of history ------- him the time and theinclination to write it.

A) could be / could have allowedB) would be / allowedC) had been / would have allowedD) would have been / could allowE) could have been / had allowed

5 0 3 ) Early in 1940, when Europe was already atwar, Hitler ------- the sale of uranium from theCzech mines he ------- over.

A) has banned / has takenB) had banned / tookC) banned / had takenD) bans / was takingE) was banning / had been taking

5 0 4 ) Physics, as it ------- at the end of thenineteenth century, ------- to as classicalphysics.

A) has been known / might be referredB) is known / has beenC) had been known / had been referredD) was known / is referredE) might have been known / was referred

5 0 5 ) Sometimes people select certain foods thatthey believe ------- their physical appearanceand avoid those they believe -------detrimental.

A) have improved / would have beenB) are improving / wereC) improve / might beD) improved / had beenE) would have improved / have been

5 0 6 ) Much health education in recent years -------towards the view that heavy drinker -------subject for amusement but for practicalhelp.

A) has been directed / is notB) was being directed / wouldn't beC) is directed / won't beD) had been directed / was notE) is being directed / hasn't been

42


5 0 7 ) It is not unusual for advertising campaigns------- even before the new products -------onto the market.

A) to have been launched / have comeB) to be launched / comeC) being launched / will comeD) having been launched / are comingE) to have been launched / will have come

5 0 8 ) Galileo originated the method of controlledexperiment ------- now forms the basis ofscientific investigation.

A) whatB) whoC) whereD) whomE) which

5 0 9 ) Unfortunately, the world's forest -------- atsuch a rate that the remaining tropicalrainforests ------- by the middle of thecentury.

A) will be logged / would have been destroyedB) has been logged / is destroyedC) is being logged / will have been destroyedD) was being logged / is being destroyedE) would be logged / were being destroyed

5 10 ) The continuing controversy -------- in 1924 byP. Hubble, who found that the great spiralnebula in Andromeda -------- Cepheldvariables.

A) was being settled / has containedB) has been settled / containsC) had been settled / containedD) was settled / containedE) would be settled / contain

5 11) If weather forecasters -------- warnings ofstorms on time telecommunicationscompanies -------- to take steps to protecttheir satellites.

A) could have provided / had been ableB) could be providing / will be ableC) can provide / would have been ableD) could have provided / should be ableE) could provide / would be able

5 12 ) Up to the present time, oceanographers ------lots of seafloor mountains they --------existed.

A) were finding / don't knowB) have found / haven't knownC) are finding / didn't knowD) will find / wouldn't knowE) will have found / hadn't know

5 13 ) It was the first canal of the US artificialwaterways built -------- the Great Lakes withsea.

A) connectingB) to be connectedC) to have connectedD) to connectE) having connected

5 14 ) Had she realised just how potentiallydangerous her discovery was, she wouldsurely have suppressed it, ------?

A) didn't sheB) wouldn't sheC) hadn't sheD) wasn't itE) wouldn't it

5 15 ) The prohibition -------- growing some sorts ofplants without official permission preventsfarmers -------- growing anything by anymeans.

A) over / overB) in / toC) from / throughD) on / fromE) of / by

5 16 ) ------ what extent does her book deal ----- theproblem of light pollution?

A) To / withB) On / toC) With / aboutD) For / inE) At / by

5 17 ) There is a discussion -------- sending abacterium, genetically engineered to digestatomic wastes -------- a space shuttle toMars.

A) about / overB) of / onC) for / withD) for / afterE) over / from

5 18 ) The laboratory team endeavours ------ togenerate power as efficiently and cheaply aspossible, ----- to apply it economically.

A) so / unlessB) even / just asC) not only / but alsoD) as much / as ifE) most / that

43


5 19 ) Chemical industry in the world developedvery quickly from 1935 ------, especially inthe organic sector of the industry.

A) onwardsB) upwardsC) afterwardsD) outwardsE) towards

5 2 0 ) ------- any outside impacts, certain chemicalimpurities would make such explosivesunstable if they were kept in warmconditions.A) InvolvingB) IncludingC) In caseD) Contrary toE) Even without

5 2 1) --------- just simply transmitting voice, theJoint Testical Radios System (JTR S), as thePentagon refers to it, will also be able tocarry video and data transmissionssimultaneously.

A) Rather thanB) According toC) Due toD) In contrast toE) In spite of

5 2 2 ) Repair and maintenance are perhaps themost important ones of the numerous tasks-------- engineers are responsible for in timeof a disaster.

A) by whichB) what forC) whichD) thatE) for whom

5 2 3 ) Meanwhile, unemployment ------- a vast scalehit basic industries, and a series of strik esemphasised the contrast ------- labour idealsand post-war effects.

A) through / throughB) in / overC) to / amongD) over / underE) on / between

5 2 4 ) The Janissaries were mainly recruited -------conquered Christian lands and gained greatpower ------- Süleyman The Magnificent inthe 16th century.

A) across / afterB) from / overC) within / byD) in / underE) over / before

5 2 5 ) The union of Great Britain and Ireland finallycame ------- force ------- 1st , January, 1980,through ambitious efforts of wisepoliticians.

A) by / untilB) at / atC) into / onD) with / throughE) on / in

5 2 6 ) In the States, a person travelling 10 miles towork every day by train instead of by carsaves ------- 34 gallons of petrol per year.

A) as much asB) the mostC) so much moreD) equal toE) even more

5 2 7 ) The new organisation ------- advises privateenterprises on their staff problems, ------gives vocational advice to school leavers.

A) both / butB) thus / alsoC) more / andD) even / soE) not only / but also

5 2 8 ) ------- business plans were failing tomaterialise, while ------ were progressing at avery high speed.

A) Those / eachB) All / eitherC) Each / anotherD) Some / othersE) Any / none

5 2 9 ) ------- fighting the bitterly cold temperatures,any explorer attempting to do researches inthe Arctic has ------- to battle with the strongtidal pull on the ice.

A) Besides / alsoB) As well as / even soC) In spite of / as muchD) Including / moreoverE) Contrary to / nevertheless

5 3 0 ) Although every philosopher since Plato ------the relationship between humour andlaughter, Freud ------- the first person to putforward a conclusive theory.

A) has considered / wasB) considered / would beC) was considering / isD) would consider / has beenE) has been considering / had been

44


5 3 1) When I accidentally broke Mr. ’santique bowl, he made me feel as if I ------- acriminal.

A) am beingB) have beenC) amD) wereE) had been

5 3 2 ) Without doubt the position of the smallerenterprises ------- only slightly even if allthese changes ------- .

A) has improved / had been introducedB) would improve / were introducedC) will improve / would be introducedD) improved / have been introducedE) would have improved / will be introduced

5 3 3 ) The authorities in Malaysia ------- that thecountry's highly qualified youngresearchers -------- by foreign companies ascheap labour.

A) are worrying / were usedB) were worried / have been usedC) are worried / are being usedD) worry / had been usedE) have worried / will have been used

5 3 4 ) William Shakespeare is considered t o havebeen the most important literary person inBritain although, as we -------, there -------many other English poets and novelistsbefore him.A) know / wereB) have known / had beenC) knew / have beenD) had known / areE) might have known / would have been

5 3 5 ) Despite the fact that several people madesimilar suggestions, ------- of Mr.were met with ------- approval.

A) some / allB) those / everyone'sC) any / hisD) most / oursE) which / nobody's

5 3 6 ) It is almost impossible to find anothercouple ------ opinions on every matter are thesame.

A) whichB) whoC) thatD) whoseE) what

5 3 7 ) Scientists estimate that the wildlife will be------- danger of extinction within forty yearsas long as numbers diminish ------- this rate.

A) in / atB) by / onC) over / fromD) under / fromE) at / throughout

5 3 8 ) All cells, whether they come from animals,plants or bacteria, contain ------- elements invery nearly ------ proportions.

A) more / thanB) the more / moreC) some / the mostD) the same / the sameE) the other / the most

5 3 9 ) Recommendations to reduce severaldiseases' risks cover ------- screening -------intervention.

A) either / butB) more / thanC) such / thatD) some / just asE) both / and

5 4 0 ) Under suitable circumstances, unsaturatedfats, such as those found in olive oil, areusually liquid, ------- saturated fats, such asthose found in butter, are solid.

A) whereasB) besidesC) unlessD) whetherE) as far as

5 4 1) France, which is one of the largest marketfor mobile phones, plans to limit their use----- growing concern about the effects ofelectromagnetic radiation on the brain.

A) in order toB) as a result ofC) despiteD) by means ofE) in terms of

5 4 2 ) -------- two-thirds of the energy an averageperson spends every day supports thebody's metabolic activities.

A) Much ofB) ProvidedC) At leastD) Such asE) So

45


5 4 3 ) In his book the psychiatrist Martin Grotjohnclaims that ------- a baby begins to smile andlaugh, ------ intelligent he or she is likely toprove it.

A) the earlier / the moreB) as early / as muchC) earlier / moreD) the earliest / the mostE) as early as / the most

5 4 4 ) If there ------- and delay in getting her tohospital, the consequence of the event ------fatal.

A) is / would have beenB) were / will have beenC) has been / isD) will be / would beE) had been / could have been

5 4 5 ) The use of preservatives in foodmanufacturing ------- steadily over the pastfew decades and ------- no signs of abating.

A) had risen / would showB) would rise / wil showC) has risen / showsD) would have risen / had shownE) rose / will show

5 4 6 ) Provided that he ------- reasonable care ofhimself, the old man has every chance of------- a complete recovery.

A) has taken / having been madeB) took / having madeC) will take / being madeD) takes / makingE) was taking / having to make

5 4 7 ) A new booklet ------- which ------ to give theinterested layman an overall picture ofcontemporary medicine.

A) is being published / will have beendesigned

B) has been published / has been designedC) had been published / had designedD) would have been published / designedE) will have published / is being designed

5 4 8 ) When their body size is considered,mammals and birds have much larger brainsthan ------- .

A) that other vertebrates haveB) are other vertebratesC) other vertebrates doD) other vertebrates areE) another vertebrate can

5 4 9 ) Workers who inhale large quantities -------manganese dust ------- a long period of time,may show symptoms of a brain disease.

A) from / duringB) out of / inC) by / beforeD) of / overE) through / after

5 5 0 ) Some diseases are caused ------- asinglcelled parasite that invades the redblood cells ------- its host.

A) from / inB) through / fromC) of / ofD) out of / inE) by / of

5 5 1) The problem with antiseptics is that -------killing germs, they ------- kill the surroundingtissues.

A) far / fromB) so far as / tooC) as much as / bothD) besides / as wellE) as well as / also

5 5 2 ) Beethoven’s seventeen string quartetteshold ------- the same position in chambermusic ------- his symphonies hold in theorchestral repertoire.

A) as / thatB) much / asC) quite / whetherD) just / whatE) thus / than

5 5 3 ) Post offices don't have enough space tocope ------- the tremendous increase -------demand for PO boxes.

A) with / inB) on / ofC) up / forD) for / uponE) through / from

5 5 4 ) Even prior to the 1930's, Swedish banksplayed an important role ----- the financing------- long-term industrial projects.

A) at / forB) for / inC) in / ofD) by / withE) into / over

46


5 5 5 ) In Belgium, compensation ------- accidents atwork and occupational illness is exclusivelythe concern ------- employers.

A) over / fromB) in / byC) from / forD) for / ofE) at / over

5 5 6 ) More than ------- invention of the last eightyyears or so, television has been the mostharmful to family life.

A) some otherB) anotherC) the otherD) any moreE) any other

5 5 7 ) Our sales are down again this month, -------

A) and they also areB) and so are theirsC) and neither are theirsD) but theirs aren't eitherE) but they are too

5 5 8 ) Several important ports, ------- export timber,are situated on the shores of the White Sea.

A) most of whichB) that many of themC) those whichD) whichever of themE) of which they

5 5 9 ) Once the occupying forces -------, manyseemingly innocent people were accused of------- with the enemy.

A) were leaving / to have been collaboratedB) were leaving /collaboratedC) have left / being collaboratingD) will leave / collaboratingE) had left / having collaborating

5 6 0 ) Although the metropolitan theatres ------- amonopoly there for a long time, recentlyseveral private theatres -------

A) would hold / are being openedB) had hold / had been openedC) were holding / will be openedD) held / have been openedE) have held / were opened

5 6 1) In 1906 at Bo₣azköy, several thousandcuneiform tablets ------- and most of them------- now on exhibit in the Anatoliancivilizations museum in Ankara.

A) have been discovered / wereB) were discovered / areC) have been discovered / had beenD) would have been discovered / are beingE) had discovered / have been

5 6 2 ) One oil company, in particular, claims -------its best to balance economic progress withenvironmental care and soci alresponsibility.

A) to be doneB) having doneC) doingD) having been doneE) to have done

5 6 3 ) Had it not been for the variety and flexibilityof its trades, Huddersfield, like so many ofthe other textile towns, ------- into a declinein the 20th century.

A) was goingB) had goneC) would have goneD) would goE) had been gone

5 6 4 ) ------- the letters written by so many parents,the headmaster agreed not to expel theboys.

A) In response toB) With reference toC) In case ofD) Apart fromE) Pertaining to

5 6 5 ) Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic andunspectacular, ------- did he go to war andthat was when he invaded France.

A) this onceB) never beforeC) once againD) only onceE) once more

5 6 6 ) Bennett's novel “The Old Wives's Tale” isthe one ------- he is likely to be best knownby posterity.

A) whoseB) for whomC) by whichD) in whichE) that

5 6 7 ) Infectious diseases are those which arecaused ------- an invasion of the body -------organisms from outside.

A) by / byB) through / withC) over / throughD) in / withoutE) upon / within

47


5 6 8 ) He looked ------- nervously ------- his shoulderhoping that no one was paying him anyattention.

A) out / ofB) up / throughC) back / overD) down / fromE) in / for

5 6 9 ) We know nothing at all about the company'snew chairman ------- that he's just had hisfiftieth birthday.

A) sinceB) insteadC) in caseD) on conditionE) except

5 7 0 ) ------- wins will be expected to take the restof us for a meal.

A) WhoeverB) WhoC) WhomeverD) WhomsoeverE) Whatever

5 7 1) Today, ------- rapid transportation andcommunications, the whole world isbecoming one community with commoneconomic interests.

A) as long asB) in spite ofC) just asD) because ofE) such as

5 7 2 ) Of all the drugs that have been prescribedso far, this has proved to be ------- effectiveone.

A) mostB) the mostC) moreD) just asE) the more

5 7 3 ) Of course nobody knows what the outcomeof the election -------, but at the momentMalcolm ------- as the most likely candidate.

A) would have been / is being regardedB) is / has been regardedC) was / would have been regardedD) will be / is regardedE) has been / has been regarded

5 7 4 ) The doctors are of the opinion that if thedisorder ------- a few months earlier, it -------treated successfully.

A) had been diagnosed / could have beenB) were diagnosed / would beC) has been diagnosed / will beD) is being diagnosed / is beingE) were to be diagnosed / has been

5 7 5 ) He's certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company beintroduced step by step, and ------- .

A) so I amB) so am IC) so do ID) I do, tooE) I also do

5 7 6 ) Several members of the research teamhaven't handed in their reports yet, and Imust admit I haven't --------- .

A) as wellB) tooC) eitherD) alsoE) neither

5 7 7 ) Acid rain only became a ---------environmental issue in the 1980s followinggroundbreaking studies in the 1970s.

A) previousB) deceitfulC) recklessD) destructiveE) prominent

5 7 8 ) Using the dam to genarate power would not--------- the treaty with the neighbouringcountry, but diverting water out of the river.

A) intimidateB) betrayC) violateD) convertE) fetch

5 7 9 ) The --------- that terrorists use the moneyfrom regions that finance them to theirtarget country are often identical to thoseused by criminal gangs.

A) regulationsB) methodsC) provisionsD) lawsE) admissions

48


5 8 0 ) In the wake of yet another financial scandal,the chief accountant handed in his --------- tothe director.

A) retirementB) redundancyC) promotionD) resignationE) vacancy

5 8 1) The American constitution with its variousconstraints --------- to protect citizens canactually shield criminals.

A) discoveredB) complainedC) persuadedD) designedE) displayed

5 8 2 ) The foreman has a way of making mostpeople do what he wants, but somehow Idon't think he'll manage to --------- the newdirector!

A) get aroundB) make up forC) turn overD) keep up withE) rule out

5 8 3 ) The man who created the firs computervirus has been sentenced to 20 months inan American federal prison, it is generallyagreed that he has been --------- very lightly.

A) shown uponB) let offC) taken downD) given upE) brought in

5 8 4 ) The members of the special commissionson crime, some of --------- were appointed bythe mayor, still meet on a regular basis.

A) thatB) whoseC) whomD) whoE) which

5 8 5 ) --------- the Civil War, those years turned outto be golden era for the manganeseindustry.

A) DespiteB) ObviouslyC) AlthoughD) Pertaining toE) Nevertheless

5 8 6 ) Unfortunately, --------- stamping out thedrugs trade, these programs are simplyforcing drug growers to move into moreinaccessible regions.

A) besidesB) rather thanC) in addition toD) due toE) as for

5 8 7 ) Indeed, the situation is such that chairmanhas finally promised to implement --------- thecommittee recommends.

A) whoeverB) howeverC) if everD) as everE) whatever

5 8 8 ) Unfortunately, --------- current productivitygrowth looks impressive, the rise in profitsover the coming years is likely to provedisappointing.

A) sinceB) just asC) even thoughD) ifE) which

5 8 9 ) The biggest accounting issue raised ---------the energy company is --------- accountingstandards.

A) by / overB) to / toC) for / underD) through / withinE) from / into

5 9 0 ) Crying which starts, --------- birth, is analarm system that attracts the parent and itcan be switched off --------- parentalattention.

A) with / forB) at / byC) for / withD) from / onE) by / through

5 9 1) Since 1998, US federal government hasmore than doubled its spending ---------defence --------- biological weapons andchemical weapons.

A) for / withB) of / toC) on / againstD) in / fromE) with / over

49


5 9 2 ) Items --------- display in this museum wereobtained --------- mosques, Turkish baths,fountains and caravanserais dating back tothe Ottoman period.

A) on / fromB) in / byC) for / out ofD) within / ofE) with / at

5 9 3 ) Following Fours Mars mission losses, anindependent report paints a very clearpicture of --------- what ails the US spaceprogram, --------- what must be done fix to it.

A) whether / throughB) either / orC) how / andD) thus / thatE) not only / but also

5 9 4 ) Basically a country has two objec tives inimposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue forgovernment, --------- is to protect homeindustries by raising the price of competinggoods from abroad.A) otherB) bothC) anotherD) the otherE) each

5 9 5 ) This part of Africa is growing greener again--------- that families who fled to wettercoastal regions are starting to go home.

A) so farB) to such an extentC) even soD) as a resultE) even more

5 9 6 ) While the parades for the opening ofparliament --------- , the president --------- asobering message for his countrymen.

A) had rehearsed / preparedB) have been rehearsed / has preparedC) were being rehearsed / was preparingD) are rehearsing / is preparingE) had been rehearsed / would prepare

5 9 7 ) Though we still --------- a long way to go, alot of --------- in developing now medicalprocedures to deal with diseased issue.

A) had had / had been accomplishedB) had / has been accomplishedC) have had / was accomplishedD) are having / was being accomplishedE) have / is being accomplished

5 9 8 ) Soon customs officers --------- to use X-raytechnology --------- cavities in vehicles fordrugs.

A) have been able / having scannedB) are able / scannedC) were able / to be scannedD) will be able / to scanE) would have been able to / to have scanned

5 9 9 ) As acquisition opportunities within the EU--------- less, western European energycompanies --------- to turn eastwards in thehunt for expansion opportunities .A) grow / are being forcedB) will grow / would have been forcedC) are growing / would be forcedD) have grown / had been forcedE) grew / have been forced

6 0 0 ) If Britain --------- the euro, say in 2006, thestability pact --------- highly important.

A) will be joining / is becomingB) has joined / will have becomeC) will have joined / will becomeD) would join / has becomeE) were to join / would become

6 0 1) Whatever else --------- the British Empire forso long, it was not Britain's educationsystem.

A) was sustainedB) has sustainedC) sustainsD) sustainedE) to have sustained

6 0 2 ) Studies of the survivors of the atomic bombblasts and radiation accidents have ---------demonstrated the leukemogenic eff ect ofradiation.

A) reluctantlyB) properlyC) sensitivelyD) unmistakablyE) understandably

6 0 3 ) Malnutrition and undernutrition are not -------to the Third World; they also occur inaffluent societies.

A) exposedB) permittedC) restrictedD) disposedE) convinced

50


6 0 4 ) In the past 25 years, new knowledge aboutcancer has led to changes in dietary ---------for the public.

A) disordersB) admissionsC) obligationsD) obsessionsE) recommendations

6 0 5 ) Biotechnology offers opportunities toimprove the quality and --------- value offoods.

A) nutritionalB) conditionalC) collectiveD) deceptiveE) complacent

6 0 6 ) Our paediatrician said we should alway s--------- her if the little boy’s temperaturecontinued for more than 24 hours.

A) come acrossB) get in touch withC) look forward toD) make up toE) look into

6 0 7 ) Only after a great deal of pressure had been--------- the registrar did he agree to give upthe recovery ward in favour of a secondoperating theatre.

A) weighed upB) taken toC) put onD) brought downE) turned over

6 0 8 ) He claims he has --------- a cure for thecommon cold, but I don’t suppose he has.

A) waited forB) made sure ofC) put throughD) taken care ofE) come up with

6 0 9 ) Over morphological lesions are relativelylate manifestations of nutritional disorderand may be preceded --------- long periods oftime --------- functional deficits.

A) through / toB) in / fromC) for / byD) over / forE) at / through

6 10 ) If Julie --------- herself like that while wewere away, she --------- from anorexianervosa today.

A) hasn’t starved / wouldn’t sufferB) didn’t starve / isn’t sufferingC) hadn’t starved / wouldn’t be sufferingD) wouldn’t starve / won’t be sufferingE) wasn’t starving / isn’t suffering

6 11) Health Watch, which, initially at least, ---------by pharmaceutical companies, --------- anaggressive campaign against naturalmedicines.

A) was financed / is wagingB) had financed / was wagingC) has been financed / had wagedD) was being financed / had been wagingE) will be financed / would wage

6 12 ) From time to time, many different theories ofheredity --------- , only some of which ---------valid now.

A) had been advanced / had beenB) were advanced / would beC) are advanced / wereD) have been advanced / areE) will be advanced / would be

6 13 ) It would be foolish of them not ---------genetic advice as their first child wasabnormal.

A) to seekB) having soughtC) to have soughtD) seekingE) being sought

6 14 ) The students who ------- a top grade inpharmacology were admitted topostgraduate studies.

A) have receivedB) had receivedC) receiveD) will receiveE) are receiving

6 15 ) Depression could be one of the fastestgrowing ailments of the 21 st century, ---------young and unmarried people most ---------risk.A) about / inB) for / fromC) through / ofD) of / onE) with / at

51


6 16 ) Unfortunately, adults don’t usually offer 6 2 2 ) Once the director --------- just how much wasearly adolescents --------- warm indulgenceand social protection than they provided adecade earlier.

A) tooB) as muchC) moreD) the sameE) such as

6 17 ) Many of my colleagues work with radiation,but they don’t seem to have been adverselyaffected by it, and --------- .

A) neither do IB) I have tooC) neither was ID) nor was IE) nor did I

6 18 ) In Africa, the irresponsible sewagedischarge of an exclusive hotel graduallyput an end to the seafood harvest on ---------a local village depended for its liveli hood.

A) thatB) whichC) whatD) whereE) whom

6 19 ) The inquiry into the foot and mouthepidemic will bring together veterinaryscientists, virologists and epidemiologists--------- the representatives of farming andconsumer groups.

A) as well asB) such asC) especiallyD) as to asE) but for

6 2 0 ) Scientists wondered --------- Dolly, thecloned sheep, would live a normal life span--------- simply live out the remaining years ofthe sheep from which she had been clon ed.

A) more / thanB) so / thatC) whether / orD) neither / norE) just / as

6 2 1) Professional tennis, which got its start in1926 when the French player SuzanneLenglen --------- 50,000 US dollars for a tour,only --------- full recognition in 1960.

A) had been paid / has receivedB) was paid / receivedC) has been paid / would receiveD) is paid / receivesE) would be paid / had received

at stake, he --------- immediate steps to dealwith the dispute.

A) realizes / will takeB) has realized / had takenC) had realized / tookD) realized / takesE) would realize / has taken

6 2 3 ) The once radical notion that birds ---------from dinosaurs --------- stronger andstronger since palaeontologists first startedtaking it seriously a couple of decades ago.A) have descended / grewB) had descended / had grownC) descend / is growingD) descended / has grownE) are descending / was growing

6 2 4 ) Throughout his term in office, PresidentClinton --------- by allegations relating to theWhite-water real estate deal in which he andhis wife, Hillary Clinton, --------- prior to the1999 election.

A) is dogged / are involvedB) had been dogged / were involvedC) was dogged / had been involvedD) has been dogged / have been involvedE) was being dogged / may have been

involved6 2 5 ) The essays taken together tell the story of

how the US became an economic power--------- a scale unprecedented --------- history.

A) for / withB) at / byC) with / fromD) thought / atE) on / in

6 2 6 ) --------- the surprise of the archaeologists,the structures turned out to be the remains--------- two domed tombs, each over athousand years old.

A) At / fromB) For / byC) With / overD) To / ofE) By / through

6 2 7 ) More than 29 million Africans are nowinfected with HIV, and the disease is killing--------- Africans --------- all the continent'swars combined.

A) so many / asB) either / orC) more / thanD) not only / but alsoE) both / and

52


6 2 8 ) He did --------- better in the interview ---------any of the other applicants.

A) much / asB) rather / thanC) as / forD) stil / withE) far / from

6 2 9 ) Geographical Information System toolsprovide specialised functions for spatialdata input, processing, analysis and output,--------- Database Management System toolsprovide more advanced functions forstoring and managing large spatialdatabases.A) thatB) due toC) whileD) whetherE) in that

6 3 0 ) Photosynthesis is the process --------- greenplants manufacture carbohydrates, usingthe energy of sunlight.

A) as whenB) on whichC) whereD) by whichE) since

6 3 1) -------- economic development projects indeveloping countries are carefully thoughtout and implemented, they can actuallycontribute to environmental deterioration.

A) Provided thatB) UnlessC) SinceD) So long asE) Whenever

6 3 2 ) Until the time of World War II, it --------- thathuman beings --------- to the requirements oftechnological systems with great ease.

A) is assumed / adaptedB) has been assumed / were adaptingC) was assumed / are adaptingD) had been assumed / could adaptE) assumed / have adapted

6 3 3 ) In his acknowledgement, the writer thankedhis wife for the support she --------- him whilehe --------- the book.

A) had given / was writingB) gave / is writingC) gives / has been writingD) has given / will be writingE) was giving / had written

6 3 4 ) Since Swedish industrial relationships --------so many fundamental changes, it is hardlysurprising that the existence of a "Swedishmodel" --------- .

A) were undergoing / will be questionedB) underwent / has been questionedC) had undergone / had been questionedD) are undergoing / was being questionedE) have undergone / is being questioned

6 3 5 ) If it --------- for the severe air pollution of1952, which was responsible for 4,000deaths, the UK Clean Air Act of 1956 --------- .

A) weren't / hadn't been passedB) was not / won't be passedC) hadn't been / wouldn't have been passedD) wouldn't be / hadn't been passedE) isn't / was not passed

6 3 6 ) ---------- corporations grow in size anddiversity, the difficulty of managingemployee relations increases.

A) LestB) In caseC) WhetherD) So thatE) As

6 3 7 ) --------- had so many people complained soloudly for so little cause.

A) Only onceB) For the first timeC) At the beginningD) Up to this timeE) From the start

6 3 8 ) Multinational companies account for ---------60 per cent of trade in manufactured goodsin the developed world.

A) so muchB) no less thanC) rather thanD) as far asE) by no means

6 3 9 ) The period --------- which Margaret Maepainted the Amazon flora coincided ---------the time when the Amazon rain forest wasbeing destroyed.

A) on / fromB) in / atC) at / onD) during / withE) for / by

53


6 4 0 ) Some delicate fruits and vegetables need toripen gradually as they make their way -------producer nations to consumer markets -------the globe.

A) from / aroundB) with / onC) for / inD) of / overE) through / through

6 4 1) The purpose of this bridge project is ---------to eliminate the cause of such accidents--------- to keep traffic moving at a steadyrate.

A) only / but alsoB) both / andC) not only / andD) as much / thanE) so / as

6 4 2 ) The term "man-machine system" fellsomewhat into disrepute and was replacedby "person-machine system" --------- theneed to avoid sexist language.

A) contrary toB) despiteC) in case ofD) in accordance withE) instead of

6 4 3 ) The slavery issue was --------- one reason--------- the northern and southern statesfought against each other during the USCivil War.

A) on the other hand / whichB) as such / whereasC) only / whyD) moreover / thatE) thus / in that

6 4 4 ) The United Nations has, on numerousoccasions, tried to assert its authority tomediate a dispute between nations, ---------has often been ineffective --------- the nationsinvolved refused to acknowledge the right ofthe United Nations to intervene.A) yet / thatB) but / becauseC) either / orD) therefore / because ofE) however / as far as

6 4 5 ) This is not a new theory; quite a lot ofscientists ------- on it for several decades.

A) would have workedB) had workedC) have been workingD) would workE) have to work

6 4 6 ) If the equipment ------- us on time, we -------the bridge by now.

A) would have reached / could completeB) reached / had completedC) reaches / will have completedD) will reach / can completeE) had reached / could have completed

6 4 7 ) Unfortunately there was an electricity cutjust as we ------- the new computer.

A) are installingB) would installC) have installedD) were installingE) will install

6 4 8 ) It is recommended that you wear a helmet inthis part of the plant, but it's up to you; you------- .

A) have got toB) will have toC) shouldn't haveD) need toE) don't have to

6 4 9 ) ------- a piece of metal is denser than water, itsinks in water.

A) Because ofB) WhileC) SinceD) DespiteE) Therefore

6 5 0 ) ------- he was aware of the dangers of thiskind of research, he still continued with theproject.

A) IfB) Even thoughC) So thatD) WhereasE) However

6 5 1) ------- the semester is over, Dr. Baines willsupervise the sinking of the shaft as itseems likely that they'll strike oil.

A) In order thatB) As a resultC) If onlyD) OnceE) In case

6 5 2 ) It took him several months to set ------- theexperiment, but results are beginning tocome ------- now.

A) up / inB) off / overC) in / upD) over / outE) back / through

54


6 5 3 ) Obviously, during the Second World War,many scientists were involved ------- thedevelopment of new weapons.

A) byB) inC) atD) throughE) about

6 5 4 ) An honorary degree will be conferred uponthe physicist ------- contributions to energystudies have proved the most beneficial.

A) whichB) whoC) whoseD) thatE) whom

6 5 5 ) Is that the professor ------- received theNobel Prize in chemistry?

A) whomB) whoseC) whereD) whichE) who

6 5 6 ) Diary farming has received a lot of coveragein the media lately, ------ on account of thedry season ------- because of the radiationscare.

A) both / more thanB) more / even soC) only / alsoD) not only / but alsoE) such / as well as

6 5 7 ) Thanks to improvements in car design, -------of the power produced is wasted in frict ion------- was formerly the case.

A) far less / thanB) as much / asC) a little / thanD) little / thanE) more / as

6 5 8 ) As regards the decision to modernize themines in the region, here is a report whichcontains ------- relevant information.

A) anotherB) anyC) manyD) aE) some

6 5 9 ) If I --------- a similar kind of research, I ---------on just two decades.A) will do / concentrateB) had done / concentratedC) have done / would have concentratedD) were doing / would concentrateE) did / will concentrate

6 6 0 ) The committee --------- the question fornearly an hour, and still hasn't come to adecision.

A) has been discussingB) had discussedC) will discussD) is discussingE) would discuss

6 6 1) Towards the end of the 5 th century, manypolitical and social changes --------- inEurope which --------- all countriesprofoundly.

A) had been occurring / had affectedB) were occurring / have affectedC) have occurred / will affectD) had occurred / would affectE) occurred / affected

6 6 2 ) Before I read Freud, I --------- dreams were ofso much significance.

A) haven't thoughtB) wouldn't thinkC) didn't thinkD) don't thinkE) wouldn't have thought

6 6 3 ) --------- the critics, the film is almost as goodas the novel itself.

A) With regard toB) According toC) Owing toD) ConcerningE) In comparison to

6 6 4 ) It is thought to be basically a Hittitesettlement --------- there are some traces ofearlier civilisations.

A) in spite ofB) even soC) insteadD) even thoughE) in case

6 6 5 ) The next meeting will be held ---------February, probably --------- the secondTuesday of the month.

A) in / onB) in / atC) at / inD) on / atE) at / on

6 6 6 ) Venice is joined to the mainland --------- roadand railway viaducts.

A) fromB) overC) byD) onE) off

55


6 6 7 ) The conference was a great disappointment;in fact, it was quite --------- I have everattended.

A) the worstB) as bad asC) worse thanD) so badE) the worse

6 6 8 ) The Sumerian King Ur-Anger was a greatruler --------- dominions extended from theGulf to the Mediterranean.

A) whomB) whoC) whichD) whoseE) that

6 6 9 ) In advertising it is important to decide --------you are aiming to attract.

A) by whomB) whoeverC) whoD) whichE) whose

6 7 0 ) I told him that the ultimate responsibility forsolving the problem was not ------- but ------- .

A) us / theirsB) his / meC) her / yoursD) him / oursE) mine / his

6 7 1) He said he would apply for the jobimmediately after he returned, --------- ?

A) did heB) didn't heC) would heD) hadn't heE) wouldn't he

6 7 2 ) The last exhibition I went to was ---------crowded that I could hardly see anything .

A) asB) tooC) moreD) soE) very

6 7 3 ) Before Alexander Fleming ------- penicillin, agreat many people ------- of meningitis.

A) has discovered / would dieB) discovered / diedC) will discover / have diedD) would discover / diedE) was discovering / were dying

6 7 4 ) When the new hospital ------- in March, you------- one of the first patients to be admitted.

A) opened / have beenB) will open / will beC) has opened / can have beenD) is opening / areE) opens / will be

6 7 5 ) Don't take him into the operating room untilthe anaesthetist ------- you to.

A) tellsB) will tellC) tellD) can tellE) told

6 7 6 ) Of all the medicines we have tested, this isobviously ------- effective.

A) muchB) moreC) lessD) a littleE) the most

6 7 7 ) The nurse claimed that it wasn't -------responsibility but the doctor's.

A) herselfB) herselfC) theirsD) herE) himself

6 7 8 ) If you had followed the doctor's advice, you------- a complete recovery by this time.

A) would makeB) would have madeC) had madeD) will makeE) were making

6 7 9 ) ------- she gave up smoking, she has enjoyedthe best of health.

A) AlthoughB) IfC) SinceD) ForE) When

6 8 0 ) Millions of children in these third worldcountries will suffer and die ------- theseinfectious diseases remain uncontrolled.

A) ifB) unlessC) as soon asD) howeverE) so as

56


6 8 1) He was advised not to discontinue this 6 8 8 ) Researchers disagree ------- whether a largemedicine ------- this might bring a recurrenceof the complaint.

A) so thatB) despiteC) untilD) asE) due to

6 8 2 ) The patient was not satisfied ------- thetreatment he received.

A) onB) forC) ofD) fromE) with

6 8 3 ) Be sure ------- take a look ------- the article oninfant mortality rates.

A) in / ofB) to / atC) of / forD) for / upE) by / from

6 8 4 ) AIDS is a disease ------- has given rise tomuch speculation.

A) whomB) whoseC) whatD) whichE) who

6 8 5 ) A lot of people want to become surgeons,but ------- make the grade.

A) fewB) not muchC) very littleD) anyE) all

6 8 6 ) A drug of this kind is ------- dangerous to besold without a prescription.

A) asB) justC) tooD) soE) enough

6 8 7 ) Acetic acid is used as a food ------- andflavouring material, and also in themanufacture of white lead.

A) preservativeB) decayC) absorptionD) solutionE) process

ocean ever existed on Mars, but one thing iscertain : Martian geology is turning ------- tobe strange and complex.

A) of / roundB) in / overC) for / upD) on / outE) about / in

6 8 9 ) Species become endangered and evenextinct ------- a variety of reasons, many ofwhich are related ------- human activities.

A) within / ofB) for / toC) with / forD) in / withE) over / through

6 9 0 ) Some scientists ------- us that the thermalblanket around the globe ------- the averagetemperature of the earth to rise.

A) were warning / has causedB) have been warning / was causingC) have warned / may causeD) had warmed / causedE) warn / will have caused

6 9 1) A theory ------- only when a hypothesis -------by consistent results from manyobservations or experiments.

A) may have been developed / was beingsupported

B) can be developed / has been supportedC) will be developed / was supportedD) has been developed / had been supportedE) had been developed / might have been

supported6 9 2 ) If transport costs ------- into consideration at

the outset, the plant ------- far from itspresent site.

A) will be taken / are being builtB) were taken / had been builtC) have been taken / have been builtD) were being taken / will be builtE) had been taken / would have been built

6 9 3 ) The first laser ------- in 1960 by Maimanalmost half a century after the publication ofEinstein's theory of radiation which -------the possibility of laser operation.

A) has been demonstrated / had shownB) had been demonstrated / showedC) was demonstrated / showedD) demonstrates / was shownE) was being demonstrated / shows

57


6 9 4 ) The advent of nuclear power------- the trendto use water-power on a large scale, andhydroelectric installations ------- in allindustrial countries with water powerpotential.

A) has not halted / are being builtB) did not halt / are builtC) would not halt / will be builtD) will not halt / were being builtE) had not halted / would be built

6 9 5 ) ------- many diverse animal forms exist -------exceptions can be found to almost anydefinition of an animal.

A) So / asB) As / asC) Whether / soD) So / thatE) Neither / nor

6 9 6 ) Products ------- diverse ------- rubber,tobacco, coffee, chocolate and aromatic oilsfor perfumes come from flowering plants.

A) too / thanB) as / asC) both / thanD) either / orE) not only / but also

6 9 7 ) The writers of this article seem to assumethe nuclear plants conform with safetyrequirements ------- the fact that violationsare constantly being reported

A) in caseB) althoughC) againstD) concerningE) despite

6 9 8 ) Pile foundations are costly and normallyeconomic only ------- commercial structureson valuable sites.

A) in the manner ofB) in the case ofC) in place ofD) in fulfilment ofE) in accordance with

6 9 9 ) The South African government hascommitted a further sum of money to theSouthern African Large Telescope (SALT),------- enables the construction of this gianttelescope to commence next year.A) whichB) thusC) by whichD) whoseE) for whom

7 0 0 ) Heat is transferred from ------- object ------- byconductions, convection and radiation.

A) either / to othersB) each / from the restC) any / with anotherD) some / through othersE) one / to another

7 0 1) The recent rise in drug addiction -------young people has been given publicity inthe media ------- all proportion to the size ofthe problem.

A) with / throughB) for / overC) in / aboveD) among / out ofE) between / from

7 0 2 ) The mentally-handicapped have difficulty incoping ------- tasks that are well ------- thecapabilities of the average person.

A) under / overB) to / beyondC) with / withinD) through intoE) along / above

7 0 3 ) By the end of the week, he ------- the firststage of the treatment, and we'll know thenif he ------- well to it.

A) would have completed / respondedB) has completed / was respondingC) will have completed / is respondingD) is completing / has respondedE) will complete / will respond

7 0 4 ) The successful education of children withspeech defects involves ------- all means ofapproach.

A) to exploreB) exploringC) having exploredD) having been exploredE) to have explored

7 0 5 ) If they ------- the child to the hospital a littleearlier, these complications ------- .

A) would have brought / wouldn't developB) would bring / won't developC) have brought / haven't developedD) brought / hadn't developedE) had brought / would not have developed

58


7 0 6 ) Pure carbolic acid on a suspected rabies------- wound the incubation period whichprobably won't kill all the viruses; so its use------- into general disfavour among doctors.

A) may prolong / has fallenB) might prolong / had fallenC) might have prolonged / might have fallenD) will prolong / fellE) would prolong / would have fallen

7 0 7 ) The healthy individual possesses means ofarresting minor haemorrhages; if this -------so, trivial cuts ------- to a fatal loss of blood.

A) was not / have ledB) were not / would leadC) is not / ledD) will not be / would have ledE) would not be / had led

7 0 8 ) In recent years the trend in the study ofchild development has been an increasedemphasis on the processes underlying thechanges, ------- simple descriptions of agechanges.

A) as ifB) just asC) rather thanD) even soE) such as

7 0 9 ) Poisoning ------- drug overdose is a frequentand still increasing cause of admission tohospital.

A) according toB) due toC) on behalf ofD) in excess ofE) in spite of

7 10 ) Dizziness is a distressing symptom inadvanced old age, and alarms relat ives -------the patient.

A) no less thanB) as little asC) in accordance withD) consequent onE) in case of

7 11) Bacteria are ------- small that they can -------be seen under a microscope.

A) very / ratherB) too / hardlyC) as / thusD) so / onlyE) much / just

7 12 ) The brain is a part of the body ------- verylittle is known and even less is understood.

A) whichB) from whatC) whereD) of whoseE) about which

7 13 ) The remedies they use in the East are verydifferent from those we use in the West;------- rely more on the natural properties ofherbs and plants while ------- are morechemically orientated.A) to them / to usB) they / usC) their / weD) theirs / oursE) themselves / ourselves

7 14 ) In hay fever, the symptoms vary from onepatient ------- , and treatment will also vary.

A) and to othersB) to the otherC) and to anotherD) to anotherE) to others

7 15 ) Naturally I will come to you for advicewhenever I feel in need of ------- .

A) themB) oneC) someD) noneE) a few

7 16 ) We’ve had some pretty good directors overthe years, but Dr. Radcliff is ------- the mostcapable of them.

A) by farB) over allC) just soD) as muchE) too much

7 17 ) The committee showed their wholeheartedapproval of the designs he submitted, and------- .

A) me, tooB) so did IC) so have ID) so we doE) we also have

59


7 18 ) The other climbers were all for giving up theattempt, but it was ------- impossible toconvince him of the need to do so.

A) tooB) suchC) quiteD) asE) much

7 19 ) Could this possibly be the firm’s new buyer-------- reputation it we are to believe thenewspapers, is not quite what it should be?

A) whomB) whichC) whateverD) whatE) whose

7 2 0 ) ------- takes on the task of investigatingthese particular allegations is going to runinto a lot of difficulties.

A) SomeoneB) AnyoneC) WhatsoeverD) WhoeverE) Whichever

7 2 1) His scheme, with all its shortcomings, willinevitably be pushed through ------- we canproduce one, by Tuesday, which isobviously much more feasible.

A) howB) so thatC) unlessD) moreoverE) in case

7 2 2 ) ------- he gives the appearance of sincerityand reliability, just remember that you can’ttrust him an inch.

A) ThatB) As far asC) NeverthelessD) SoE) Though

7 2 3 ) On that occasion, he really was ------- luck:It was as if every thing had combined -------him.

A) up to / throughB) away from / behindC) out of / againstD) into / uponE) on to / over

7 2 4 ) Few sociologists will admit that a city isdistinct ------- a village merely ------- thenumber of its inhabitants.

A) of / forB) from / byC) to / overD) in / throughE) off / in

7 2 5 ) Water has a moderating effect ontemperature, ------- summer and middayheat, and winter and midnight cold.

A) diminishedB) having diminishedC) to diminishD) being diminishedE) diminishing

7 2 6 ) When that happened, their hopes -------because the army ------- its most trustedleaders.

A) wane / would loseB) are waning / losesC) waned / had lostD) ware waning / has lostE) have waned / lost

7 2 7 ) They ------- the advantages and thedisadvantages of the takeover when I -------them an hour or so later.

A) will discuss / would rejoinB) have discussed / am rejoiningC) are discussing / will rejoinD) were discussing / rejoinedE) would discuss / had rejoined

7 2 8 ) We still ------- that any changes in the lawalong these lines ------- to our advantage.

A) had believed / will have beenB) believed / had beenC) have believed / would beD) would believe / were beingE) believe / will be

7 2 9 ) In calculators, calculations ---------- entirelywith integers yield exact results as long asthe numbers ---------- too big for the spaceallotted.

A) doing / were notB) having done / have not beenC) to have been done / would not have beenD) done / are notE) to be done / will not be

60


7 3 0 ) Twenty years ago, the study aging -------- assomewhat misdirected, but now it ------- intoan important science.

A) was regarded / has developedB) had been regarded / would developC) has been regarded / would be developingD) would have been regarded / had

developedE) was being regarded / has been developing

7 3 1) In some ways, we know little more about theplanets than -------- the ancients whoworshipped them.

A) had doneB) have doneC) doD) would doE) did

7 3 2 ) The first stage of the new factory project-------- last year, and work on the secondphase------- well now.

A) had been completed / would progressB) was completed / is progressingC) would have been completed / was

progressingD) has been completed / will progressE) was being completed / has progressed

7 3 3 ) While the battle ------ out in the open, thetechnological capability of the coalitionforces ------- them to lead.

A) had been fought / was givingB) was fought / would giveC) was being fought / gaveD) would have been fought / will giveE) is being fought / has given

7 3 4 ) Dwindling oil reserves and concerns -------exhaust emissions have heightened thesearch ------ more sustainable sources.

A) into / withB) through / intoC) about / atD) over / forE) for / by

7 3 5 ) The World Commission on Dams found that,----- average, large dams exceed theirbudged ------ 56 %.

A) of / upB) in / offC) for / underD) by / fromE) on / by

7 3 6 ) The interiors of planets are totallyinaccessible, --------- what we know aboutthem comes from indirect measurementsand analysis.

A) soB) whereasC) even thoughD) sinceE) so as

7 3 7 ) It was not long ------- the design deficienciesof the room became apparent.

A) as ifB) beforeC) untilD) whereverE) unless

7 3 8 ) In every forensic laboratory there should be------- with the basic training to make senseof botanical evidence.

A) eachB) anyoneC) someoneD) one anotherE) them

7 3 9 ) The centre conducted the study -------identify priority areas for conservation.

A) in order toB) as well asC) with respect toD) due toE) with reference to

7 4 0 ) The next model the company produced waswell-engineered and finely built , -----, it neverbecame popular and sales were poo r.

A) on the contraryB) even soC) just asD) such asE) in accordance with

7 4 1) In 1994, seven countries signed and accord,agreeing to guidelines designed to minimizethe ------ of salmon farming on wild fish inthe north Atlantic.

A) relevanceB) establishmentC) impactD) perceptionE) improvement

61


7 4 2 ) Had this 70 m.-long asteroid entered the 7 4 8 ) Because the plateau was so far ------ seaEarth’s atmosphere, it could have -------- alarge city.

A) reconciledB) inflatedC) capturedD) destroyedE) erupted

7 4 3 ) India has dozens of half-completed waterprojects, not to mention a ------, centuries-old infrastructure of forgotten local water -supply systems.

A) perishableB) stableC) vastD) predominantE) sensitive

7 4 4 ) Researchers attending the World WaterForum in Kyoto last year argued thatcollecting and using water more ------- wouldlessen the need for more dams.

A) efficientlyB) plentifullyC) wastefullyD) remarkablyE) speedily

7 4 5 ) Apparently the drop in farm incomes hadnothing to -------- the introduction of modernfarming methods.

A) close downB) make outC) sort outD) force outE) do with

7 4 6 ) Most of our exposure to organic mercury------- eating oily fish such as tuna.

A) plays upB) turns intoC) comes fromD) finds outE) puts up with

7 4 7 ) Since the equator is the closest place ------earth to the sun, the atmosphere ------ itabsorbs the most solar energy.

A) in / atB) of / throughC) with / acrossD) at / overE) on / around

level, when we finally reached it, we haddifficulty ------ breathing.

A) below / withB) under / aboutC) from / forD) above / inE) over / at

7 4 9 ) My parents are taking me to the theatre thisevening to ------ my being ill when they had aparty last week.

A) go down withB) keep in touch withC) make up forD) take no notice ofE) take part in

7 5 0 ) It is important for people who lead aninactive life to ------ a sport like swimming orswimming.

A) break downB) take upC) call offD) put outE) make off

7 5 1) Although it cannot be proven scientifically,presumably the expansion of the universewill ------ as it approaches a critical radius.

A) slow downB) cool downC) build upD) filter outE) go off

7 5 2 ) Schizophrenia, a behavioural ------, may wellbe triggered by genetic predisposition,stress, drugs, or infections.

A) inclinationB) disorderC) diagnosisD) inhibitionE) transplantation

7 5 3 ) The phone call must have been aboutsomething urgent, considering how ------ thebewildered teacher left after it.

A) abruptlyB) joyfullyC) exclusivelyD) hesitantlyE) reluctantly

62


7 5 4 ) The cut on your leg looks very nasty. Igenuinely recommend that you get ------medical attention.

A) constantB) relentlessC) immediateD) adjacentE) punctual

7 5 5 ) Calculus, an elegant and economicalsymbolic system, can ------ complexproblems to simple terms.

A) reduceB) makeC) raiseD) aggravateE) alleviate

7 5 6 ) I think Jack ---- moving to a quieter areawhen he ---- next summer.

A) has considered / will retireB) considered / will have retiredC) will be considering / retireD) is considering / retiresE) had considered / is retiring

7 6 0 ) Jane wasn’t actually feeling fit enough towork overtime; -------- , she did it as she wasin dire need of money.

A) thereforeB) besidesC) nonethelessD) despiteE) on the other hand

7 6 1) ------ he wouldn’t wait at the door for ages, Iput the key under the mat for my newflatmate, who had left home in a hurry,yesterday.

A) In order thatB) HenceC) In view ofD) In caseE) On grounds of

7 6 2 ) There are 20 species of wild roses in NorthAmerica, -------- have prickly stems, pinnateleaves, and large flowers that usual ly smellsweetly.

A) none of whoseB) much of whichC) some of whom

7 5 7 ) Whereas in 1975 only one in every ten newenterprises ------ by woman, in 1989 thisfigure ------ to one in three.

A) established / was increasedB) was established / had increasedC) was establishing / would increaseD) had been established / increasedE) would establish / was increasing

7 5 8 ) Although the scientific community hadhoped that the field of transplantation ------,the shortage of organ donors has curtailedresearch.

A) has progressedB) would progressC) must have progressedD) is progressingE) had progressed

7 5 9 ) ------ a small specimen of the embryonicfluid is removed from a fetus, it will bepossible to determine whether the baby willbe born with the birth defects.

A) UnlessB) Contrary toC) In pursuit ofD) Irrespective ofE) If

D) all of whichE) both of which

7 6 3 ) Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds-------- on adjacent hills.

A) more frequently thanB) as frequent asC) too frequentD) frequently enoughE) so frequent that

7 6 4 ) Gunpowder, in some ways the mosteffective of ------ the explosive materials, is amixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, andsulphur.

A) noneB) the wholeC) allD) manyE) every

7 6 5 ) If it receives enough rain at the proper time,hay will grow quickly, ------ grass.

A) likeB) such asC) asD) similarE) alike

63


7 6 6 ) Although it can be derived ------ oil, coal, andtar, kerosene is usually produced ------refining it from petroleum.

A) from / byB) in / fromC) at / onD) near / alongE) within / beneath

7 6 7 ) Although no country has ------ folk music------ that of any other, it is significant thatsimilar songs exist among widely separatedpeople.

A) more / likeB) the same / asC) so / asD) less / muchE) such / that

7 6 8 ) Your father should not put so muchpressure on you. He must not choose yourfriends, ------ .

A) tooB) as wellC) neitherD) eitherE) though

7 6 9 ) I don’t suppose the election results willreflect the true reaction of the public to thegovernment in power, ------ ?

A) do IB) will itC) won’t theyD) don’t IE) will they

7 7 0 ) Many countries ---- the world are gearing upto help the people affected ---- the tsunami.

A) across / onB) below / withC) off / fromD) around / byE) on / upon

7 7 1) Physical geographers study soil because ofits fundamental position ---- the ecosystemand its impact ---- human activities.

A) above / uponB) in / onC) from / atD) over / insideE) on / within

7 7 2 ) There were some beach huts here only a fewdays ago, but they were ------ by the flood.

A) carried outB) pointed outC) poured downD) swept awayE) taken up

7 7 3 ) Climate shifts could disrupt farming and ----thousands of species of animals and plants.

A) make upB) wear offC) wipe outD) eat awayE) put across

7 7 4 ) The Lakota nation of Native Americans stilldispute the USA’s ownership of the BlackHills, referring to it as an occupied ------ .

A) territoryB) lineC) situationD) vacancyE) regime

7 7 5 ) On the Aleutian Islands, the land risesabruptly from level coasts to ---- mountains.

A) lengthyB) plainC) steepD) keenE) flexible

7 7 6 ) We had to ---- from the war when the attackof the enemy intensified.

A) refrainB) retainC) remainD) belongE) persist

7 7 7 ) The senator ---- denied allegations ofanything improper that had taken place.

A) highlyB) admittedlyC) considerablyD) accuratelyE) strongly

7 7 8 ) Cat allergen is one of the main causes ofchildhood allergies, asthma and ----respiratory diseases as bronchitis.

A) the likeB) someC) such otherD) alsoE) the other

64


7 7 9 ) Children have difficulty ------- numbers -------two until the age of three or four.

A) in grasping / as many asB) to grasp / as big asC) grasping / greater thanD) having grasped / fewerE) of grasping / less than

7 8 0 ) The safest approach -------- your entirecorporation against security threats fromroaming users is -------- a quarantine-oriented technology.

A) protecting / includingB) to protect / to includeC) for protecting / having includedD) of protecting / includedE) to be protecting / being included

7 8 1) Tourists -------- when large numbers ofmiddle class people -------- to join the morewealthy aristocratic travellers.

A) have originated / had begunB) had originated / beganC) could have originated / have begunD) originated / beganE) were originating / are beginning

7 8 2 ) The wounded hunter -------- on the groundfor almost an hour when, coincidentally, he-------- by another hunter, who must havekeen eyes.

A) has been lying / is spottingB) has lain / will be spottedC) will have lain / had been spottedD) had been lying / was spottedE) was lying / spotted

7 8 3 ) As the tree was too high to climb, themischievous boys ---------- their ball downonly by throwing sticks at it.

A) would have knockedB) were able to knockC) will have to knockD) may have knockedE) could knock

7 8 4 ) Certain serious diseases can besuccessfully treated -------- detected in aninitial stage.

A) unlessB) ifC) even whenD) beforeE) after

7 8 5 ) ---------- you have made minimal progress, itis by no means the kind of progress thatyou need to make.

A) WhatB) DespiteC) In addition toD) On behalf ofE) While

7 8 6 ) Soils are the result of -------- interactingprocesses -------- bring different materialstogether.

A) a few / by whichB) such / asC) some / thatD) most of / whichE) a good deal of / in which

7 8 7 ) I’m ready to do ---------- I can do to help you -------- your hardship.

A) anything / overcomeB) whatever / overcomingC) what / to be overcomingD) that / to have overcomeE) nothing / having overcome

7 8 8 ) Despite my insistence, Adam didn’t tell me-------- he didn’t like me or my family.

A) whyB) even ifC) whoseD) whetherE) about whom

7 8 9 ) She keeps saying that she has got --------patience with kids, but forgets that shedidn’t have -------- before she gave birth toher own kids.

A) enough / as muchB) too many / anyC) such / noneD) so / someE) more / neither

7 9 0 ) If I -------- the choice of making either an oralor a written report, I -------- the secondalternative.

A) gave / could pickB) had been given / might pickC) would have given / had pickedD) have been giving / will pickE) were given / would pick

65


7 9 1) A combination of imagination anddetermination -------- Peter -------- entirely

7 9 7 ) The neutral mutation rate is known --------widely along human chromosomes, -------- to

new lines of research concerned with theway animals survive extreme environmentalconditions

A) allow / developingB) have allowed / being developedC) were allowed / to have developedD) allowed / to developE) will allow / to be developing

7 9 2 ) The scientist who -------- Dolly the sheep, theworld’s first cloned mammal, -------- a licenceon Tuesday to clone human embryos formedical research.

A) has created / has been grantedB) had created / grantedC) created / was grantedD) will be creating / has grantedE) used to create / had been granted

7 9 3 ) My mother is making a steady recovery fromflu and ------- hospital by next week.

A) should be able to leaveB) is leavingC) has leftD) will have been leftE) must have left

7 9 4 ) -------- a celebrity arrives in Istanbul , the firstquestion reporters ask them is ------- theylike Istanbul.

A) During / whetherB) Every time / howC) Whenever / whatD) Until / ifE) When / wherever

7 9 5 ) The results of last weekend’s poll have -------to be announced and officials say it couldbe -------- week before they are.

A) so far / everyB) stil / eachC) already / every otherD) even / mostE) yet / another

7 9 6 ) She failed to get anyone to repair the tapsfor her at the weekend, -------- could she do iton her own.

A) asB) norC) only ifD) soE) though

mutational hot and cold regions.

A) to be varying / to leadB) varying / ledC) to have varied / being ledD) having varied / having ledE) to vary / leading

7 9 8 ) You would not expect anyone --------intelligent to make ------ stupid mistake, buthe did so.

A) so / thatB) too / suchC) as / asD) more / thanE) too much / those

7 9 9 ) I don’t suppose you are telling us the trueversion of the story, ----------?

A) do IB) are youC) can youD) will youE) aren’t you

8 0 0 ) Some people argue that certain orientalrelaxation techniques ------- yoga andmeditation are extremely effective in thetreatment of high blood pressure.

A) soB) just asC) such asD) bothE) also

66


1-D 70 -B 139-C 20 8-C 277-A 346-E 415-A 484-D 553-A 622-A 691-B 760-C2-C3-B4-D5-E6-B7-A8-D9-E10-C11-D12-B13-A14-A15-B16-E17-D18-C19-A20-C21-B22-C23-C24-E25-E26-A27-D28-A29-C30-A31-B32-D33-E34-C35-B36-A37-A38- E39-B40 -D41-E42-C43-A44-A45-B46-A47-A48-B49-C50 -A51-B52-C53-C54-A55-C56-B57-C58-D59-C60 -C61-C62-E63-B64-C65-A66-E67-C68-D69-A

71-E72-D73-B74-D75-A76-E77-B78-A79-D80 -E81-A82-C83-E84-A85-C86-B87-E88-C89-E90 -C91-E92-B93-E94-B95-A96-E97-D98-B99-A10 0 -A10 1-D10 2-D10 3-B10 4-C10 5-E10 6-A10 7-B10 8-C10 9-E110 -C111-D112-D113-D114-A115-E116-A117-C118-D119-B120 -B121-C122-B123-A124-C125-E126-D127-B128-B129-E130 -A131-E132-A133-D134-A135-B136-D137-A138-A

140 -A141-E142-A143-A144-B145-A146-D147-B148-C149-E150 -A151-D152-A153-C154-E155-A156-D157-C158-C159-E160 -B161-B162-A163-A164-A165-E166-E167-C168-D169-B170 -D171-A172-C173-D174-B175-A176-D177-E178-E179-E180 -D181-C182-A183-B184-C185-A186-E187-D188-D189-B190 -A191-C192-E193-D194-A195-B196-C197-D198-C199-B20 0 -E20 1-E20 2-D20 3-C20 4-B20 5-A20 6-E20 7-D

20 9-B210 -A211-C212-B213-D214-E215-B216-A217-D218-E219-B220 -A221-A222-C223-D224-B225-C226-E227-B228-C229-B230-A231-C232-E233-E234-B235-C236-C237-B238-C239-D240-E241-B242-A243-C244-E245-A246-E247-C248-B249-C250 -E251-D252-E253-A254-B255-E256-C257-D258-B259-A260-C261-D262-B263-B264-B265-B266-E267-B268-A269-D270 -E271-B272-D273-E274-A275-D276-C

278-D279-B280 -E281-C282-A283-D284-C285-B286-C287-E288-B289-D290 -A291-E292-D293-B294-C295-A296-B297-E298-B299-C30 0 -D30 1-B30 2-C30 3-A30 4-B30 5-A30 6-B30 7-E30 8-E30 9-D310 -D311-A312-E313-C314-E315-D316-D317-C318-A319-E320 -C321-D322-C323-B324-C325-C326-C327-A328-A329-D330 -A331-D332-D333-B334-B335-D336-C337-C338-A339-C340 -B341-C342-B343-C344-B345-C

347-B348-C349-A350 -A351-A352-D353-C354-E355-B356-A357-A358-D359-A360 -B361-D362-D363-E364-C365-C366-B367-D368-A369-D370 -C371-C372-B373-B374-E375-A376-C377-E378-A379-B380 -E381-A382-D383-C384-D385-D386-E387-C388-B389-D390 -E391-E392-C393-A394-B395-A396-C397-E398-D399-E40 0 -C40 1-B40 2-D40 3-C40 4-E40 5-A40 6-D40 7-B40 8-B40 9-C410 -D411-D412-A413-C414-D

416-E417-D418-D419-C420 -B421-E422-B423-E424-C425-C426-A427-A428-E429-E430 -C431-B432-A433-D434-E435-A436-C437-D438-C439-B440 -B441-A442-C443-D444-B445-E446-A447-D448-E449-B450-A451-E452-C453-B454-D455-A456-D457-A458-E459-E460 -B461-C462-C463-A464-E465-C466-E467-B468-D469-C470 -B471-D472-A473-B474-E475-E476-A477-C478-B479-E480 -A481-D482-E483-A

485-B486-B487-D488-A489-A490 -B491-E492-C493-B494-C495-A496-C497-E498-D499-B50 0 -E50 1-D50 2-E50 3-C50 4-D50 5-C50 6-A50 7-B50 8-E50 9-C510 -D511-E512-B513-D514-B515-D516-A517-E518-C519-A520 -E521-A522-D523-E524-B525-C526-B527-E528-D529-A530 -A531-D532-B533-C534-A535-B536-D537-A538-D539-E540 -A541-B542-C543-A544-E545-C546-D547-B548-C549-D550 -E551-E552-B

554-C555-D556-E557-B558-A559-E560 -D561-B562-E563-C564-A565-D566-C567-B568-C569-E570 -A571-D572-B573-D574-A575-B576-C577-E578-C579-B580 -D581-D582-A583-B584-C585-A586-B587-E588-C589-A590 -B591-C592-A593-E594-D595-B596-C597-E598-D599-A60 0 -E60 1-D60 2-E60 3-C60 4-E60 5-A60 6-B60 7-C60 8-E60 9-C610 -C611-A612-D613-A614-B615-E616-C617-A618-B619-A620 -C621-B

623-D624-C625-E626-D627-C628-B629-C630 -D631-B632-D633-A634-E635-C636-E637-A638-B639-D640 -A641-B642-D643-C644-B645-C646-E647-D648-E649-C650 -B651-D652-A653-B654-C655-E656-D657-A658-E659-D660 -A661-E662-C663-B664-D665-D666-C667-A668-D669-C670 -E671-B672-D673-B674-E675-A676-E677-D678-B679-C680-A681-D682-E683-B684-D685-A686-C687-A688-D689-B690 -C

692-E693-C694-A695-A696-B697-E698-B699-A70 0-E70 1-D70 2-C70 3-C70 4-B70 5-E70 6-A70 7-B70 8-C70 9-B710 -A711-D712-E713-D714-D715-C716-A717-B718-C719-E720-D721-C722-E723-C724-B725-E726-C727-D728-E729-D730-A731-E732-B733-C734-D735-E736-A737-B738-C739-A740 -B741-C742-D743-C744-A745-E746-C747-E748-D749-C750 -B751-A752-B753-A754-C755-A756-D757-B758-B759-E

761-D762-D763-A764-C765-A766-A767-B768-D769-E770-D771-B772-D773-C774-A775-C776-A777-E778-C779-C780-B781-D782-E783-B784-B785-E786-C787-A788-D789-A790 -E791-D792-C793-D794-B795-E796-B797-E798-A799-B800-C

67

kpdsgramerkelime800

Documents

Transcript of kpdsgramerkelime800