Report: Fracking & Parkland - Understanding the Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Public Park Usage
Hydraulic fracturing. "Fracking" (англ.)
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Transcript of Hydraulic fracturing. "Fracking" (англ.)
Hydraulic Fracturing ‘Fracking’
Prof Richard Davies
∂
•
1995‐2003 oil and gas Industry
•
2003‐Present Academic in UK
•
Published over 70 papers on petroleum geology
•
2007‐2011 Lusi
mud volcano from drilling (13,000
homes lost). Company claimed earthquake – we
determined well blowout.
•
Working on hydraulic fracturing risks
Professor Richard DaviesProfessor of EnergyDirector Durham Energy InstituteDurham [email protected]
Durham University, ranked 3rd
in UK
∂
Hydraulic fracturing of low permeability rock
•
Used to increase the permeability of
rocks that have low permeability
‘tight’
•
E.g. low permeability sand or shale
Source BGS
∂
Stages of development
Stop
Poor
Geology Seismic Data Exploration Well
Drilling and
HydraulicFracturing
Production
Good
Stop
Poor
Abandonm
ent
Good
Many years
∂
Well casing and cementing
•
Aquifers and environment protected
by steel casing and cement
•
The casing and cement for wells
being fractured are the same as
normal oil and gas wells
•
To check that cementing has been
done well a ‘cement bond log’
is
taken
•
Mature technology that needs to be
properly carried out
∂
Water use ‐
volumes
•
Volume of water used is modest (8,000 –
23,000 m3)
•
But flowback
water needs to be treated or re‐injected
•
Companies will have to develop plans to responsibly
dispose of waste water
Source: Susquehanna River
Basin Commission.
e.g. Pennsylvania, USA
∂
Fracking
fluids
•
99.5% Water and sand
•
0.5% chemicals to help the fluid generate fractures
∂
e.g. Barnett shale (Texas) – data from Halliburton
•
1000s of hydraulic fracturing operations
completed
•
Fractures measured
•
Spikes on the graph are fractures that grew
upwards and downwards
2700 m
reservoirs
aquifers
∂
Can fracking
cause water contamination?
~ 1%
350 m
Davies, R.J., Mathias, S. A., Moss, J., Hustoft, S., and Newport, L., in press Hydraulic
Fractures: How Far Can They Go? Marine and Petroleum Geology.
•
No fractures greater than 600 m
•
In USA leak due to natural processes
and poor cementing of casing
No fractures taller
than 600 m
∂
Earthquakes
Energy due to fracking
•
Energy due to fracking
cannot be felt at the surface
•
One exception is 2.3 M event
in UK
•
UK government introducing
new rules in case this
happens again with
operations stopped in 0.5M
felt
∂
Readily detected
•Change in orientation
• Increased magnitude
After Maxwell et al (2008)
∂
Readily detected
∂
Lancashire, UK, 2011•
As a result potentially new
legislation hydraulic
fracturing
∂
Seismicity:
thousands of fracking
operations in USA
1.5 2.0 2.5
x 30,000
x 1,000
Barnett Shale USA
Lancashire, UK (2011) ‐
exceptional
Not feltfelt
After Warpinski
et al 2012 and Green et al (2012)
∂
Summary
•
Hydraulic fracturing is not a new technology
•
Concerns on water contamination, induced seismicity
and waste water
•
These risks need to be fully researched, quantified and placed in context with other energy technologies
Thank You