Employability and Work-based-Learning · Dieses Konzept, welches v.a. die Europäische Kommission...
Transcript of Employability and Work-based-Learning · Dieses Konzept, welches v.a. die Europäische Kommission...
Employability and Work-based-LearningPriv. Doz. (Ass. Professor) Dr. Stefan Wolf | Dept. Vocational Education and School Pedagogy | TU Berlin TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability | Cairo, 17-18 July, 2017
Overview
What means the concept of Employability?Contradictions between the pure British and the German understanding in the EUBroader understanding of what could mean Employability
What is the meaning of WBL in the EU?Practical consequences of WBL – with a short excurse to the types of VET modelsWBL in Higher Education - some German experiences
Conclusion
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
Employability
The term employability refers to the ability of a person to find employment and remain in employment. In the labor market and education policy discussion, employability is now regarded as the central goal of labor market policy, company’s human resource development policy and individual qualification profiles.(Source: IAB - Institute for Employment Research, research unit of the Federal Employment Agency)
The term is highly contested in a German context because it is seen as a contradiction to our ruling concept of “Beruflichkeit” i.e. non-academic professionalism
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
Employability and some notes for critical thinking
(1) Personal dimension of upgrowing human-beings to become a competent member of a society and a successful player in the capitalist market
(2) Economic dimension of employment, decent work, high performance and international competitiveness of the businesses
(3) Societal dimension e.g. of family social reproduction and community stability(4) Political dimension e.g. of policy implementation of matching labour market and education
system, including stakeholder and interest groups involvement
For deeper scientific perspective see: Guilbert, L., Bernaud, J.-L., Gouvernet, B., & Rossier, J. (2016). Employability: Review and research prospects. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 16(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-015-9288-4
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Background of the concepts I
Mainly promoted by the European Commission since the 1990th
It replace the former job security with the employment security of the individual at different work places and under different employers through individual efforts to find easily a new job opportunity(Schmid, J. (2017). Beschäftigungsfähigkeit. In Springer Gabler (Ed.), Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon - online. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, transl. SW)
But currently no coherent concept exists and highly contested in different socio-political fields of EU member states
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Background of the concept II
One of four pillars of the Lisbon strategy of the EU commission Strengthen of (1) entrepreneurship attitude (2) adaptability (3) equal opportunity to become a high performance economy region of the world
With strong influence of social security policy of the member states with the concept of flexibility and security flexicurity
With the concept of life-long-learning the employability term address strongly the education policy of the member states to bridge better than before the gap between labour market and education system
(Schemmann, M. (2004). Bedeutung und Funktion des Konzepts "Beschäftigungsfähigkeit" in bildungspolitischen Dokumenten der Europäischen Union. Report: Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung, 27(1), 110–116, transl. SW)
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Disagreement and debates in Germany of the two conceptsNon-Academic Professionalism Employability
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Individual responsibility to labour marketsuccess, your own personal businessentrepreneur
Focus on transversal and soft skills neglectingof occupational skills, centred to themarket
Small skills, short term trainings, personaldevelopment of “proper” work attitude,flexibility & adaptability (indecent work?)
Only valuable at the labour market duringcontracting, no social recognitions
Personal development (socialisation) to amember of a community of practice (noviceto expert)
Professional skills and knowledge, professionalcompetence centred to the subject
Framework of Qualifications gained throughlonger specific professional education andtraining process
Valuable in the external and internal labourmarket and widely recognised
Social recognition of such professionalism bythe educational benefit and social stability(honour, values, social respect etc.)
Openness to continuous education and trainingEmployability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
vs.
Coherence perspective of the two concepts
The concept of Earning-oriented Pedagogy (K. Kraus, 2006) bridge three pillars of the relation between education and labour market
- Professional skills and knowledge to deal properly with concrete, subject-related tasks within the workplace;
– Generic competences: behaviours within the workplace, which result in particular from its social organization;
– Employment Orientation: attitudes and relationship with respect to employment(situational and biographical) according to the respective economy and society. (Kraus 2012, p. 254)
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German perspective the concept of extended labour professionalism(IG Metall. (2014). Erweiterte moderne Beruflichkeit)
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
Employability - a short résumé
The pure concept of employability is very limited to labour market goods selling but neglect the personal and social dimension
Socially and politically contested in some EU Member states specifically in Germany
Extended Labour Professionalism open the concept beyond the limited market approach of selling one person’s marketable skills and knowledge to employers and join the employability concept to the cultural pattern of societies (specifically with respect to work culture approach and types of VET models)
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Work-based-Learning
WBL means an approach to bridge academic learning in schools with practical learning in work (and life) situation
Very often it is limited to initial Vocational Education and Training (VET) as a mean for VET schools to better meet the labour market needs and requests
But you can use it as a concept to open the perspective on different levels
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What means Work-based-Learning (WBL)Application of theory and knowledge in an authentic, work-based environment
Source: http://www.bibb.de/dokumente/pdf/stbpr_veranstaltung_2013_12_04_workbasesd_learning_in_europe_vukovich_presentation.pdf, 12.10.2014
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
What means Work-based-Learning (WBL)Skills and abilities with an employment effect acquired through workshops
(by execution of work assignments)
Quelle: http://www.bibb.de/dokumente/pdf/stbpr_veranstaltung_2013_12_04_workbasesd_learning_in_europe_vukovich_presentation.pdf, 12.10.2014
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
What means Work-based-Learning (WBL)
Source:: http://www.bibb.de/dokumente/pdf/stbpr_veranstaltung_2013_12_04_workbasesd_learning_in_europe_vukovich_presentation.pdf, 12.10.2014
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
WBL and practical consequences
What form of WBL matters?
It depends explicitly from
(1) the type of VET-model existing in any society and
(2) from the relation between state and companies regards to Vocational Education and Training (or in a more generally understanding professional education)
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Excurse: Typologies of VET modelsTypology of the Ideal-types of the classical
European VET modelsTypology of Skill Formation SystemThe relation between the state and the companies in initial VET
State Model
Market ModelCooperative Model
Egypt
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
WBL practice for a state modell of VET
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Source http://www.connectedcalifornia.org/; http://slideplayer.com/slide/6332098/; 10.07.2017
Possibilities to bridge the gap between academic and practical learning in a cooperative models of education and training
It exists a wide range of different models of cooperative forms of education & training
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Intensity of the relations between the partners in the cooperationLow High
Sequential internship in companies
Alternating models (e.g. Dual) with
public schools and companies
Models with companies
andschools within
School VET systems with work
based learning activities
Industrial attachment
training
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
WBL and the relation between VET and Higher Education
Source: http://www.bibb.de/dokumente/pdf/stbpr_veranstaltung_2013_12_04_workbased_learning_in__europe_grollmann.pdf, 12.10.2014
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
WBL practice at Higher EducationWork exercises at laboratories
Seminars with case studies from companies’ reality
Work assignments of the business processes
Development workshops for Entrepreneurship activities
Project work
Internship in companies
Study- and seminar-thesis in cooperation with companies or social organisation
Source: https://labor.beuth-hochschule.de/kee/
Source: http://integratingtech301.pbworks.com/f/pbl1.gif
Employability and Work-based-Learning | PD Dr. phil. Stefan Wolf | TAIEX Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Employability
Notes of WBL – Pros and ConsAdvantagesCould bridge the academic learning and practical learning
From a learning theory perspective it will facilitate the
development of new knowledge and abilities through
joining acting and learning
Bring the learning closer to the need and request of the
world of work and the labour market
It could produce employment effects and easier transition
from school to work
Disadvantages Could produce confusing at the learner because of loose
coupling of both side of learning and acting
Need of practical understanding and of knowledge about
the business from the academic teacher’s side and
need of pedagogical experienced practical trainer or
supervisor of WBL
Stress of coordination between the two learning side units
Coherence of the syllabus of both sides could be a
challenge
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Summarizing conclusion
Employability concept need to open to a broader approach e.g. the German understanding of Extended Labour Professionalism or others
Work-Based-Learning (WBL) is a good concept to bridge the academic learning and the practical learning, but mostly developed for state models of VET
No direct linkage between Employability and WBL but clear influences vice versa exist
The successes of both concepts depend on different factors at micro to macro level of your education system and the decision needs a proper reference to the conditions of the educational system
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Thank you for your audience
Questions?Remarks?
Notes?Contradictions?
Discussion is open now!!
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