Demographic Proﬁle: Guyton -...

Demographic Profile:Guyton

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2013-17 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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GUYTON Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

85 and over

75−79

80−84

70−74

65−69

20−24

55−59

60−64

45−49

40−44

50−54

25−29

35−39

10−14

30−34

15−19

Under 5

5−9

100 50 0 50 100

Males

Females

Guyton

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile GUYTON

Race and Latino Origin

60%

36%

0%2%1%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Guyton

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

52%

17%

19%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Guyton

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

58%

19%

23%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Guyton

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

65%

22%

12%1%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Guyton

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 1,684 100.0%

Under 5 years 158 9.4%5 to 9 years 152 9.0%10 to 14 years 141 8.4%15 to 19 years 121 7.2%20 to 24 years 85 5.0%25 to 29 years 120 7.1%30 to 34 years 137 8.1%35 to 39 years 131 7.8%40 to 44 years 95 5.6%45 to 49 years 99 5.9%50 to 54 years 100 5.9%55 to 59 years 87 5.2%60 to 64 years 79 4.7%65 to 69 years 56 3.3%70 to 74 years 49 2.9%75 to 79 years 32 1.9%80 to 84 years 27 1.6%85 years and over 15 0.9%

Median age (years) 32.6 (X)

16 years and over 1,205 71.6%18 years and over 1,154 68.5%21 years and over 1,098 65.2%62 years and over 223 13.2%65 years and over 179 10.6%

Male population 805 47.8%Under 5 years 81 4.8%5 to 9 years 71 4.2%10 to 14 years 76 4.5%15 to 19 years 44 2.6%20 to 24 years 47 2.8%25 to 29 years 59 3.5%30 to 34 years 67 4.0%35 to 39 years 70 4.2%40 to 44 years 43 2.6%45 to 49 years 48 2.9%50 to 54 years 44 2.6%55 to 59 years 42 2.5%60 to 64 years 32 1.9%65 to 69 years 28 1.7%70 to 74 years 26 1.5%75 to 79 years 14 0.8%80 to 84 years 8 0.5%85 years and over 5 0.3%


16 years and over 569 33.8%18 years and over 549 32.6%21 years and over 523 31.1%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 101 6.0%65 years and over 81 4.8%

Female population 879 52.2%Under 5 years 77 4.6%5 to 9 years 81 4.8%10 to 14 years 65 3.9%15 to 19 years 77 4.6%20 to 24 years 38 2.3%25 to 29 years 61 3.6%30 to 34 years 70 4.2%35 to 39 years 61 3.6%40 to 44 years 52 3.1%45 to 49 years 51 3.0%50 to 54 years 56 3.3%55 to 59 years 45 2.7%60 to 64 years 47 2.8%65 to 69 years 28 1.7%70 to 74 years 23 1.4%75 to 79 years 18 1.1%80 to 84 years 19 1.1%85 years and over 10 0.6%


16 years and over 636 37.8%18 years and over 605 35.9%21 years and over 575 34.1%62 years and over 122 7.2%65 years and over 98 5.8%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 1,684 100.0%

One Race 1,660 98.6%White 1,043 61.9%Black or African American 601 35.7%American Indian and Alaska Native 2 0.1%Asian 6 0.4%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 5 0.3%Filipino 1 0.1%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 8 0.5%Two or More Races 24 1.4%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 5 0.3%White; Asian 1 0.1%White; Black or African American 11 0.7%White; Some Other Race 1 0.1%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 1,063 63.1%Black or African American 618 36.7%American Indian and Alaska Native 13 0.8%Asian 7 0.4%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 9 0.5%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 1,684 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 37 2.2%Mexican 11 0.7%Puerto Rican 17 1.0%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 9 0.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 1,647 97.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 1,684 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 37 2.2%White alone 28 1.7%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 8 0.5%Two or More Races 1 0.1%

Not Hispanic or Latino 1,647 97.8%White alone 1,015 60.3%Black or African American alone 601 35.7%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 2 0.1%Asian alone 6 0.4%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 23 1.4%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 1,684 100.0%

In households 1,684 100.0%Householder 562 33.4%Spouse 325 19.3%Child 614 36.5%

Own child under 18 years 462 27.4%Other relatives 123 7.3%

Under 18 years 61 3.6%65 years and over 14 0.8%

Nonrelatives 60 3.6%Under 18 years 7 0.4%65 years and over 7 0.4%

Unmarried partner 32 1.9%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 562 100.0%

Family households (families) 434 77.2%With own children under 18 years 227 40.4%

Husband-wife family 325 57.8%With own children under 18 years 170 30.2%

Male householder, no wife present 24 4.3%With own children under 18 years 11 2.0%

Female householder, no husband present 85 15.1%With own children under 18 years 46 8.2%

Nonfamily households 128 22.8%Householder living alone 104 18.5%

Male 48 8.5%65 years and over 17 3.0%

Female 56 10.0%65 years and over 23 4.1%

Households with individuals under 18 years 261 46.4%Households with individuals 65 years and over 133 23.7%

Average household size 3.00 (X)Average family size 3.45 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 639 100.0%

Occupied housing units 562 87.9%Vacant housing units 77 12.1%

For rent 21 3.3%Rented, not occupied 0 0.0%For sale only 34 5.3%Sold, not occupied 1 0.2%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 1 0.2%All other vacants 20 3.1%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 7.1 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 14.8 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 562 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 441 78.5%Population in owner-occupied housing units 1,279 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.90 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 121 21.5%Population in renter-occupied housing units 405 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 3.35 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

GUYTON ACS 2013-17 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Guyton Effingham County Coastal Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2013-17 Profile GUYTON

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 613 ±97 613 (X)

Family households (families) 528 ±98 86.1% ±8.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 264 ±76 43.1% ±10.4

Married-couple family 394 ±73 64.3% ±6.2With own children of the householder under 18 years 196 ±60 32.0% ±8.4

Male householder, no wife present, family 25 ±27 4.1% ±4.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 23 ±27 3.8% ±4.4

Female householder, no husband present, family 109 ±53 17.8% ±8.2With own children of the householder under 18 years 45 ±38 7.3% ±6.1

Nonfamily households 85 ±32 13.9% ±4.7Householder living alone 65 ±29 10.6% ±4.465 years and over 30 ±16 4.9% ±2.5

Households with one or more people under 18 years 283 ±78 46.2% ±10.4Households with one or more people 65 years and over 132 ±50 21.5% ±7.4

Average household size 3.15 ±0.44 (X) (X)Average family size 3.43 ±0.81 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

Householder 613 ±103 31.8% ±8.6Spouse 387 ±81 20.1% ±6.0Child 747 ±217 38.7% ±7.7Other relatives 150 ±92 7.8% ±4.5Nonrelatives 32 ±31 1.7% ±1.6

Unmarried partner 9 ±10 0.5% ±0.5

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 625 ±137 625 (X)

Never married 205 ±93 32.8% ±13.0Now married, except separated 373 ±77 59.7% ±18.0Separated 14 ±20 2.2% ±3.2Widowed 2 ±4 0.3% ±0.6Divorced 31 ±23 5.0% ±3.5

Females 15 years and over 789 ±174 789 (X)Never married 160 ±84 20.3% ±9.7Now married, except separated 438 ±82 55.5% ±16.1Separated 16 ±24 2.0% ±3.0Widowed 58 ±30 7.4% ±3.4Divorced 117 ±48 14.8% ±5.1

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

34 ±28 34 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 0 ±13 0.0% ±38.2Per 1,000 unmarried women 0 ±71 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 70 ±54 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±259 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 112 ±151 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 59 ±75 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

53 ±52 53 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 42 ±50 79.2% ±53.4Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 38 ±51 71.7% ±64.81 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±24.53 or 4 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±24.55 or more years 4 ±6 7.5% ±8.6

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

42 ±50 42 (X)

Who are female 32 ±34 76.2% ±121.6Who are married 28 ±46 66.7% ±75.5

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 541 ±181 541 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 41 ±34 7.6% ±5.8Kindergarten 10 ±16 1.8% ±2.9Elementary school (grades 1-8) 299 ±106 55.3% ±6.2High school (grades 9-12) 115 ±56 21.3% ±7.5College or graduate school 76 ±46 14.0% ±7.1

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 1,157 ±211 1,157 (X)

Less than 9th grade 51 ±41 4.4% ±3.49th to 12th grade, no diploma 88 ±48 7.6% ±3.9High school graduate (includes equivalency) 467 ±104 40.4% ±5.1Some college, no degree 254 ±68 22.0% ±4.3Associate’s degree 122 ±52 10.5% ±4.1Bachelor’s degree 109 ±48 9.4% ±3.8Graduate or professional degree 66 ±42 5.7% ±3.5

Percent high school graduate or higher 88.0% ±20.6 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 15.1% ±4.8 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 1,326 ±250 1,326 (X)

Civilian veterans 87 ±37 6.6% ±2.5

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)With a disability 370 ±107 19.2% ±3.8

Under 18 years 603 ±149 603 (X)With a disability 44 ±43 7.3% ±6.8

18 to 64 years 1,155 ±175 1,155 (X)With a disability 250 ±93 21.6% ±7.4

65 years and over 171 ±54 171 (X)With a disability 76 ±33 44.4% ±12.9

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 1,899 ±397 1,899 (X)

Same house 1,736 ±408 91.4% ±9.8Different house in the U.S. 163 ±66 8.6% ±3.0

Same county 61 ±44 3.2% ±2.2Different county 102 ±50 5.4% ±2.4Same state 61 ±41 3.2% ±2.1Different state 41 ±28 2.2% ±1.4

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

Native 1,906 ±409 98.8% ±3.3Born in United States 1,901 ±390 98.5% ±29.1State of residence 1,347 ±356 69.8% ±11.0Different state 554 ±160 28.7% ±5.6

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

5 ±6 0.3% ±0.3

Foreign born 23 ±24 1.2% ±1.2

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 23 ±24 23 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 15 ±17 65.2% ±28.8Not a U.S. citizen 8 ±15 34.8% ±54.2

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 28 ±24 28 (X)

Native 5 ±20 5 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±260.0Entered before 2010 5 ±15 100.0% ±488.7

Foreign born 23 ±24 23 (X)Entered 2010 or later 8 ±15 34.8% ±54.2Entered before 2010 15 ±21 65.2% ±60.9

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

23 ±24 23 (X)

Europe 12 ±16 52.2% ±43.3Asia 0 ±13 0.0% ±56.5Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±56.5Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±56.5Latin America 11 ±15 47.8% ±42.0Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±56.5

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 1,759 ±359 1,759 (X)

English only 1,747 ±292 99.3% ±26.2Language other than English 12 ±46 0.7% ±2.6

Speak English less than ’very well’ 4 ±77 0.2% ±4.4Spanish 12 ±24 0.7% ±1.4Speak English less than ’very well’ 4 ±37 0.2% ±2.1

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±1.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±2.2

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±1.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±2.2

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±1.3Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±2.2

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

American 169 ±79 8.8% ±3.6Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Czech 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Dutch 29 ±32 1.5% ±1.6English 165 ±72 8.6% ±3.3French (except Basque) 25 ±25 1.3% ±1.3French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7German 92 ±48 4.8% ±2.3Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Irish 157 ±92 8.1% ±4.4Italian 44 ±33 2.3% ±1.6Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Norwegian 3 ±4 0.2% ±0.2Polish 12 ±11 0.6% ±0.6Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Scotch-Irish 64 ±77 3.3% ±3.9Scottish 48 ±32 2.5% ±1.6Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Subsaharan African 30 ±48 1.6% ±2.5Swedish 4 ±6 0.2% ±0.3Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Ukranian 14 ±23 0.7% ±1.2Welsh 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 613 ±97 613 (X)

With a computer 509 ±90 83.0% ±6.6With a broadband Internet subscription 432 ±72 70.5% ±3.7

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 1,408 ±273 1,408 (X)

In labor force 850 ±144 60.4% ±15.5Civilian labor force 850 ±144 60.4% ±15.5Employed 834 ±143 59.2% ±15.3Unemployed 16 ±65 1.1% ±4.6

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±4.1Not in labor force 558 ±129 39.6% ±5.0

Civilian labor force 850 ±144 850 (X)Unemployment Rate 1.9% ±7.6 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 783 ±175 783 (X)In labor force 404 ±104 51.6% ±6.6

Civilian labor force 404 ±104 51.6% ±6.6Employed 395 ±104 50.4% ±7.1

own children of the householder under 6 years 185 ±93 185 (X)All parents in family in labor force 121 ±80 65.4% ±27.9

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 390 ±145 390 (X)All parents in family in labor force 294 ±119 75.4% ±11.9

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 834 ±183 834 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 702 ±181 84.2% ±11.4Car, truck, or van – carpooled 59 ±32 7.1% ±3.5Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 4 ±7 0.5% ±0.8Walked 34 ±41 4.1% ±4.8Other means 20 ±18 2.4% ±2.1Worked at home 15 ±15 1.8% ±1.8

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 35.8 ±4.2 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 834 ±143 834 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 276 ±76 33.1% ±7.2Service occupations 130 ±75 15.6% ±8.6Sales and office occupations 175 ±61 21.0% ±6.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

108 ±57 12.9% ±6.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 145 ±45 17.4% ±4.5

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 834 ±143 834 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 4 ±14 0.5% ±1.7Construction 75 ±33 9.0% ±3.6Manufacturing 162 ±64 19.4% ±6.9Wholesale trade 34 ±24 4.1% ±2.8Retail trade 65 ±40 7.8% ±4.6Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 80 ±42 9.6% ±4.8Information 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.2Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 38 ±21 4.6% ±2.4Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

19 ±15 2.3% ±2.4

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 148 ±62 17.7% ±2.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

112 ±70 13.4% ±8.1

Other services, except public administration 44 ±28 5.3% ±3.3Public administration 53 ±34 6.4% ±3.9

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 834 ±143 834 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 672 ±132 80.6% ±7.7Government workers 135 ±62 16.2% ±6.8Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 27 ±20 3.2% ±2.3Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.2

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2017 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 613 ±97 613 (X)Less than $10,000 46 ±24 7.5% ±3.7$10,000 to $14,999 46 ±27 7.5% ±4.2$15,000 to $24,999 96 ±55 15.7% ±8.5$25,000 to $34,999 30 ±26 4.9% ±4.2$35,000 to $49,999 55 ±32 9.0% ±4.2$50,000 to $74,999 112 ±42 18.3% ±4.2$75,000 to $99,999 85 ±45 13.9% ±7.0$100,000 to $149,999 103 ±44 16.8% ±6.7$150,000 to $199,999 27 ±17 4.4% ±2.7$200,000 or more 13 ±11 2.1% ±1.8Median household income (dollars) 56,442 ±9,043 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 65,331 ±6,406 (X) (X)

With earnings 469 ±87 76.5% ±7.4Mean earnings (dollars) 71,107 ±6,854 (X) (X)

With Social Security 167 ±56 27.2% ±8.1Mean Social Security income (dollars) 21,309 ±4,721 (X) (X)

With retirement income 84 ±38 13.7% ±5.8Mean retirement income (dollars) 21,642 ±6,312 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 38 ±25 6.2% ±4.0Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 9,305 ±2,391 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 4 ±6 0.7% ±1.0Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 87 ±45 14.2% ±7.0

Families 528 ±98 528 (X)Less than $10,000 35 ±19 6.6% ±3.4$10,000 to $14,999 25 ±21 4.7% ±3.9$15,000 to $24,999 79 ±52 15.0% ±9.4$25,000 to $34,999 22 ±28 4.2% ±5.3$35,000 to $49,999 51 ±31 9.7% ±5.6$50,000 to $74,999 97 ±37 18.4% ±6.1$75,000 to $99,999 78 ±44 14.8% ±7.9$100,000 to $149,999 101 ±44 19.1% ±7.6$150,000 to $199,999 27 ±17 5.1% ±3.1$200,000 or more 13 ±11 2.5% ±2.0Median family income (dollars) 60,714 ±16,687 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 70,394 ±5,243 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 20,945 ±582 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 85 ±32 85 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 22,969 ±16,367 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 32,781 ±9,747 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 32,656 ±6,574 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

46,016 ±11,086 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

36,875 ±17,115 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)With health insurance coverage 1,794 ±291 93.0% ±24.8With private health insurance 1,442 ±267 74.8% ±21.0With public coverage 498 ±126 25.8% ±3.6No health insurance coverage 135 ±61 7.0% ±2.8

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 613 ±193 613 (X)No health insurance coverage 8 ±17 1.3% ±2.7

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 1,145 ±239 1,145 (X)In labor force: 824 ±188 824 (X)Employed: 808 ±183 808 (X)With health insurance coverage 736 ±178 91.1% ±7.7With private health insurance 712 ±174 88.1% ±8.1With public coverage 39 ±34 4.8% ±4.1No health insurance coverage 72 ±40 8.9% ±4.5

Unemployed: 16 ±20 16 (X)With health insurance coverage 7 ±10 43.8% ±30.3With private health insurance 7 ±10 43.8% ±30.3With public coverage 4 ±8 25.0% ±39.0No health insurance coverage 9 ±15 56.3% ±62.0

Not in labor force: 321 ±103 321 (X)With health insurance coverage 275 ±92 85.7% ±8.1With private health insurance 147 ±61 45.8% ±12.0With public coverage 142 ±76 44.2% ±18.9No health insurance coverage 46 ±32 14.3% ±8.8

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 16.1% ±7.8 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 21.2% ±15.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only27.1% ±43.9 (X) (X)

Married couple families 9.6% ±8.7 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 15.0% ±15.8 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only22.2% ±39.3 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 31.2% ±23.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 33.3% ±41.4 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only100.0% ±493.3 (X) (X)

All people 20.8% ±12.8 (X) (X)Under 18 years 26.5% ±13.7 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 26.5% ±20.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 32.4% ±39.4 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 24.2% ±19.3 (X) (X)

18 years and over 18.3% ±6.7 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 19.5% ±7.6 (X) (X)65 years and over 9.9% ±6.6 (X) (X)

People in families 20.1% ±14.0 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 31.6% ±35.9 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 676 ±111 676 (X)

Occupied housing units 613 ±97 90.7% ±20.7Vacant housing units 63 ±42 9.3% ±6.0

Homeowner vacancy rate 0.0 ±2.6 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 6.0 ±9.5 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 676 ±111 676 (X)

1-unit, detached 604 ±112 89.3% ±7.71-unit, attached 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.92 units 10 ±17 1.5% ±2.53 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.95 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.910 to 19 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.920 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±2.7Mobile home 62 ±35 9.2% ±5.0Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.9

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 676 ±111 676 (X)

Built 2014 or later 39 ±23 5.8% ±3.3Built 2010 to 2013 12 ±13 1.8% ±1.9Built 2000 to 2009 300 ±81 44.4% ±9.5Built 1990 to 1999 49 ±34 7.2% ±9.5Built 1980 to 1989 94 ±44 13.9% ±6.1Built 1970 to 1979 8 ±8 1.2% ±1.2Built 1960 to 1969 33 ±27 4.9% ±3.9Built 1950 to 1959 21 ±20 3.1% ±2.9Built 1940 to 1949 66 ±33 9.8% ±4.6Built 1939 or earlier 54 ±27 8.0% ±3.8

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 676 ±111 676 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.92 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.93 rooms 29 ±23 4.3% ±3.34 rooms 98 ±46 14.5% ±6.45 rooms 184 ±57 27.2% ±7.16 rooms 127 ±53 18.8% ±7.27 rooms 100 ±47 14.8% ±6.58 rooms 91 ±48 13.5% ±6.79 rooms or more 47 ±31 7.0% ±4.4Median rooms 5.7 ±0.4 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 676 ±111 676 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±1.91 bedroom 18 ±21 2.7% ±3.12 bedrooms 105 ±41 15.5% ±5.53 bedrooms 406 ±99 60.1% ±10.84 bedrooms 135 ±52 20.0% ±7.05 or more bedrooms 12 ±10 1.8% ±1.5

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

Owner-occupied 488 ±98 79.6% ±9.8Renter-occupied 125 ±44 20.4% ±6.4

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 3.22 ±0.54 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.87 ±0.68 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

Moved in 2015 or later 68 ±31 11.1% ±4.8Moved in 2010 to 2014 149 ±44 24.3% ±6.0Moved in 2000 to 2009 265 ±79 43.2% ±10.9Moved in 1990 to 1999 58 ±40 9.5% ±6.4Moved in 1980 to 1989 17 ±23 2.8% ±3.7Moved in 1979 or earlier 56 ±25 9.1% ±3.9

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

No vehicles available 19 ±23 3.1% ±3.71 vehicle available 153 ±55 25.0% ±8.12 vehicles available 280 ±78 45.7% ±10.53 or more vehicles available 161 ±55 26.3% ±7.9

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

Utility gas 62 ±26 10.1% ±3.9Bottled, tank, or LP gas 27 ±17 4.4% ±2.7Electricity 513 ±95 83.7% ±8.1Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1Wood 11 ±19 1.8% ±3.1Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1No fuel used 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 4 ±6 0.7% ±1.0Lacking complete kitchen facilities 0 ±13 0.0% ±2.1No telephone service available 11 ±10 1.8% ±1.6

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 613 ±97 613 (X)

1.00 or less 604 ±113 98.5% ±9.91.01 to 1.50 9 ±20 1.5% ±3.21.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±4.2

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 488 ±98 488 (X)

Less than $50,000 41 ±45 8.4% ±9.0$50,000 to $99,999 60 ±36 12.3% ±7.0$100,000 to $149,999 226 ±60 46.3% ±8.1$150,000 to $199,999 82 ±43 16.8% ±8.2$200,000 to $299,999 44 ±32 9.0% ±6.4$300,000 to $499,999 35 ±26 7.2% ±5.2$500,000 to $999,999 0 ±18 0.0% ±3.8$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±4.6Median (dollars) 133,300 ±8,700 (X) (X)

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MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 488 ±98 488 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 357 ±82 73.2% ±8.2Housing units without a mortgage 131 ±58 26.8% ±10.6

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 357 ±82 357 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±26 0.0% ±7.3$500 to $999 100 ±48 28.0% ±11.8$1,000 to $1,499 172 ±57 48.2% ±11.3$1,500 to $1,999 60 ±35 16.8% ±9.0$2,000 to $2,499 20 ±14 5.6% ±3.7$2,500 to $2,999 5 ±8 1.4% ±2.2$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±6.3Median (dollars) 1,207 ±105 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 131 ±58 131 (X)Less than $250 4 ±24 3.1% ±17.9$250 to $399 42 ±31 32.1% ±18.6$400 to $599 66 ±42 50.4% ±22.8$600 to $799 12 ±17 9.2% ±12.4$800 to $999 7 ±15 5.3% ±11.4$1,000 or more 0 ±32 0.0% ±24.3Median (dollars) 459 ±74 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

357 ±86 357 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 155 ±54 43.4% ±10.920.0 to 24.9 percent 60 ±32 16.8% ±8.025.0 to 29.9 percent 18 ±15 5.0% ±4.030.0 to 34.9 percent 39 ±31 10.9% ±8.335.0 percent or more 85 ±48 23.8% ±12.2

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

131 ±55 131 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 35 ±24 26.7% ±14.510.0 to 14.9 percent 32 ±27 24.4% ±17.915.0 to 19.9 percent 19 ±23 14.5% ±16.520.0 to 24.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±9.925.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±9.930.0 to 34.9 percent 18 ±20 13.7% ±14.135.0 percent or more 27 ±21 20.6% ±13.7


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 98 ±40 98 (X)

Less than $500 11 ±41 11.2% ±42.0$500 to $999 33 ±33 33.7% ±30.7$1,000 to $1,499 51 ±32 52.0% ±25.1$1,500 to $1,999 3 ±5 3.1% ±4.9$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±13.3$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±13.3$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±18.8Median (dollars) 1,031 ±243 (X) (X)

No rent paid 27 ±19 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

98 ±47 98 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 0 ±18 0.0% ±18.815.0 to 19.9 percent 12 ±17 12.2% ±16.320.0 to 24.9 percent 18 ±18 18.4% ±16.125.0 to 29.9 percent 15 ±16 15.3% ±14.630.0 to 34.9 percent 3 ±5 3.1% ±4.935.0 percent or more 50 ±32 51.0% ±21.1


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

Male 862 ±188 44.7% ±2.3Female 1,067 ±256 55.3% ±6.2Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 80.8 ±26.2 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 170 ±74 8.8% ±3.45 to 9 years 149 ±66 7.7% ±3.010 to 14 years 196 ±75 10.2% ±3.215 to 19 years 126 ±71 6.5% ±3.420 to 24 years 131 ±71 6.8% ±3.425 to 34 years 234 ±85 12.1% ±3.635 to 44 years 301 ±82 15.6% ±2.645 to 54 years 242 ±79 12.5% ±3.155 to 59 years 112 ±46 5.8% ±2.060 to 64 years 97 ±41 5.0% ±1.865 to 74 years 99 ±42 5.1% ±1.975 to 84 years 45 ±31 2.3% ±1.585 years and over 27 ±15 1.4% ±0.7

Median age (years) 33.2 ±6.2 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 603 ±138 31.3% ±2.716 years and over 1,408 ±273 73.0% ±21.018 years and over 1,326 ±183 68.7% ±17.421 years and over 1,276 ±178 66.1% ±16.862 years and over 244 ±65 12.6% ±2.065 years and over 171 ±55 8.9% ±2.1

18 years and over 1,326 ±183 1,326 (X)Male 576 ±120 43.4% ±6.7Female 750 ±138 56.6% ±6.9Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 76.8 ±7.4 (X) (X)

65 years and over 171 ±55 171 (X)Male 64 ±33 37.4% ±15.1Female 107 ±44 62.6% ±15.9Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 59.8 ±18.7 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

One race 1,915 ±410 99.3% ±3.0Two or more races 14 ±16 0.7% ±0.8One race 1,915 ±410 99.3% ±3.0

White 1,238 ±285 64.2% ±5.8Black or African American 656 ±323 34.0% ±15.1American Indian and Alaska Native 3 ±6 0.2% ±0.3Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7

Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±1.0Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±2.8

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±1.9

Some other race 18 ±31 0.9% ±1.6Two or more races 14 ±16 0.7% ±0.8

White and Black or African American 12 ±16 0.6% ±0.8White and American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7White and Asian 2 ±4 0.1% ±0.2Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

White 1,252 ±287 64.9% ±5.7Black or African American 668 ±321 34.6% ±14.9American Indian and Alaska Native 3 ±6 0.2% ±0.3Asian 2 ±4 0.1% ±0.2Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Some other race 18 ±31 0.9% ±1.6

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 1,929 ±409 1,929 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 50 ±46 2.6% ±2.3Mexican 34 ±41 1.8% ±2.1Puerto Rican 10 ±18 0.5% ±0.9Cuban 6 ±10 0.3% ±0.5Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±1.3

Not Hispanic or Latino 1,879 ±398 97.4% ±29.2White alone 1,206 ±276 62.5% ±5.4Black or African American alone 656 ±323 34.0% ±15.1American Indian and Alaska Native alone 3 ±6 0.2% ±0.3Asian alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Two or more races 14 ±16 0.7% ±0.8Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±0.7Two races excluding Some other race, and 14 ±16 0.7% ±0.8Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 1,318 ±201 1,318 (X)

Male 573 ±126 43.5% ±6.9Female 745 ±157 56.5% ±8.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-17 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2013-2017 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

Demographic Proﬁle: Guyton -...

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