Chapter 008 Secondary Storage

Chapter 008 Secondary Storage

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Hard disks store and organize files using all the following, except A. tracksB. sectorsC. cylindersD. paths

2. An internal hard disk A. provides a variable amount of storageB. provides a fixed amount of storageC. is easily portableD. is generally slow

3. Which of the following is not a utility to ensure backup and adequate performance of an internal hard disk? A. BackupB. Disk CleanupC. Disk DefragmenterD. Internet Explorer

4. The hard disk's disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed when there is a A. head crashB. cylinder crashC. track crashD. sector crash

5. Which of the following is not an example of secondary storage? A. External hard drivesB. RAIDC. RAMD. Flash drives

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6. An external hard disk A. is heavyB. is hard to removeC. has a typical capacity of 40 to 100 MBD. usually connects to a USB port

7. Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as A. volatile storageB. sequential storageC. direct storageD. nonvolatile storage

8. The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as A. backing upB. restoringC. writingD. reading

9. The ____ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold. A. accessB. capacityC. memoryD. storage

10. Which of the following measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs? A. Nonvolatile mediaB. CapacityC. Access speedD. RAM

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11. One way to improve the storage capacity of a hard disk is to A. format oftenB. use file compressionC. increase memoryD. use Linux

12. This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU. A. Data compressionB. Data accessC. Disk cachingD. RAID

13. Which of the following statements on RAIDs is incorrect? A. provide expanded storage capabilityB. have a fast access speedC. are highly reliableD. are composed on one high-capacity hard disk drive

14. Three ways to improve the performance of a hard disk include A. disk caching, RAID, and file expansionB. file compression, disk caching, and file encryptionC. disk caching, RAID, and file compressionD. RAID, file compression and disk expansion

15. Which of these is not an example of solid state storage? A. DVDsB. SSDsC. Flash memory cardsD. USB drives

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16. An iPod uses which of these technologies? A. Optical driveB. Solid state driveC. Flash memoryD. Flash drive

17. Optical discs A. can hold up to 10 gigabytes of data.B. use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s.C. typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk.D. have had little impact on storage.

18. A CD-RW disc A. can be written to only once.B. can be erased and rewritten.C. holds more data than a DVD.D. is an example of solid state storage.

19. All of the following are true of DVD-ROM drives except A. they are also known as erasable optical discs.B. they can provide over two hours of high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres.C. they are a type of optical disc.D. DVD-ROM stands for "digital versatile disc–read only memory".

20. The standard for high definition optical discs is A. DVD-RAMB. HD DVDC. Blu-rayD. HD CD

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21. These discs have a capacity of 25 to 100 gigabytes. A. HD DVDB. CDC. DVDD. Blu-Ray

22. Which of the following is not a type of secondary storage? A. MemoryB. Hard disksC. Optical discsD. Solid-state storage

23. What is it called when servers on the Internet supply applications as a service, rather than a product? A. Digital versatile computingB. Service computingC. Cloud computingD. Optical computing

24. Which of the following is not meant to store highly personalized or sensitive information? A. Online storageB. Flash driveC. Solid State storageD. Hard Disk drive

25. Which of these is not a mass storage device? A. RAID systemB. File serverC. Optical discD. Tape library

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True / False Questions

26. Media are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs. True False

27. The process of saving information to a secondary storage device is referred to as embedding. True False

28. Secondary storage provides temporary or volatile storage. True False

29. Hard disks use tracks, sectors, and cylinders to store files. True False

30. A smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause a hard disk head crash. True False

31. A hard crash occurs typically on an optical disk when it makes contact with particles on its surface. True False

32. External hard disks are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. True False

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33. External hard disks use different technology than internal hard disks. True False

34. Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by compressing files. True False

35. Disk caching uses a combination of hardware and software. True False

36. RAID connects several inexpensive hard-disk drives to one another. True False

37. File compression is only available on hard disk drives. True False

38. CD-ROMs are often used to archive data and to record music downloaded from the Internet. True False

39. DVDs have replaced CDs as the standard optical disc. True False

40. Almost all microcomputers today have at least one hard-disk drive, and one optical drive, with USB ports that can support portable solid state drives. True False

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41. Facebook is one example of cloud storage. True False

42. If you have used Google Apps to create a word processing document, you have already used cloud computing. True False

43. In order to access your documents and files that are stored in the cloud, you must have an Internet connection. True False

44. Mass storage devices are primary storage devices designed to store large amounts of data for an organization. True False

45. File servers are appropriate devices to use in an enterprise storage system. True False

Fill in the Blank Questions

46. _____ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs. ________________________________________

47. Tracks are divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called _____. ________________________________________

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48. Disk _____ improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. ________________________________________

49. A(n) _____ hard disk is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port. ________________________________________

50. A _____ occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. ________________________________________

51. You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as _____. ________________________________________

52. File _____expands compressed files. ________________________________________

53. Due to its expanded storage capability, fast access speed, and high reliability, _____ is often used by Internet servers and large organizations. ________________________________________

54. USB drives are also known as _____ drives. ________________________________________

55. _____ memory cards are a form of a solid-state storage device widely used in GPS navigation systems. ________________________________________

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56. CD-ROM is an example of a(n) _____ type of storage medium. ________________________________________

57. DVD + R and DVD-R both stand for DVD _____. ________________________________________

58. An internal hard disk uses _____ access to retrieve data. ________________________________________

59. DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital _____ disc. ________________________________________

60. The hi-def standard for optical discs is the _____ Disc. ________________________________________

61. The three basic storage options are hard disk, _____, and solid-state storage. ________________________________________

62. With _____ or online storage, access speed is slower because all information must travel across the Internet. ________________________________________

63. A better alternative to sending large music or video files through email is to use a ________ or online storage service. ________________________________________

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64. Large organizations store their data through a strategy called a(n) _____. ________________________________________

Essay Questions

65. Discuss the importance and uses of secondary storage devices.

66. List and explain some of the important characteristics of secondary storage.

67. What causes a head crash to occur?

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68. Describe a RAID.

69. What is solid state storage? Give examples.

70. Briefly discuss the differences between CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs.

71. Describe how file compression works. Explain the advantages of file compression.

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72. Describe some of the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud computing and cloud storage.

73. Describe some of the mass storage devices that are included in the enterprise storage system.

74. What is a storage area network?

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Chapter 008 Secondary Storage Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 223) Hard disks store and organize files using all the following, except A. tracksB. sectorsC. cylindersD. paths

Hard disks store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders.

Difficulty: Hard

2. (p. 224) An internal hard disk A. provides a variable amount of storageB. provides a fixed amount of storageC. is easily portableD. is generally slow

Internal hard disks provide fast access; however, they have a fixed amount of storage and cannot be easily removed from the system cabinet.

Difficulty: Medium

3. (p. 224) Which of the following is not a utility to ensure backup and adequate performance of an internal hard disk? A. BackupB. Disk CleanupC. Disk DefragmenterD. Internet Explorer

To ensure adequate performance of your internal hard disk, you should perform routine maintenance and periodically make backup copies of all important files. For hard-disk maintenance and backup procedures you can use the following: the Windows utilities Backup, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter.

Difficulty: Medium

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4. (p. 224) The hard disk's disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed when there is a A. head crashB. cylinder crashC. track crashD. sector crash

A head crash occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface, and some or all of the data is destroyed.

Difficulty: Hard

5. (p. 222) Which of the following is not an example of secondary storage? A. External hard drivesB. RAIDC. RAMD. Flash drives

RAM provides only temporary or volatile storage. Secondary storage provides permanent or nonvolatile storage.

Difficulty: Easy

6. (p. 224) An external hard disk A. is heavyB. is hard to removeC. has a typical capacity of 40 to 100 MBD. usually connects to a USB port

External hard disks typically connect to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit, are easily removed, and effectively provide an unlimited amount of storage.

Difficulty: Hard

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7. (p. 222) Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as A. volatile storageB. sequential storageC. direct storageD. nonvolatile storage

Secondary storage is nonvolatile storage as it does not lose the data when the power is turned off.

Difficulty: Easy

8. (p. 222) The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as A. backing upB. restoringC. writingD. reading

Reading is the process of accessing information from secondary storage.

Difficulty: Easy

9. (p. 222) The ____ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold. A. accessB. capacityC. memoryD. storage

Capacity measures how much a particular storage medium can hold.

Difficulty: Easy

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10. (p. 223) Which of the following measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs? A. Nonvolatile mediaB. CapacityC. Access speedD. RAM

Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data.

Difficulty: Medium

11. (p. 225) One way to improve the storage capacity of a hard disk is to A. format oftenB. use file compressionC. increase memoryD. use Linux

File compression increases storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs.

Difficulty: Medium

12. (p. 225) This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU. A. Data compressionB. Data accessC. Disk cachingD. RAID

Disk caching is the process of storing frequently used data from a disk into memory.

Difficulty: Medium

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13. (p. 225) Which of the following statements on RAIDs is incorrect? A. provide expanded storage capabilityB. have a fast access speedC. are highly reliableD. are composed on one high-capacity hard disk drive

RAIDs improve performance by expanding external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage through several inexpensive hard-disk drives connected to one another.

Difficulty: Medium

14. (p. 225) Three ways to improve the performance of a hard disk include A. disk caching, RAID, and file expansionB. file compression, disk caching, and file encryptionC. disk caching, RAID, and file compressionD. RAID, file compression and disk expansion

Three ways to improve the performance of hard disks are disk caching, RAID, and file compression/decompression.

Difficulty: Medium

15. (p. 230, 231) Which of these is not an example of solid state storage? A. DVDsB. SSDsC. Flash memory cardsD. USB drives

Solid state drives (SSDs), Flash memory cards, and USB drives (flash drives) are all examples of solid state storage devices.

Difficulty: Easy

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16. (p. 230) An iPod uses which of these technologies? A. Optical driveB. Solid state driveC. Flash memoryD. Flash drive

Flash memory is used in digital media players like the iPod to store and play music and video files.

Difficulty: Hard

17. (p. 226) Optical discs A. can hold up to 10 gigabytes of data.B. use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s.C. typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk.D. have had little impact on storage.

Unlike the concentric tracks and wedge-shaped sectors used for hard disks, however, optical discs typically use a single track that spirals toward the center of the disk.

Difficulty: Hard

18. (p. 226) A CD-RW disc A. can be written to only once.B. can be erased and rewritten.C. holds more data than a DVD.D. is an example of solid state storage.

CD-RW stands for compact disc rewritable. They are also known as erasable optical discs.

Difficulty: Medium

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19. (p. 227) All of the following are true of DVD-ROM drives except A. they are also known as erasable optical discs.B. they can provide over two hours of high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres.C. they are a type of optical disc.D. DVD-ROM stands for "digital versatile disc–read only memory".

DVD-ROM are not erasable.

Difficulty: Hard

20. (p. 227) The standard for high definition optical discs is A. DVD-RAMB. HD DVDC. Blu-rayD. HD CD

The hi def standard is Blu-ray.

Difficulty: Medium

21. (p. 227) These discs have a capacity of 25 to 100 gigabytes. A. HD DVDB. CDC. DVDD. Blu-Ray

Blu-ray discs have a capacity of 25 to 100 gigabytes, more than 20 times the capacity of a standard single-layer DVD.

Difficulty: Hard

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22. (p. 2222) Which of the following is not a type of secondary storage? A. MemoryB. Hard disksC. Optical discsD. Solid-state storage

There are three basic secondary storage options. They are hard disks, optical discs and solid-state storage.

Difficulty: Easy

23. (p. 231) What is it called when servers on the Internet supply applications as a service, rather than a product? A. Digital versatile computingB. Service computingC. Cloud computingD. Optical computing

Cloud computing makes use of Internet servers to provide access to applications as a service.

Difficulty: Easy

24. (p. 231) Which of the following is not meant to store highly personalized or sensitive information? A. Online storageB. Flash driveC. Solid State storageD. Hard Disk drive

Because of certain limitations, online storage is typically used as a specialized secondary storage device and not for storing highly personalized or sensitive information.

Difficulty: Easy

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25. (p. 234, 235) Which of these is not a mass storage device? A. RAID systemB. File serverC. Optical discD. Tape library

Mass storage devices include file servers, network attached storage, RAID systems, tape library, and organizational cloud storage.

Difficulty: Medium

True / False Questions

26. (p. 223) Media are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

27. (p. 222) The process of saving information to a secondary storage device is referred to as embedding. FALSE

Difficulty: Easy

28. (p. 222) Secondary storage provides temporary or volatile storage. FALSE

Difficulty: Medium

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29. (p. 223) Hard disks use tracks, sectors, and cylinders to store files. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

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30. (p. 223) A smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause a hard disk head crash. TRUE

Difficulty: Medium

31. (p. 224) A hard crash occurs typically on an optical disk when it makes contact with particles on its surface. FALSE

Difficulty: Medium

32. (p. 225) External hard disks are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

33. (p. 225) External hard disks use different technology than internal hard disks. FALSE

Difficulty: Easy

34. (p. 225) Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by compressing files. FALSE

Difficulty: Medium

35. (p. 225) Disk caching uses a combination of hardware and software. TRUE

Difficulty: Medium

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36. (p. 225) RAID connects several inexpensive hard-disk drives to one another. TRUE

Difficulty: Medium

37. (p. 225) File compression is only available on hard disk drives. FALSE

Difficulty: Easy

38. (p. 226) CD-ROMs are often used to archive data and to record music downloaded from the Internet. FALSE

Difficulty: Hard

39. (p. 227) DVDs have replaced CDs as the standard optical disc. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

40. (p. 226) Almost all microcomputers today have at least one hard-disk drive, and one optical drive, with USB ports that can support portable solid state drives. TRUE

Difficulty: Medium

41. (p. 234) Facebook is one example of cloud storage. FALSE

Difficulty: Easy

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42. (p. 231, 234) If you have used Google Apps to create a word processing document, you have already used cloud computing. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

43. (p. 231) In order to access your documents and files that are stored in the cloud, you must have an Internet connection. TRUE

Difficulty: Easy

44. (p. 234) Mass storage devices are primary storage devices designed to store large amounts of data for an organization. FALSE

Difficulty: Medium

45. (p. 234) File servers are appropriate devices to use in an enterprise storage system. TRUE

Difficulty: Medium

Fill in the Blank Questions

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46. (p. 223) _____ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs. Access

Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs.

Difficulty: Easy

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47. (p. 223) Tracks are divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called _____. sectors

Tracks are rings of concentric circles without visible grooves. Each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called sectors.

Difficulty: Easy

48. (p. 225) Disk _____ improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. caching

Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs.

Difficulty: Medium

49. (p. 224) A(n) _____ hard disk is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port. external

External hard disks typically connect to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit.

Difficulty: Medium

50. (p. 224) A _____ occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. head crash

A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk. The disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed.

Difficulty: Medium

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51. (p. 225) You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as _____. WinZip

You can compress and decompress files using specialized utilities such as WinZip.

Difficulty: Medium

52. (p. 225) File _____expands compressed files. decompression

File decompression expands compressed files.

Difficulty: Medium

53. (p. 225) Due to its expanded storage capability, fast access speed, and high reliability, _____ is often used by Internet servers and large organizations. RAID

RAID is often used by Internet servers and large organizations.

Difficulty: Hard

54. (p. 231) USB drives are also known as _____ drives. flash

USB drives, or flash drives, are so compact they can be transported on a key ring.

Difficulty: Easy

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55. (p. 230) _____ memory cards are a form of a solid-state storage device widely used in GPS navigation systems. Flash

Flash memory cards are widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones and GPS navigation systems.

Difficulty: Medium

56. (p. 226) CD-ROM is an example of a(n) _____ type of storage medium. optical

Optical discs come in many different sizes. The two most common are CD and DVD.

Difficulty: Hard

57. (p. 227) DVD + R and DVD-R both stand for DVD _____. recordable

DVD+R and DVD-R are two competing write-once DVD formats. Both stand for DVD recordable.

Difficulty: Medium

58. (p. 224) An internal hard disk uses _____ access to retrieve data. direct

Disks provide fast direct access.

Difficulty: Medium

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59. (p. 227) DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital _____ disc. video

DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital video disc.

Difficulty: Easy

60. (p. 227) The hi-def standard for optical discs is the _____ Disc. Blu-ray

The hi def standard is Blue-ray Disc.

Difficulty: Easy

61. (p. 222) The three basic storage options are hard disk, _____, and solid-state storage. optical disc

The three basic storage options for a typical microcomputer user are hard disk, optical disk, and solid-state storage.

Difficulty: Medium

62. (p. 231) With _____ or online storage, access speed is slower because all information must travel across the Internet. cloud

Cloud or online storage provides users with storage space that can be accessed from a Web site.

Difficulty: Easy

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63. (p. 232) A better alternative to sending large music or video files through email is to use a ________ or online storage service. cloud

Cloud storage allows you to upload and store your files on Internet servers, either for backing up or for sharing with other users.

Difficulty: Medium

64. (p. 234) Large organizations store their data through a strategy called a(n) _____. enterprise storage system

Most large organizations have established a strategy called an enterprise storage system to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations.

Difficulty: Easy

Essay Questions

65. (p. 222) Discuss the importance and uses of secondary storage devices.

Secondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to transport files consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another.

Difficulty: Medium

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66. (p. 223) List and explain some of the important characteristics of secondary storage.

Some important characteristics of secondary storage include (1) Media which are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs, (2) Capacity which measures how much a particular storage medium can hold, (3) Storage devices which are the hardware that reads data and programs from storage media. Most also write to storage media and (4) Access speed which measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs.

Difficulty: Hard

67. (p. 224) What causes a head crash to occur?

A head crash occurs when a read/write head makes contact with the hard disk's surface or with particles on its surface. A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk. The disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is destroyed. At one time, head crashes were commonplace.

Difficulty: Easy

68. (p. 225) Describe a RAID.

RAID, or redundant array of inexpensive disks, improves performance by expanding external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage. In a RAID, several inexpensive hard-disk drives are connected to one another. The connected hard-disk drives are related or grouped together, and the computer system interacts with the RAID system as though it were a single large-capacity drive.

Difficulty: Hard

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69. (p. 230, 231) What is solid state storage? Give examples.

Solid state storage devices have no moving parts. Data and information are stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices much as they would be from conventional computer memory. Solid-state drives (SDDs) are similar to hard disk drives, but they use solid-state memory instead of magnetic discs to store data. Flash memory cards are small solid-state storage devices used in portable devices like mobile phones and GPS navigation systems. They are also used to store images from digital cameras and then to transfer the images to a personal computer. USB drives, or flash drives, are so compact they can be transported on a key ring. These drives connect to a computer's USB port to transfer files.

Difficulty: Hard

70. (p. 226, 227) Briefly discuss the differences between CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs.

CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray are all optical disc formats. All three come in read only, write once, and rewritable versions. CDs have the smallest capacity (650 MB to 1 GB), followed by DVDs (4.7 GB to 17 GB), with Blu-ray having the largest capacity (25 to 100 GB). Although Blu-ray media are the same size as CDs and DVDs, the discs require special drives. Most Blu-ray drives can also read CDs and DVDs as well.

Difficulty: Medium

71. (p. 225) Describe how file compression works. Explain the advantages of file compression.

File compression programs, such as WinZip, scan files for ways to reduce the amount of required storage. One way is to search for repeating patterns. The repeating patterns are replaced with a token, leaving enough tokens so that the original can be rebuilt or decompressed. These programs often shrink files to a quarter of their original size. In addition to increasing storage capacity, file compression also helps to speed up transmission of files from one computer to another, and makes sending files across the Internet far more efficient.

Difficulty: Easy

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72. (p. 231) Describe some of the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud computing and cloud storage.

A few of the advantages or benefits of using cloud computing and cloud storage include: (1) you are able to tap into the power of the provider's computers and servers, while your desktop computer simply displays the results, (2) you can access your applications and data from any Internet-ready device, and (3) you do not need to continually install and maintain security patches on your desktop computers, since the software "lives" on the server and is updated and maintained by the service provider. As for disadvantages, you require access to the Internet and access speed is slower, since all information must travel over the Internet. Users are also dependent on the availability and security procedures of the service site.

Difficulty: Medium

73. (p. 234, 235) Describe some of the mass storage devices that are included in the enterprise storage system.

File servers are dedicated computers with very large storage capacities that provide users access to fast storage and retrieval of data. Network attached storage (NAS) is similar to a file server except it is simpler and less expensive. RAID systems enhance organizational security by constantly duplicating files moving across the organization's networks. Tape libraries provide automatic access to data archived on a large collection or library of tapes. Organizational cloud storage utilizes a high-speed Internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational cloud storage site.

Difficulty: Medium

74. (p. 235, 236) What is a storage area network?

A storage area network (SAN) is an architecture to link remote computer storage devices, such as enterprise storage systems, to computers such that the devices are as available as locally attached drives. In a SAN system, the user's computer provides the file system for storing data, but the SAN provides the disk space. The key to a SAN is a high-speed network, connecting individual computers to mass storage devices.

Difficulty: Medium

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Chapter 008 Secondary Storage

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Transcript of Chapter 008 Secondary Storage