A Revision of the New World Species of Stethorus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

A Revision of the New World Species of Stethorus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)Author(s): Robert D. Gordon and Edward A. ChapinSource: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-), Vol. 109, No. 3 (Sep.,1983), pp. 229-276Published by: American Entomological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078324 .

Accessed: 03/06/2014 10:24

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

American Entomological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access toTransactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 83.209.61.181 on Tue, 3 Jun 2014 10:24:17 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aes

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078324?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF STETHORUS WEISE (COLE?PTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

Robert D. Gordon

Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII,

Agricultural Research Service, USDA,

c/o U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560

and

Edward A. Chap?n1 Department of Entomology

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Abstract

The mite feeding genus Stethorus in the Western Hemisphere is treated tax

onomically. Of a total of 21 species recorded, 11 are described for the first time: S.

caseyi, S. cari bus, S. pseudocaribus, S. pinachi, S. fractus, S. micellus, S.

minutalus, S. mayaroi, S. brasilensis, S. simillimus, S. grossepunctatus. A key to

species and illustrations are provided; a current list of the world fauna and a table of

available host data are included.

Introduction

Interest in species of this genus as biological control agents has

caused numerous requests for identification in recent years. The

species in question often have been undescribed, or new Western

Hemisphere records which have led to papers by Gordon and

Anderson (1979) and Gordon (1982). Enough material has now

been accumulated to make a comprehensive treatment of New

World species possible. Prior to E.A. Chapin's death in 1969, he had begun to organize

material and had made a large number of slides of male and female

genitalia with the intent of revising the genus. Therefore, it is only

fitting that he coauthor this paper. His careful and meticulous

work has made the preparation of this revision possible at this time.

Kapur (1948) published a review of the Old World species of

Stethorus which included 20 species. At that time there were 7

deceased, 1969, but still with watchful eye.

(229)



230 A REVISION OF THE GENUS STETHORUS

species known from the New World. Since 1948, many species have

been described from the Old World and 2 from the New, so that the

total number now stands at 67, including the species newly de

scribed here (see list of species included). There are 4 comprehensive articles in which the bulk of the

species described since 1948 are treated. These are: Chazeau (1971)

(Madagascar and the Mascar ene Islands); Chazeau, Etienne, and

Fursch (1974) (Reunion Island); Pang and Mao (1975) (China); and

Houston (1980) (Australia). For the loan of type material and other specimens we thank R.

Pope and R. Thompson, British Museum (BMNH); D. Kavanaugh, California Academy of Sciences (CAS); and J. Hall, University of

California, Riverside. For the loan of specimens we thank D. Ben

nett, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Trinidad

(FDB); and the United States National Museum (USNM). The

illustrations herein were prepared by Mary Lou Cooley, staff illus

trator, SEL: Edward Baker, SEL staff, checked all mite names. R.

Poole and D.R. Whitehead (SEL), and R.D. Pope (BMNH) re

viewed the manuscript. Published host records found in the course of this study indicate

that members of Stethorus feed solely on mites, and are apparently further restricted to feeding on spider mites, family Tetranychidae.

There does not seem to be much indication of host specificity other

than at the family level. For example, Houston (1980) lists label

data for the 4 species of Australian Stethorus, including host

records, and it is apparent that all 4 are capable of preying on the

same mite species. We suspect that this lack of host specificity is the

rule throughout the genus. The available host records are tabulated

in the following list with the source indicated. This list is not com

prehensive, but consists of those records readily available to us.



R. D. GORDON AND E. A. CHAP?N

Host records for species of Stethorus

231

Stethorus species Host Source

S. bifidus Kapur

S. comoriensis Chazeau

S. fenestralis Houston

S. fijiensis Kapur

5. fuerschi Chazeau

S. granum (Gorham)

S. gutierrezi Chazeau

5. histrio Chazeau

Panonychus ulmi

(Koch) Bryobia sp.

Eutetranychus sam

biranensis

Gutierrez & Halle

Oligonychus coffeae

(Nietner)

Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?

Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Tetranychus marianae

McGregor

Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker

Oligonychus sp.

Tetranychus roseus

Gutierrez

Oligonychus chazeaui

Gutierrez

Oligonychus punicae

(Hirst) Oligonychus sp.

Sch izo tetranych us

fauveli Gutierrez

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker

Tetranychus hydrangeae Pritchard & Baker

Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?

Oligonychus thelytokus Gutierrez

Kapur, 1948

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1971a

Chazeau, 1971a

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1971b

Chazeau, 1971b

Hall & Fleschner, 1958

Chazeau, 1979

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VOL. 109




S. madecassus Chazeau

S. nigripes Kapur

S. pauperculus Weise

S. picipes Casey

S. proximus Chazeau

S. punctillum Weise

5. punctum (LeConte)

S. siphonulus Kapur

Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?


Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Oligonychus indicus

(Hirst) Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Panonychus ulmi

(Koch) Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?

Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker


McGregor

Tetranychus urticae

Koch


Bryobia praetiosa Koch

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Tetranychus turkestani

Ugar. & Nik.

Panonychus ulmi

(Koch) Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Panonychus ulmi

(Koch) Tetranychus cinna

barinus

(Boisduval)

Tetranychus tumidus

Banks

Chazeau, 1974

Chazeau, 1979

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Kapur, 1948

Kapur, 1948

Kapur, 1948

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Kapur, 1948

Kapur, 1949

Kapur, 1948

Kapur, 1948

Kapur, 1948

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979



R. D. GORDON AND E. A. CHAP?N 233

S. tridens Gordon

S. utilis (Horn)

S. vagans (Blackburn)

Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?

Eutetranychus banksi

(McGregor)

Oligonychus exsiccator

(Zehntner)

Tetranychus cinna

barinus

(Boisduval) Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Mononychellus canajoa

(Bondar)

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Tetranychus urticae

Koch

Tetranychus Iambi

Pritchard & Baker


Oligonychus sp.

Bryobia praetiosa Koch


Tetranychus neocale

donicus

Andr?


McGregor

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Gordon, 1982

Gordon, 1982

Label data

Kapur, 1948

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Houston, 1980

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

Chazeau, 1979

The rate of discovery of undescribed species of Stethorus has been explosive in re

cent years, so that any extant catalog is completely inadequate. Therefore we pro

vide the following world list of Stethorus species including original citations and

areas of distribution.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 109




List of Stethorus species worldwide

Name Original Citation

Approximate Distribution

S. aethiops Weise 1899, p. 64

S. apt us apt us Kapur 1948, p. 314

S. apt us tsutsuii Nakane & Araki 1959, p. 48

5. bifidus Kapur 1948, p. 417

S. binchuanensis Pang & Mao 1975, p. 419

S. brasilensis Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

S. cantonensis Pang 1966, p. 77

S. caribus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

5. caseyi Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

S. chazeaui Fursch 1974, p. 30

S. chengi Sasaji 1968, p. 2

5. comoriensis Chazeau 1971 a, p. 160

5. cribripennis (Champion) 1913, p. 123

S. cruralis Sicard 1909, p. 147

S. darwini (Br?thes) 1924, p. 168

S. emarginatus Miyatake 1966, p. 51

5. endroedyi Fursch 1970, p. 98

S. fenestralis Houston 1980, p. 82

S. fijiensis Kapur 1948, p. 318

S. fractus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp. S. fuerschi Chazeau 1971b, p. 786

S. gilvifrons (Mulsant) 1850, p. 995

S. granum (Gorham) 1897, p. 233

S. griseus Chazeau 1979, p. 300

S. grossepunctatus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

S. guangxiensis Pang & Mao 1975, p. 421

S. gutierrezi Chazeau 1979, p. 298

5. hirashimai Sasaji 1968, p. 5

S. hist rio Chazeau 1974, p. 269

S. indira Kapur 1950, p. 148

S. japonicus Kamiya 1959, p. 140

S. jejunus Casey 1899, p. 136

S. keralicus Kapur 1961, p. 35

S. loi Sasaji 1968, p. 2

S. longisiphonulus Pang 1966, p. 78

S. madecassus Chazeau 1971b, p. 782

S. may ami Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

S. micellus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

5. minutalus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

Africa

China

Japan New Zealand

China

Brazil

China

Caribbean

United States, Mexico

Sao Tome Island

Taiwan

Comores Archipelago Central America

Madagascar South America

Japan Africa

Australia

Fiji Islands Brazil

Madagascar

Europe, Asia

Central America

New Zealand

Brazil

China

Melanesia

Taiwan

Oceania, Chile, Mexico

India

Japan Africa

India

Taiwan

China

Madagascar Trinidad

Colombia

Mexico




S. minutissimus Sicard 1909, p. 146

5. murilloi Gordon 1982, p.

S. nigripes Kapur 1948, p. 316

S. parapauperculus Pang 1966, p. 79

5. parcepunctatus Kapur 1948, p. 312

S. pauperculus Weise 1895, p. 155

S. pinachi Gordon & Chapin, n. sp.

S. proximus Chazeau 1979, p. 296

S. pseudocaribus Gordon & Chapin, n. sp. S. punctillum Weise 1891, p. 781

S. punctum picipes Casey 1899, p. 136

S. punctum punctum (LeConte) 1852, p. 141

S. ram Kapur 1948, p. 313

S. salutaris Kapur 1948, p. 306

S. shaanxiensis Pang & Mao 1975, p. 420

S. simillimus Gordon & Chapin n. sp.

S. siphonulus Kapur 1948,

S. tetranychi Kapur 1948,

S. tridens Gordon 1982,

S. truncatus Kapur 1948,

S. utilis (Horn) 1895,

S. vagans (Blackburn) 1892,

5. vietnamicus Hoang 1979, S. vinsoni Kapur 1948, S. weisei Mader 1950, S. wollastoni Kapur 1948, S. yezoensis Miyatake 1966, S. yunnanensis Pang & Mao 1975,

p. 314

p. 311

P.

p. 315

p. 107

p. 248

p. 12

p. 309

p. 67

p. 305

p. 53

p. 421

Madagascar South America

Australia

China

India

India, Arabia

United States, Mexico

Melanesia

Caribbean

Palearctic, N. America

North America

North America

India

West Africa

China

South America

Malaysia India

S. and Central America

Malaysia N. America, Caribbean

Australia

Vietnam

Mauritius

Africa

Canary Islands

Japan China

Tribe Stethorini

Stethorini Dobzhansky, 1924, p. 20.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 110.?Kapur, 1948,

302.?Sasaji, 1968, p. 23.?J. Chapin, 1974, p. 16. Type-genus, Stethorus

Weise.

Scymniae of small size, less than 2.0 mm; pubescent dorsally. Antenna

11-segmented; inserted between eye and clypeus, clypeus not emarginate around

base. Maxillary palpus with terminal segment convergent apically. Prosternum

lobed anteriorly, partially concealing mouthparts; intercoxal process without

carinae. Leg free, simple; tarsus cryptotetramerous or trimerous. Abdomen with 6

visible sterna.

This tribe contains a single genus, Stethorus, which has usually been placed in the

tribe Scymnini. Dobzhansky (1924) erected the tribe Stethorini, but Korschefsky





(1939) synonymized Stethorini with Scymnini, and Kapur (1948) agreed with this

placement. Sasaji (1968) considered Stethorini a valid tribe and we concur with his

treatment.

Stethorini is easily separated from all other tribes of Scymninae because the

clypeus is not emarginate around the antennal bases, and the prosternum is arcu

ately produced in front, partly concealing the mouthparts.

Genus Stethorus Weise

Scymnus (Stethorus) Weise, 1885, p. 74.

Stethorus: Casey, 1899, p. 135.?Kapur, 1948, p. 300.?Wingo, 1952, p. 19.?

J. Chapin, 1974, p. 16.?Belicek, 1976, p. 297.?Gordon and Anderson, 1979,

p. 61. Type-species: Stethorus punctillum Weise, by subsequent designation of

Korschefsky, 1931.

Nephopullus Br?thes, 1925, p. 167.?Kapur, 1948, p. 300. Type-species;

Nephopullus darwini Br?thes, by subsequent designation of Korschefsky, 1931.

NEW SYNONYMY.

Color black except antenna and mouthparts usually yellow, leg usually yellow. Head with moderately coarsely faceted eye; clypeus truncate or feebly emarginate

anteriorly, anterolateral angle rounded. Antenna short, 11-segmented, club

3-segmented (fig. 1). Maxillary palpus with apical segment oblong, obliquely trun

cate and narrowed toward apex (fig. 2). Prosternum without carinae, produced

anteriorly to partly conceal mouthparts (fig. 3). Tarsus trimerous or cryp

totetramerous; tarsal claw bifid (fig. 4), inner claw shorter in male than in female.

Abdomen with post coxal line on basal sternum usually complete (fig. 6), sometimes

incomplete (fig. 91). Male genitalia with basal lobe symmetrical or asymmetrical. Female spermathecal capsule present or absent, genital plate small, not triangular

(fig. 5). Two subgenera, Stethorus, s. str., and Parastethorus occur in the Western

Hemisphere. One additional subgenus, Allostethorus Khnzorian, was described for

a single species, amurensis Khnzorian, from Siberia. Four additional species from

China and Taiwan were placed in Allostethorus by Pang and Mao (1975).

Key to Western Hemisphere subgenera of Stethorus

1. Postcoxal line incomplete (fig. 91).Parastethorus Pang and Mao

Postcoxal line complete (fig .6).Stethorus Weise

Subgenus Stethorus

Scymnus (Stethorus) Weise, 1885, p. 74.

Stethorus: Casey, 1899, p. 135.



R. D. GORDON AND E. A. CHAPIN 237

Figures 1-5. Various structures of Stethorus spp: Fig. 1, antenna; fig. 2, max^k

illary palpus; fig. 3, prosternum; fig. 4, tarsus and claws; fig. 5, genital plates of

female genitalia.

Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum complete (fig. 6). Male genitalia with

sipho slender, elongate, or short, stout lacking apical prongs (fig. 9); basal lobe

variable, not dorsoventrally, flattened, apex not emarginate; trabes usually shorter

than basal lobe; paramere slender, usually elongate (fig. 7). The structure of the male genitalia of Stethorus offers a means to group species

based on similarity. If the world fauna is studied, subgenera and perhaps genera

could be formally defined, but in a regional treatment we prefer to indicate relation

ships on an informal basis.




238 A revision of the genus stethorus

Group I.?Male genitalia: trabes strongly forked at proximal extremity; basal

lobe triangular, length less than 4 times basal width; paramere shorter than basal

lobe, straight and broad; sipho moderately stout throughout its length, apex blunt, unmodified. Female genitalia: spermathecal capsule present. External

characteristics: dorsal and ventral punctation usually not coarse, if so, then not

dense; dorsal pubescence usually long, semierect. Included species: 5. utilis (Horn); S. caseyi, n. sp.; 5. caribus, n. sp.; S. pseudocaribus, n. sp.

Group //.?Male genitalia; trabes feebly forked at proximal extremity; basal lobe

triangular, length 6 times basal width; paramere less than 1/2 the length of basal

lobe, straight and broad; sipho short, stout throughout its length, apex modified, re

curved. Female genitalia: spermathecal capsule present. External characteristics:

dorsal and ventral punctation coarse, extremely dense; dorsal pubescence short,

decumbent. Included species: S. cribripennis (Champion).

Group III.?Male genitalia; trabes simple at proximal extremity; basal lobe

elongate, slender, length about 8 times basal width; paramere 5/6 as long as basal

lobe, slender, straight; sipho moderately stout throughout, apex unmodified.

Female genitalia: spermathecal capsule present. External characteristics: dorsal and

ventral punctation moderately coarse and dense, intermediate in this respect be

tween groups I and II; dorsal pubescence short, semierect. Included species: 5.

pinachi, n. sp.

Group IV.?Male genitalia: trabes simple at proximal extremity; basal lobe stout,

asymmetrical, length about 6 times basal width; paramere 2/3 as long as basal lobe,

stout, strongly arched; sipho tapering from capsule, ending in long flagellum. Female genitalia: spermathecal capsule present. External characteristics: dorsal and

ventral punctation of group I or group II type; dorsal pubescence short, decumbent.

Included species: S. punctum punctum (LeConte); 5. punctum picipes Casey; S.

granum (Gorham).

Group V.?Male genitalia: trabes simple at proximal extremity; basal lobe

elongate, slender, from 6 to 8 times basal width- paramere variable in length, usually

nearly as long as basal lobe, always slender, tapered from base to apex; sipho

gradually tapering from capsule, ending in long flagellum (except grossepunctatus). Female genitalia: spermathecal capsule present or absent. External characteristics:

dorsal and ventral punctation coarse, dense, approaching group II in this respect.

Included species: S. tridens Gordon; 5. murilloi Gordon; 5. fractus, n. sp.; 5.

micellus, n. sp; 5. minutalus, n. sp.; 5. mayaroi, n. sp.; S. brasilensis, n. sp.; 5.

simillimus, n. sp.; S. darwini (Br?thes); S. grossepunctatus, n. sp.; S. punctillum Weise.

The following key to species relies heavily on male genitalic characters, either

because there seem to be no definitive external criteria, or because so many species are known only from the holotype. The key should be regarded as a guide rather

than relied upon entirely. Male genitalia are, in most cases, the only reliable criteria

for identification.




Key to Western Hemisphere Species of Stethorus (Stethorus)

1 Species occurring north of Mexico.2

Species occurring south of the United States.7

2(1) Postcoxal line not arched beyond middle of first abdominal sternum

(figs. 37); basal abdominal sternum densely and coarsely punctured ..

.3

Postcoxal line arched beyond middle of first abdominal sternum (figs.

42); basal abdominal sternum sparsely and finely punctured. .4

3(2) Postcoxal line short, arc not reaching middle of first abdominal sternum;

elytral punctures larger than pronotal punctures.

.punctillum Weise (p. 270) Postcoxal line usually arched to middle of first sternum or nearly so

(fig. 37); elytral and pronotal punctures equal in size.

.punctum punctum (LeConte) (p. 250)

4(2) Leg (except tarsus) black or brown; punctures on abdominal sterna

coarse, dense (fig. 42).

.punctumpicipes Casey (p. 252)

Leg with at least tibia yellow; punctures on abdominal sterna fine,

sparse (fig. 32).5

5(4) Clypeal apex truncate; lateral pronotal punctures dense, contiguous

.pinachi, n. sp. (p. 250)

Clypeal apex emarginate; lateral pronotal punctures sparse, not con

tiguous.6

6(5) Elytral pubescence reddish brown; pronotal punctures fine, sparse

.caseyi, n. sp. (p. 241)

Elytral pubescence yellowish white; pronotal punctures coarse, not

sparse.utilis (Horn) (p. 241)

7(1) Dorsal and ventral punctation fine, not dense, if dorsal punctures

coarse, then widely separated.8 Dorsal and ventral punctation coarse, dense, punctures on metasternum

often nearly contiguous. 12

8(7) Clypeal apex truncate; postcoxal line evenly rounded (fig. 32).

.pinachi, n. sp. (p. 250)

Clypeal apex emarginate; postcoxal line angulate (fig.6).9

9(8) Dorsal pubescence reddish brown; pronotal punctures fine.

.caseyi, n. sp. (p. 241) Dorsal pubescence yellowish white; pronotal punctures coarse. 10

10(9) Postcoxal line abruptly angulate (fig. 17); clypeus and frons yellow; known only fror? Caribbean Islands.caribus, n. sp. (p. 245)

Postcoxal line moderately angulate (fig. 22); clypeus and frons brown

or black, or extreme apex yellow; not known from Caribbean Islands

except Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Bonaire. 11

trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 109




11(10) Clypeal apex yellowish brown; pronotal punctures nearly contiguous in lateral 1/3; Bonaire.pseudocaribus, n. sp. (p. 247)

Clypeal apex black or brown; pronotal punctures separated by about a

diameter in lateral 1/3; not known from Caribbean Islands except Puerto Rico and Jamaica.utilis (Horn) (p. 241)

12(7) Punctures on elytron extremely dense, coarse, separated by 1/2 a diam

eter or less; femur entirely yellow or reddish yellow; suture separating abdominal sterna curved, median portion projecting anteriorly; Mex

ico, Central America, Colombia.

.cribripennis (Champion) (p. 247) Punctures on elytron less dense, coarse, separated by about a diameter;

femur partially brown or black (if entirely yellow, then not known

from Central America or Colombia); suture separating abdominal

sterna straight; Central America, Colombia, and elsewhere. 13

13(12) Femur entirely yellow or reddish yellow. 14

Femur partially brown or black. 15

14(13) Apex of clypeus reddish yellow; Brazil.brasilensis, n. sp. (p. 264)

Apex of clypeus black; Trinidad.mayaroi, n. sp. (p. 262)

15(13) Basal lobe of male genitalia with lateral tooth (fig. 49). .tridens Gordon (p. 254)

Basal lobe of male genitalia without lateral tooth. 16

16(15) Basal lobe of male genitalia stout, apex triangular; paramere strongly arched (figs. 28,29).granum (Gorham) (p. 254)

Basal lobe of male genitalia slender, apex not triangular; paramere

usually nearly straight. 17

17(16) Basal lobe of male genitalia abruptly narrowed in apical 1/6 (fig. 76).

.simillimus, n. sp. (p. 266) Basal lobe of male genitalia not abruptly narrowed in apical 1/6. 18

18(17) Paramere of male genitalia short, less than 1/2 as long as basal lobe

(fig. 58).fractus, n. sp. (p. 258) Paramere of male genitalia long, more than 1/2 as long as basal lobe.

. 19

19(18) Basal lobe of male genitalia slender, straight, paramere as long as basal

lobe (fig. 54).murilloi Gordon (p. 256) Basal lobe of male genitalia not slender, or if so, then not straight;

paramere distinctly shorter than basal lobe.20

20(19) Both basal lobe and paramere of male genitalia arched (fig. 85); sipho

lacking flagellum (fig.86).grossepunctatus, n. sp. (p. 270) Basal lobe and paramere of male genitalia not strongly arched; sipho

with long flagellum.21

21(20) Basal lobe of male genitalia tapered to apex in apical 1/2 (fig. 63).

.minutalus, n. sp. (p. 262)

Basal lobe of male genitalia tapered to apex in apical 1 /3 or less.

.22

22(21) Basal lobe of male genitalia tapered toward apex in apical 1/4 (fig. 60)

.micellus, n. sp. (p. 258)

Basal lobe of male genitalia abruptly rounded at apex (fig.80).

.?/?rnvM/(Br?thes)(p.266)




Stethorus (S.) utilis (Horn) Figs. 6-10

Scymnus utilis: Horn, 1895, p. 107.

Stethorus utilis: Casey, 1899, p. 136.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 112.?J. Chapin,

1974, p. 17.

Stethorus atomus: Casey, 1899, p. 1361.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 111. NEW

SYNONYMY.

Length 1.0 to 2.0 mm, width 0.75 to 1.0 mm. Form elongate, oval. Color black;

antenna, mouthparts, leg yellow except basal 3/4 of femur brown. Dorsal

pubescence moderately long, semierect, mostly yellowish white with traces of

brown. Head finely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter or less; pronotal

punctures coarse, slightly larger than elytral punctures, separated by about a

diameter on disc, less than a diameter laterally; elytral punctures shallow, separated

by one to 2 times a diameter; metasternum with fine, dense punctures except nearly

impunctate on basomedian area; abdominal sterna finely, sparsely punctured. Arc

of postcoxal line extending 3/4 length of first abdominal sternum, angulate (fig. 6).

Apex of 6th abdominal sternum truncate. Male genitalia as in figs. 7-9. Female sper

mathecal capsule as in fig. 10.

This species is most easily confused with 5. caseyi, n. sp., but the dorsal

pubescence of caseyi is reddish brown. The male genitalia are similar in these 2

species, but the basal lobe in caseyi is more obviously triangular and shorter than

that of utilis.

Horn (1895) mentioned several Florida localities when he described utilis, but only a single specimen labeled "Bartow Fla. 24.1/Lectotype 3184 (red paper/S. utilis

H." remains in his collection. We here designate and label that specimen the lec

totype. The type of atomus is a unique male (holotype) which we've found to be con

specific with the lectotype of utilis.

Type Locality.?of utilis, Barstow, Florida; of atomus, Columbus, Texas.

Type Depository.?of utilis, MCZ; of atomus, USNM.

Distribution.?Primary distribution: North Carolina to Florida, west to east

Texas. Additional localities: Guatemala; Motagua District: Jamaica; Ocho Rios,

Trinity St. Mary, Mexico, Puebla: Puerto Rico; San Juan. Total number of

specimens examined, 143.

Stethorus (S.) caseyi, new species (Figs. 11-16)

Holotype.?Male, length 1.10 mm, greatest width 0.80. Form short, rounded.

Color black; antenna, mouthparts and leg except basal 3/4 of femur yellow. Dorsal





Figures 6-10. Stethorus utilis: Fig. 6, postcoxal line; figs. 7-9, male genitalia;

fig. 10, female spermathecal capsule.




pubescence long, nearly erect, reddish brown. Head shiny, finely punctured, punc

tures separated by a diameter; pronotum with punctures coarser than on head, punc

tures separated by one to 3 times a diameter; elytral punctation coarse, punctures

separated by about a diameter; metasternum with fine punctures medially, punc

tures becoming coarse and dense laterally. Abdominal sterna with fine punctures

sparse on first sternum, dense on remaining sterna. Arc of postcoxal line extending 3/4 length of first abdominal sternum, angulate (fig. 12). Apex of 6th abdominal

sternum feebly notched. Genitalia as in figs. 13-15.

Allotype.?Similar to holotype except length 1.22 mm, width 1.0 mm; apex of

6th sternum entire; spermathecal capsule as in fig. 16.

Variation.?Length 1.0 to 1.31 mm, width 0.75 to 1.05 mm.

Holotype.?TEXAS: Devils River, V-2-07, F.C. Pratt (USNM 100661). Allotype.?TEXAS: Devils River, V-5-07, F.C. Pratt (USNM). Paratypes.?Total 75. SONORA: 35 mi NE of Ciudad Obregon; Son; 35 mi NE

of Cd Obregon, 3-7-II. 1960, W.W. Gibson collector; Son. 35 mi NE of Cd

Obregon, 24.1-3.II. 1960, W.W. Gibson collector; Son. Cd Obregon, 13 27.111.

1960, W.W. Gibson collector; ex Juarex TEXAS: El Paso, 31-X-1966, Chpnslide, 67-1034. ARIZONA: Catal Spgs, 6-4, collector Hubbard and Schwarz; Chiric Mts.,

3-6, collector Hubbard and Schwarz; Hot Sprgs, 26-6, Barber and Schwarz collec

tor; Oracle, 6-7; Oracle, 6-7, collector Hubbard and Schwarz; Oracle, 7-7, collector

Hubbard and Schwarz, Chpnslide, 67-US 24; S Rita Mts. 10-6, collector Hubbard

and Schwarz, Chpnslide 65 US 18; S Rita Mts., 11-6; S Rita Mts., 11-6, collector

Hubbard and Schwarz, Chpnslide 65 US 19; S Rita Mts., 12-6, collector Hubbard

and Schwarz; S Rita Mts. 13-6, collector Hubbard and Schwarz; S Rita Mts. 14-6,





Figures 12-16. Stethorus caseyi: Fig. 12, postcoxal line; figs. 13-15, male

genitalia; fig. 16, female spermathecal capsule.

collector Hubbard and Schwarz; S Rita Mts., 15-6; S Rita Mts., 17-6, collector Hub

bard and Schwarz; S Rita Mts., 5-31. NEW MEXICO: Albuq., Hubbard and

Schwarz collector; Albuq, Wickham, Wickham collection. TEXAS: State Record; collection C.V. Riley; Austin, 7.8, E.A. Schwarz collector; Devil's River, V-2-07,

Bishop and Pratt collector; Devil's River, V.2.07, F.C. Pratt collector; Devil's River

V.2.07, E.A. Schwarz; Devil's River, V.3.07, F.C. Pratt collector; Devil's River,




V.3.07, E.A. Schwarz collector; Devil's River, V.5.07, F.C. Pratt collector,

Chpnslide 65-US-16; Devil's River, V.5.07, E.A. Schwarz collector; Brownsville,

30.4.04, H.S. Barber collector; Brownsville, III 23.08, Jones and Pratt collector; Fort Brown; Brownsville VII-22, Esprza Rch.; Brownsville; Esprza Rch;

Brownsville, VIII; El Paso, 14-VIII-72, on corn L.E. Ehler; Laredo 28-5, Hubbard

and Schwarz; S. Antonio, 8 Apr. 07, F.C. Pratt collector; San Diego 6.5, E.A.

Schwarz collector; Uvalde, June 18-20, 930 ft., Wickham. UTAH: Chad's Rch., Jul. 22, Wickham; Leeds, Aug. 4-7, Wickham; St. George, July, Wickham.

(USNM). This species is usually identified as Stethorus atomus Casey in collections. Ex

amination of the holotype of atomus indicates that it is a synonym of utilis, therefore a name must be provided for this species. All specimens from Texas

available for examination proved to be caseyi, except for one specimen of utilis from

Victoria and several specimens of that species from Columbus. It appears that utilis

and caseyi are allopatric, or nearly so.

The round form, reddish brown pubescence, and sparsely punctured pronotum will separate caseyi from utilis which it most closely resembles.

We name this species for Thomas Lincoln Casey, whose revision of the North

American Coccinellidae has been the standard reference since 1899.

Stethorus (S.) cari bus, new species (Figs. 17-21)

Holotype.?Male, length 1.0 mm, width 0.75 mm. Form oval. Color black;

antenna, mouthparts, leg yellow; clypeus and triangular area on frons yellow. Dor

sal pubescence long, semierect, yellowish white. Head shiny, finely punctured, punc

tures separated by a diameter; pronotum with punctures coarser than on head,

sparse, separated by 2 to 4 times a diameter. Elytral punctation coarser than on pro

notum, pronotum separated by one to 3 times a diameter; metasternum with coarse,

dense punctures separated by one or 2 times a diameter medially, becoming nearly

contiguous laterally; abdominal punctures smaller than metasternal punctures,

sparse on first sternum, dense on remaining sterna. Arc of postcoxal line extending 3/4 length of first abdominal sternum, strongly angulate (fig. 17). Apex of 6th ab

dominal sternum notched. Genitalia as in figs. 18-20.


6th sternum notched; spermathecal capsule as in fig. 21.

Variation.?Length 0.95 to 1.12 mm, width 0.71 to 0.80 mm; yellow triangular area extending from clypeus onto frons just reaching frons or extending nearly to

vertex; femur of occasional specimens with basal 1/5 brown.

Holotype.?DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: L Vani, Oct. 7, 1956, D.C. Hamilton

(USNM 100662). Allotype.?Same data as holotype (USNM). Paratypes.?Total 73. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Same data as holotype. AN

TILLES: Antigua, III. 1962, F.D. Bennett, on Okra; Grenada, V.1962, F.D. Ben

trans. amer. ent. soc, vol. 109




Figures 17-21. Stethorus caribus: Fig. 17, postcoxal line; figs. 18-20, male


nett, on guava; Santa Lucia; M.M. Alam, on mites on Zea Mays; Nevis, IV-1969,

VI-1966, IM964, X.1968, F.D. Bennett; San Domingo; 8 mi. up Macoris River,

July 16, 1917, Harold Morrison; St. Eustatius, Fort Orange, May, 1954, F.J. Sim

monds. CUBA: Alguizar, May 25/33, Bruno ? Oro (sic), E.E.A. Ento. No.

101026; Baragua', 8-3-27, T.P.R.F. Ent. No. 3236, Taken on Citrus, L.C.

Scaramuzza collector; Cayamas, 2.2, E.A. Schwarz collector; Cayamas, 5.2;

Cayamas, 8.1, E.A. Schwarz, 16.1, E.A. Schwarz, 18.2; Cayamas, 26.1, E.A.

Schwarz collector; Cienfuegos, June 22, 1950, Berg & Fink; Havana Pro., Aug. 23, 1917 (445), Harold Morrison; Stgo

? Vegas, Apr. 1905, Geo. Dimmock, No. 2252,

See Dimmock's Entomological notes (in MS). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Moca,




reed. V-24-28, G. Russo collector; Same data as holotype. Haiti ? Port-au-Prince,

July 19, 1930, Ace. 20-218, H.L. Dozier collector Puerto Rico: San Juan: Sept. 8,

1981, collector B. Burkhart, on morning glory. (BMNH) (FDB) (USNM).

The pale clypeus and pale, triangular area on the frons make caribus one of the

more readily recognizable species of Stethorus. The male genitalia are extremely

similar to those of pseudocaribus, but externally they are quite different. S.

pseudocaribus has only the extreme apex of the clypeus slightly paler than the rest of

the head, and the lateral 1/3 of the pronotum is densely, coarsely punctured.

5. caribus is apparently a Caribbean Island species, probably more widely

distributed than present data indicates. The specific epithet refers to the known

distributions of the species.

Stethorus (S.) pseudocaribus, new species (Figs. 22-26)

Holotype.?Male, description as for caribus except length 1.18 mm, width 0.90

mm; form elongate oval; extreme clypeal apex yellowish brown; dorsal pubescence

short, decumbent; pronotum densely, coarsely punctured throughout, punctures

nearly contiguous in lateral 1/3; elytral punctures coarser than in caribus, separated

by one to 2 times a diameter; metasternal and abdominal punctation coarser than in

caribus; arc of postcoxal line less strongly angulate (fig. 22). Genitalia as in figs. 23-25.

Allotype.?Similar to holotype except apex of 6th sternum entire; spermathecal

capsule as in fig. 26.


Holotype.?LESSER ANTILLES: Bonaire, Kralendik, July 26-27, 62, J.

Maldonado C. (USNM 100663).

Allotype.?Same data as holotype. (USNM). Paratypes.?Total 18. Same data as holotype. (USNM).

The structural details of this species are most similar to those of S. caribus (see remarks under that species). Both species are known only from Caribbean Islands,

but pseudocaribus probably also occurs on the South American mainland.

Stethorus (S.) cribripennis (Champion) (Figs. 27-31)

Scymnus cribripennis Champion, 1913, p. 123.

Stethorus cribripennis: Gordon, 1981, p. 423.

Length 1.0 to 1.40 mm, width 0.75 to 1.0 mm. Form oval, elongate. Color black;

antenna, mouthparts, and leg reddish yellow except basal 5/6 of femur darker

brownish yellow. Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head





Figures 22-26. Stethorus pseudocaribus: Fig. 22, postcoxal line; figs. 23-25,

male genitalia; fig. 26, female spermathecal capsule.

shiny, finely punctured, punctures separated by 2 to 3 times a diameter; pronotal

punctures coarse, separated by a diameter on disc, nearly contiguous laterally;

elytral punctures coarser than discal pronotal punctures, separated by less than a

diameter; metasternum coarsely, densely punctured, punctures contiguous except

slightly separated along midline; abdominal sterna densely punctured, punctures on

first sternum slightly smaller than on metasternum, separated by less than a

diameter, remaining sterna finely punctured, punctures contiguous. Arc of post coxal line extending 5/6 length of first abdominal sternum (fig. 27). Apex of 6th ab

dominal sternum rounded. Suture separating abdominal sterna curved, bent for

ward medially. Male genitalia as in figs. 28-30. Female spermathecal capsule as in

fig. 31.




Figures 27-31. Stethorus cribripennis: Fig. 27, postcoxal line; figs. 28-30, male


The combination of extremely coarse dorsal and ventral punctation, postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum extending nearly the length of the sternum, and

curved abdominal sutures will distinguish cribripennis from other known species of

Stethorus. The male genitalia bear no resemblance to those of any presently known

species in this genus.

Type locality.?Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico (lectotype designated by Gor

don (1981).

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC., VOL. 109




Type depository.?BMNH.

Distribution.?Southern Mexico to Colombia. Total number of specimens ex

amined, 41.

Stethorus (S.) pinachi, new species (Figs. 32-36)

Holotype.?Male, length 1.33 mm, greatest width 1.00 mm. Form elongate, oval. Color black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except basal 3/4 of femur

brown. Dorsal pubescence short, semierect, yellowish white with traces of brown.

Head shiny, finely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter or more; pronotal

punctation coarser than on head, discal punctures separated by a diameter, lateral

punctures contiguous; elytral punctation very coarse, punctures separated by less

than a diameter. Metasternum coarsely and densely punctured laterally, punctures finer and sparser medially; abdominal sterna with fine punctures sparse on first ster

num, dense on remaining sterna. Arc of postcoxal line extending more than 3/4

length of first abdominal sternum, rounded (fig. 32). Sixth sternum feebly

emarginate apically. Genitalia as in figs. 33-35.


6th sternum entire; spermathecal capsule as in fig. 36.


Holotype.?Male. TEXAS: Dimmit Co., Carrizo Springs, J.M. Delcurto,

feeding on red spider (USNM 100664). Allotype.?MEXICO: N.L. Montemorelos, Dec. 1, 1954 (USNM). Paratypes.?Total 31. TEXAS: Same data as holotype; same data as allotype;

MEXICO: S.L.P., Valles, 9 May 1958. (USNM).

This species is quite distinctive in the form of the male genitalia which are most

similar to those of punctum. The truncate apex of the clypeus will distinguish

chapini from utilis which it most closely resembles in external appearance. The

specific epithet is an anagram.

Stethorus (S.) punctum punctum (LeConte) (Figs. 37-41)

Scymnuspunctum LeConte, 1852, p. 141.?Horn, 1895, p. 106.

Stethorus punctum: Casey, 1899, p. 136.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 112.?Wingo,

1952, p. 27.?J. Chapin, 1974, p. 17.

Length 1.35 to 1.55 mm, width 0.95 to 1.15 mm. Form elongate, oval. Color

black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except femur usually brown. Dorsal

pubescence short, semierect, yellowish white. Head finely punctured, punctures

separated by more than a diameter; pronotum finely, densely punctured, punctures

separated by a diameter on disc, contiguous laterally; elytral punctures subequal in




Figures 32-36. Stethorus pinachi: Fig. 32, postcoxal line; figs. 33-35, male

genitalia; fig. 36, female spermathecal.

size to those on pronotum, separated by a diameter or less; metasternum coarsely

punctured anteriorly and laterally; abdominal sterna with coarse, dense punctures

separated by less than a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line usually reaching middle of

basal abdominal sternum, sometimes shorter (fig. 37). Apex of 6th abdominal ster

num notched. Male genitalia as in figs. 38-40. Female spermathecal capsule as in fig. 41.

This species is native to North America, but somewhat difficult to distinguish from the introduced punctillum without examination of genitalia which are highly





distinctive in both sexes. S. punctillum has the postcoxal line shorter than in punc

tum, and the elytral punctures are distinctly larger than the pronotal punctures in

punctillum, nearly equal in punctum. LeConte (1852) stated that he had 2 specimens

of punctum, one of which, a female labeled "(pale blue disc, clipped)/4699/Type 6746 (red paper)IS. punctum Lee.)," remains in his collection. We designate and

label this specimen the lectotype.

Type locality.?Canada, Ontario, northern shore of Lake Superior, (lectotype here designated).

Type depository.?MCZ.

Distribution.?Southeastern Canada to North Carolina, west to Montana and

Colorado. Total number of specimens examined, 420.

Stethorus (S.) punctum picipes Casey, new combination (Figs. 42-43)

Stethorus picipes Casey, 1899, p. 136.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 112.?Hatch, 1961,

p. 149.?Belicek, 1976, p. 298.

Stethorus brevis Casey, 1899, p. 136.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 111. NEW SYN

ONYMY.

Description as for punctum except the legs are black or dark brown (except tarsi),

the ventral punctation is noticeably more coarse and dense, and the postcoxal line

(fig. 42) extends beyond the middle of the basal abdominal sternum. Female sper

mathecal capsule as in fig. 43.

The male and female genitalia are identical in punctum and picipes, but the 2

nominate forms can be distinguished on the basis of the characters mentioned

above. We consider it best to treat them as subspecies with punctum occurring from

the east coast to Colorado and Montana; picipes occurring from California and

British Columbia to Idaho and Alberta.

The type series of picipes is composed of 11 specimens, all from various Califor

nia localities. We here designate and label as lectotype the first of these, a female, as

the lectotype, and the remaining 10 specimens as paralectotypes. S. brevis Casey is

represented by a single small male, the holotype, and we consider brevis a junior

synonym of picipes.

Type locality.?of picipes, Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., California (lectotype here

designated); of brevis, Siskiyou Co., California.

Type despository.?of picipes and brevis, USNM.

Distribution.?British Columbia to Southern California, east to Idaho. Total

number of specimens examined, 231.




Figures 37-43. Stethoruspunctum punctum and 5. punctum picipes. Fig. 37-41,

S. punctum punctum: fig. 37, postcoxal line; figs. 38-40, male genitalia; fig. 41,

female spermathecal capsule. Figs. 42-43, S. punctum picipes: Fig. 42, postcoxal

line; fig. 43, female spermathecal capsule.




Stethorus (S.) granum (Gorham) (Figs. 44-47)

Scymnus granum: Gorham, 1897, p. 233.?Korschefsky, 1931, p. 159.

Stethorus granum: Gordon, 1982, p. 423.

Stethorus guatemalensis: Hall and Fleschner, 1958, p. 98.?Gordon, 1982 p. 423.

Length 1.25 to 1.35 mm, width 0.95to 1.05 mm. Form oval. Color black; antenna,

mouthparts, and leg yellow except basal 3/4 of femur brown. Dorsal pubescence

short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny, punctures fine, separated by a

diameter or less; pronotal puncture moderately coarse on disc, separated by a

diameter, coarser, and nearly contiguous laterally; elytral punctures coarse, equal in

size to lateral pronotal punctures, separated by about a diameter; metasternum

coarsely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter or less; abdominal sterna

finely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter or less. Arc of postcoxal line ex

tending slightly more than 1/2 length of first abdominal sternum (fig. 44). Apex of

6th abdominal sternum notched. Male genitalia as in figs. 45-47.

The male genitalia of this species are highly distinctive, but external characteristics

that are useful for recognition purposes are not apparent. The male genitalia are of

the type possessed by members of Group IV, but externally S. granum resembles

members of Group V where male genitalia must be examined to identify species ac

curately.

Type locality.?Due?as, Guatemala.

Type depository.?BMNH.

Distribution.?GUATEMALA: Type locality. COSTA RICA: Alajuela Prov.;

Guapiles. Total number of specimens examined, 29.

Stethorus (S.) tridens Gordon (Figs. 48-52)

Stethorus tridens: Gordon, 1982, p. 122.

Length 1.0 to 1.15 mm, width 0.75 to 0.80 mm. Form oval, elongate, noticeably

tapered to apex in apical 1/2. Color black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow ex

cept basal 5/6 of femur brown. Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish

white. Head shiny, finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a

diameter; pronotal punctures coarse, shallow punctures on disc separated by a

diameter or slightly more, punctures dense laterally, separated by less than 1/2 a

diameter; elytral punctures coarse, dense, larger than punctures on pronotal disc,

separated by a diameter or less; metasternum coarsely punctured, similar to elytral

punctation except punctures very dense laterally and basally, nearly contiguous; ab

dominal sterna with punctures smaller than on metasternum, separated by less than

a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line extending slightly more than 1/2 length of first ab

dominal sternum, rounded. Apex of 6th abdominal sternum feebly emarginate.

Male genitalia as in figs. 49-51. Female spermathecal capsule as in fig. 52.




Figures 44-47. Stethorus granum: Fig. 44, postcoxal line; figs. 45-47, male

genitalia.





Male genitalia must be examined for positive identification; the lateral teeth, or

projection in the basal 1/2 of the basal lobe are unique to this species.

Type locality.?Honduras, La Ceiba.

Type depository.?USNM.

Distribution.?As listed in Gordon (1982). Additional localities: BRAZIL:

Recife. MEXICO. Vera Cruz. PERU: Chiclayo, Huanuco, Lima. PUERTO RICO:

Rancho Grande. Total number of specimens examined, approximately 1,000.

Stethorus (S.) murilloi Gordon (Figs. 53-56)

Stethorus murilloi Gordon, 1982, p. 126.

Description as for tridens except length 1.10 to 1.25 mm, width 0.85 to 1.0 mm;

punctures on pronotal disc separated by a diameter or less; punctures on abdominal

sterna coarser, denser than in tridens; arc of postcoxal line not extending more than

1/2 length of first abdominal sternum (fig. 53); male genitalia as in figs. 54-56; female spermathecal capsule absent.

This species is particularly difficult to distinguish from S. tridens except by

genitalic examination, but the postcoxal line on the first abdominal sternum is

noticeably shorter and the abdominal sterna more densely, coarsely punctured in

murilloi.




52

51

Figures 49-52. Stethorus tridens: Figs. 49-51, male genitalia; fig. 52, female

spermathecal capsule.

Type locality.?Colombia, Boyaca, near Guayata. Type depository.?USNM.

Distribution.?As listed in Gordon (1982). Additional localities; BRAZIL: Per

nambuco. COLOMBIA: Huila, Campo Abeqre. EL SALVADOR: San Salvador.

Total number of specimens examined, 20.





Stethorus (S.) frac tus, new species (Fig. 57)

Holotype.?Male, length 1.0 mm, width 0.80 mm (approximate measurements). Form oval. Color black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except basal 7/8 of

femur brown. Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny,

finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a diameter; pronotal punc

tures coarse, shallow punctures on disc separated by a diameter or slightly more,

punctures dense laterally, separated by less than 1/2 a diameter; elytral punctures

coarse, dense, larger than punctures on pronotal disc, separated by a diameter or

less; metasternum coarsely, densely, punctured, punctures contiguous or nearly so;

abdomen with first sternum coarsely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter

or less, remaining sterna finely punctured, punctures separated by less than to 3

times a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line extending slightly more than 1/2 length of

first abdominal sternum, rounded (fig. 57). Apex of 6th abdominal sternum feebly

emarginate. Genitalia as in figs. 58-59.

Holotype.?BRAZIL: Pernambuco, III-9-40, L.R. Carvalho, #4779 (USNM

100665). The holotype is a badly damaged teneral specimen with the apical half of the

elytra missing. We have seen 2 females with identical data and tentatively consider

them to be this species, but do not designate them as types. Male genitalia provide

the only certain criteria for recognition of S. fractus. The specific epithet refers to

the fragmented condition of the holotype.

Stethorus (S.) micellus, new species (Figs. 60-62)


clypeal apex, antenna, mouthparts, and leg reddish yellow except basal 5/6 of femur

reddish brown. Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny,

finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a diameter; pronotal punc

tures fine on disc separated by a diameter or slightly more, lateral punctures coarse,

contiguous; elytral punctures coarse, equal in size to lateral pronotal punctures,

separated by a diameter or less; metasternum coarsely, densely punctured, punctures

separated by 1/2 a diameter or contiguous; abdominal sterna finely punctured,

punctures separated by one to 3 times a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line not extend

ing beyond 1/2 length of first abdominal sternum, rounded (fig. 60). Apex of 6th

abdominal sternum feebly emarginate. Genitalia as in figs. 61-62.

Holotype.?COLOMBIA: Val. Palmire, 21 May 1939, Alt. 1085 m, Murillo No.

5153 (USNM 100666).

The reddish brown clypeal apex will separate S. micellus from any presently known Colombia Stethorus, if the character is constant. We have seen only the

holotype specimen. The specific epithet is from the Latin mica, meaning bit, or

morsel.




Figures 53-56. Stethorus murilloi: Fig. 53,

postcoxal lines; figs. 54-56, male genitalia.

first abdominal sternum and





Figures 57-59. Stethorus fractus: Fig. 57, postcoxal line; figs. 58-59, male

genitalia.




Figures 60-62. Stethorus micellus: Fig. 60, postcoxal line; figs. 61-62, male

genitalia.





Stethorus (S.) minutalus, new species (Figs. 63-65)


clypeal apex, antenna, mouthparts, leg reddish yellow except basal 5/6 of femur

darker reddish brown. Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head

shiny, finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a diameter; pronotum

coarsely punctured, punctures on disc separated by a diameter, lateral punctures

contiguous; elytral puncture coarse, dense, equal in size to lateral pronotal punc

tures, separated by a diameter or less; metasternum very coarsely punctured, punc tures contiguous; abdomen with first sternum coarsely punctured, punctures

separated by about a diameter, remaining sterna finely punctured, punctures

separated by one to 3 times a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line extending slightly more

than 1/2 length of first abdominal sternum, rounded. Apex of 6th abdominal ster

num truncate. Genitalia as in figs. 63-65.

Holotype.?MEXICO: Tampico, 27.12, E.A. Schwarz collector (USNM

100667).

The combination of reddish yellow clypeal apex and truncate apex of the 6th ab

dominal sternum may prove to be characteristics that will help distinguish this

species. However, at present only the characters of the male genitalia can be relied

upon. We have seen 3 females with the same data as the holotype except different

dates; however, the form of the postcoxal line on the first abdominal sternum is

noticeably different in these females, therefore they are not designated as paratypes. The specific epithet is from the Latin minor, and refers to the small size.

Stethorus (S.) mayaroi, new species Figs. 66-70

Holotype.?Male, length 1.15 mm, width 0.75 mm. Form oval, elongate, tapered to apex in apical 1/2. Color black; antenna, mouthparts and leg reddish yellow.

Pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny, finely punctured, punc

tures separated by one or 2 times a diameter; pronotal punctures fine on disc,

separated by one to 3 times a diameter, gradually becoming denser, coarser laterally,

separated by 112 a diameter or less; elytral punctures equal in size to lateral pronotal

punctures, separated by a diameter or less; metasternum coarsely, densely punc

tured, punctures contiguous or nearly so; abdomen with basal sternum missing, re

maining sterna finely, densely, punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a

diameter. Apex of 6th sternum truncate. Genitalia as in figs. 67-69.

Allotype.?Similar to holotype except apex of 6th sternum rounded; sper

mathecal capsule as in fig. 70; postcoxal line on 1st abdominal sternum as in fig. 66.

Holotype.?TRINIDAD: Mayaro, July 1977, on coconut, F.D. Bennett (USNM

100668).



Figures 63-65. Stethorus minutalus: Figs. 63-65, male genitalia.

Allotype.?Same data as holotype. (USNM) Paratypes.?Total 3. TRINIDAD: Mayaro, June 16, 1977, on coconut; Mayaro,

VI1I-1977, on coconut. (FDB).

The reddish yellow legs and very densely punctured metasternum aid in recogni tion of mayaroi, but as usual, male genitalia are necessary for accurate identifica

tion. The species is named for the type locality.





Figures 66-70. Stethorus mayaroi: Fig. 66, postcoxal line; figs. 67-69, male


Stethorus (S.) brasilensis, new species Figs. 71-74

Holotype.?Male, length 1.20 mm, width 0.90 mm. Form oval, slightly elongate.

Description as for mayaroi except apex of clypeus reddish yellow; discal punctures

on pronotum larger, lateral punctures coarser, contiguous; metasternum less densely

punctured, punctures separated by a diameter or more; first abdominal sternum

moderately coarsely punctured, punctures separated by one to 3 times a diameter,

remaining sterna finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 3 times a diameter.

Arc of postcoxal line extending 1/2 length of first abdominal sternum, rounded (fig.

71). Apex of 6th abdominal sternum feebly emarginate. Genitalia as in figs. 72-74.

Holotype.?BRAZIL: Recife, III. 1963, F.D. Bennett, on cocos, CIE-190Y1

(USNM 100669).




Figures 71-74. Stethorus brasilensis: Fig. 71, postcoxal line; figs. 72-74, male

genitalia.





This species is very similar to mayaroi but the clypeal apex is reddish yellow and

the discal punctures on the pronotum are coarser than in mayaroi. The holotype is

the only specimen examined. The species is named for the country of origin.

Stethorus (S.) simillimus, new species Figs. 75-78

Holotype.?Male, length 1.20 mm, width 0.90 mm. Form oval, slightly elongate. Color black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except basal 5/6 of femur brown.

Dorsal pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny, finely punc

tured, punctures separated by one to 2 times a diameter; pronotum with punctures on disc moderately coarse, separated by one to 2 times a diameter, lateral punctures

coarse, separated by about 1/2 a diameter; elytral punctures slightly coarser than

discal pronotal punctures, separated by a diameter; metasternum coarsely punc

tured, punctures separated by a diameter or less, nearly contiguous laterally; ab

domen with first sternum coarsely punctured, punctures separated by one to 2 times

a diameter, remaining sterna finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 3 times

a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line extending slightly beyond middle of first ab

dominal sternum (fig. 75). Apex of 6th abdominal sternum feebly emarginate. Genitalia as in figs. 76-78.

Holotype.?BRITISH GUIANA: Georgetown, 15.X.1961, F.D. Bennett, on or

namentals C.l.E. coll. no. 17897 (USNM 100670).

The basal lobe of the male genitalia is distinctive for this species, but diagnostic external characters are lacking. The specific epithet is from the Latin similis referr

ing to the similarity in external appearance of this species to others.

Stethorus (S.) darwini (Br?thes) Figs. 79-82

Nephopullus darwini: Br?thes, 1924, p. 167.

Stethorus darwini: Kapur, 1948, p. 300.?Gordon and Anderson, 1979, p. 62.

Stethorus ogloblini: Nunenmacher, 1937, p. 182.?Gordon, 1982, p. 121.

Length 1.65 mm, width 1.10 mm. Form elongate, oval. Color black; antenna,

mouthparts, tibia and tarsus yellow, femur brown. Dorsal pubescence short,

semierect, yellowish white. Head finely punctured, punctures separated by a

diameter or less; pronotum with coarse, dense punctures laterally, moderate punc

tures on disc separated by a diameter; elytral punctures equal in size to lateral pro

notal punctures, separated by less than a diameter; metasternum coarsely punc

tured, median area with punctures separated by about a diameter, lateral area with

punctures separated by less than a diameter; abdominal sterna coarsely punctured,

punctures separated by less than a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line on first ab




Figures 75-78. Stethorus simillimus: Fig. 75, postcoxal line; figs. 76-78, male

genitalia.





82

Figures 79-82. Stethorus darwini: Fig. 76, postcoxal line; figs. 80-82, male

genitalia.




dominai sternum extending beyond middle of sternum (fig. 79). Apex of 6th ab

dominal sternum entire. Male genitalia as in figs. 80-82. (Sipho lost). Female

genitalia lacking spermathecal capsule.

Figures 83-86. Stethorus grossepunctatus: Fig. 83, postcoxal line; figs. 84-86, male genitalia.

As is generally the case in this group, the male genitalia are the only certain

criteria for recognition of the species.

Type locality.?of darwini, Maldonado, Uruguay; of ogloblini, Lorete Misione,

Argentina.





Type depository.?of darwini, BMNH: of ogloblini CAS.

Distribution.?ARGENTINA: Misiones, San Ignacio. Total number of

specimens examined, 2.

Stethorus (S.) grossepunctatus, new species Figs. 83-86


antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except basal 7/8 of femur brown. Dorsal

pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head shiny, finely punctured, punc tures separated by 2 to 3 times a diameter; pronotal punctures extremely coarse,

separated by a diameter on disc, becoming nearly contiguous laterally; elytral punc tures equal in size to pronotal punctures, separated by slightly more than a diameter;

metasternum coarsely punctured, punctures separated by less than a diameter; ab

domen with first sternum coarsely punctured, punctures separated by a diameter, re

maining sterna finely punctured, punctures separated by one to 3 times a diameter.

Arc of postcoxal line extending 2/3 length of first abdominal sternum, rounded (fig.

83). Apex of 6th sternum rounded. Genitalia as in figs. 84-86.

Allotype.Similar to holotype; genitalia lacking spermathecal capsule. Holotype.?BRAZIL: Recife, 11.1963, F.D. Bennett, on Cocos (BMNH). Allotype.?BRAZIL: Recife, Feb. 1963, F.D. Bennett, on "Canauglia"

(BMNH). Paratypes.? Total 4, same data as holotype. (BMNH) (USNM).

The dorsal and ventral punctures are larger than those of any other known

species, but this is difficult to appreciate unless other species are available for com

parison, therefore the male genitalia will be required for accurate identification. The

specific epithet refers to the large size of the punctures.

Stethorus (S.) punctillum Weise Figs. 87-90

Stethorus punctillum Weise, 1891, p. 781.?Casey, 1899, p. 136.?Korschefsky,

1931, p. 112.?Kapur, 1948, p. 302.?Hatch, 1961, p. 149.?Belicek, 1976,

p. 298.

Coccinella minima Rossi, 1794, p. 89 (not Coccinella minima M?ller, 1776).

Scymnus (Stethorus) minimus: Weise, 1885, p. 74.

Coccinella pusilla Herbst, 1797, p. 346 (not Coccinella pusilla M?ller, 1776). Coccinella atra Illiger, 1798, p. 413 (not Coccinella atra Gmelin, 1794).

Length 1.35 to 1.57 mm, width 0.90 to 1.12 mm. Form elongate, oval. Color

black, antenna, mouthparts, and leg brownish yellow except basal 3/4 of femur




Figures 87-90. Stethorus punctillum: Fig. 87, postcoxal line; figs. 88-90, male

genitalia.





brown. Dorsal pubescence short, semierect, yellowish white. Punctation on head

and pronotum fine, pronotal punctures separated by about a diameter; elytral punc tures coarse, separated by less than a diameter; abdominal sterna with coarse, dense

punctures separated by less than a diameter. Arc of postcoxal line short, not

reaching middle of basal abdominal sternum, rounded (fig. 87). Male genitalia as in

figs. 88-90. Female genitalia apparently lacking a spermathecal capsule and infun

dibulum.

This species is apparently a European introduction, but not an intentional one.

Brown (1950) first reported it from North America (Framingham, Mass.; Vineland

Station and Leamington, Ontario) and gave a key to separate punctillum, punctum, and picipes. S. punctillum is now known from several North American localities and

is usually mixed with punctum in collections. The species has become established on

the west coast of the United States, again not intentionally introduced.

Distribution.?EASTERN: Southeastern Canada to Connecticut, west to

Michigan and Wisconsin. WESTERN: Idaho, Oregon. Total number of specimens

examined, 80.

Subgenus Parastethorus

Stethorus (Parastethorus) Pang and Mao, 1975, p. 421. Type species; Stethorus

(Parastethorus) yunnanensis Pang and Mao, by original designation.

Postcoxal line on first abdominal sternum incomplete (fig. 91). Male genitalia with sipho short, stout, with apical armature (fig. 94); basal lobe with lateral margin

subparallel, dorsoventrally flattened, apex emarginate; trabes longer than basal

lobe; paramere short, oblong oval (figs. 92-93). This subgenus is well characterized by the incomplete postcoxal lines and compact

male genitalia with basal lobe apically emarginate. Pang and Mao included 2

Chinese species in Parastethorus; in addition, Stethorus truncatus Kapur

(Malaysia), Stethorus incompletus Whitehead (Australia, Oceania, Chile, Mexico),

Stethorus gutierrezi Chazeau (New Hebrides), and Stethorus nigripes Kapur

(Australia) belong in Parastethorus.

Stethorus (P.) histrio Chazeau Figs. 91-94

Stethorus histrio Chazeau, 1974, p. 269.?Gordon and Anderson, 1979, p. 62.?

Chazeau, 1979, p. 296.?Houston, 1980, p. 89.

Length 1.0 to 3.0 mm, width 0.80 to 0.68 mm. Form oval, not strongly convex.

Color black; antenna, mouthparts, and leg yellow except femur brown. Dorsal

pubescence short, decumbent, yellowish white. Head finely punctured, punctures




Figures 91-94. Stethorus histrio: Fig. 91, postcoxal line; figs. 92-94, male

genitalia.

separated by a diameter or less; pronotal punctures slightly coarser than on head,

separated by less than to 3 times a diameter except nearly contiguous on

anterolateral angle; elytron with coarse, dense punctures separated by less than a

diameter; metasternum finely punctured, punctures separated by 4 to 5 times a

diameter; abdomen with median 1/3 of first sternum with slightly coarser punctua

tion; remainder of abdominal sterna finely, densely punctured, punctures separated

by a diameter or less. Arc of postcoxal line incomplete (fig. 91). Apex of 6th ab

dominal sternum truncate. Male genitalia as in figs. 92-94. Female spermathecal

capsule absent.





This species was previously dealt with in the Western Hemisphere by Gordon and

Anderson (1979). Since then, Chazeau (1979) recognized a thesis name (Whitehead

1967) published in Diss. Abstracts as having priority over S. histrio Chazeau. We do

not believe that names proposed as new taxa in dissertations or other "reports"

should be given formal standing, therefore we do not accept such a proposed treat

ment in this instance. The known distribution of the species is obviously unusual,

and if not an artifact of collecting, of interest from a Zoogeographie standpoint.

Speculation on the latter point is useless at present because we have not seen enough

specimens of Stethorus from South America to have any idea of the actual distribu

tion of any of them.

Type locality.?Cilaos, La Re'union, Mascarene Islands.

Type depository.?Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Distribution (Western Hemisphere).?CHILE: Diaguitas; LaCruz; La Cruz,

Valpo.; Recreo; Coquimbo, Elqui; Vicinia, Elqui. MEXICO: Yucatan, Progresse

Total number of specimens examined, 110.

Literature Cited

Belicek, J. 1976. Coccinellidae of western Canada and Alaska with analyses of

the transmontane Zoogeographie relationships between the fauna of British

Columbia and Alberta (Insecta: Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Quaest. Ent.

12:283-409.

Blackburn, T. 1892. Further notes on Australian Cole?ptera, with descriptions of new genera and species. Part XII. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia

15:207-261.

Brethes, J. 1925. Sur une collection de Coccinellides (et un Phalacridea) du

British Museum. Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 33:145-175.

Brown, W. J. 1950. The extralimital distribution of some species of Cole?ptera.

Canadian Ent. 82:200.

Casey, T.L. 1899. A revision of the American Coccinellidae. Jour. New York

Ent. Soc. 7:71-163.

Champion, G.C. 1913. Notes on various Central American Cole?ptera, with de

scriptions of new genera and species. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 30:58-169.

Chap?n, J. 1974. The Coccinellidae of Louisiana (Insecta: Cole?ptera). Louis

iana State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 682:1-87.

Chazeau, J. 1971a. Stethorus comoriensis nouvelle esp?ce de Coccinellidae

de l'archipel des Comores (Col.). Bull. Soc. Ent. France 76:60-63.

Chazeau , J. 1971 b. Le genre Stethorus a Madagascar et aux Mascareignes (Col.

Coccinellidae). Ann. Soc. Ent. France (N.S.) 7:779-796.

Chazeau, J.M. 1974. D?veloppement et f?condit? de Stethorus madecassus

Chazeau (Col?opt?res, Coccinellidae), ?lev? en conditions ext?rieurs dans le

sud-oest de Madagascar. ORSTOM, Ser. Biol. 25:27-33.

Chazeau, J. 1979. Mise au point sur le genre Stethorus en Oceanie et descrip




tion de deux esp?ces novelles de Melanesie (Col., Coccinellidae). Entomophaga

24:295-303.

Chazeau, J., J. Etienne and H. F?rsch. 1974. Les Coccinellidae de l'Ile de La

R?union. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. ser. 3 (No. 210), Zool. 140:1-297.

F?rsch, H. 1970. Coccinellidae aus Brazzaville-Congo (Cole?ptera). The Scien

tific Results of the Hungarian Soil Zoological Expedition to the Brazzaville

Congo, 43. Opuse. Zool. Budapest 10:83-104.

F?rsch, F. 1974. Die Coccinelliden von Sao Tome. Mitt. M?nchner Ent. Gesell.

64:39.

Gordon, R.D. 1981. Lectotype designations, generic reassignments, and new

synonymy in Neotropical Coccinellidae (Cole?ptera). Coleopterists Bull.

35:423-425.

Gordon, R.D. 1982. New species and new synonymy in neotropical Stethorus

Weise (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Coleopterists Bull. 36:121-126.

Gordon, R.D. and D.M. Anderson. 1979. The genus Stethorus Weise (Cole?p tera: Coccinellidae) in Chile. Coleopt. Bull. 33:61-67.

Gorham, H.S. 1897. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Cole?ptera: Coc

cinellidae 7:217-240.

Gmelin, J.F. 1790. Linnaes Systema Naturae, edit. 13, Vol. 1:1517:2224.

Hall, J.C. and C.A. Fleschner. 1958. A new species of Stethorus Weise

from Guatemala now being released in California (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Pan-Pacific Ent. 34:98-100.

Hatch, M.H. 1961. Beetles of the Pacific Northwest, part III: Pselaphidae and Diversicornia. Uni v. Washington Press. Seattle. 503 pp.

Herbst, J.F.W. 1797. Natursystem aller bekannten in-und auslandischen,

-, K?fer 7:1-346.

Hoang, D.C. 1979. Three new species of the subfamily Scymninae (Coccinelli

dae, Cole?ptera) from the fauna of Vietnam. Biol. Rev. 1:11-15.

Horn, G.H. 1895. Studies in Coccinellidae Trans. American Ent. Soc.

22:81-114.

Houston, K.J. 1980. A revision of the Australian species of Stethorus Weise

(Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Jour. Australian Ent. Soc. 19:81-91.

Illiger, J.C.W. 1798. In Kugelann, Verzeichniss der K?fer Preussens, ausgear

beitet von Illiger. Halle. 510 pp.

Kamiya, H. 1959. On the identity of Stethorus punctillum of Japanese authors

(Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Konty?, Tokyo 27:140-143.

Kapur, A.P. 1948. On the Old World species of the genus Stethorus Weise

(Coloeptera, Coccinellidae). Bull. Ent. Res. 39:297-320.

Kapur, A.P. 1950. A new species of Stethorus Weise from India (Cole?ptera:

Coccinellidae). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 19:147-149.

Kapur, A.P. 1961. A new species of Stethorus Weise (Cole?ptera: Coccinelli

dae), feeding on arecanut palm mites in Kerala, Southern India. En

tomophaga, Paris 6:35-38.

Khnzorian, S.M. 1972. New species of Coccinellidae from the USSR. Akad.

Nauk Armyan. SSR. Doklady 55:116-122.





Korschefsky, R. 1931. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Part 118, Coccinellidae I.

224 pp. Berlin.

LeConte, J.L. 1852. Remarks upon the Coccinellidae of the United States.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia 6:129-145.

Mader, L. 1950. Coccinellidae II. Teil. Exploration du Parc National Albert,

Mission G.F. de Witte (1933-1935). Fase. 34:136 pp. Brussels.

MiyATake, M. 1966. Descriptions of two new species of the genus Stethorus

Weise from Japan (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Trans. Shikoku Ent. Soc.

9:51-54.

M?ller, O.F. 1776. Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et

Norwegiae indiginenarum characteres, nomina, et Synonyma inprimis

popularium. Hafniae, Hallager. 32 pp.

Mulsant, E. 1850. Species de Col?opt?res trim?res s?curipalpes. Ann. Sei.

Phys. Nat. Lyon 2:1-1104.

Nakane, T. and M. Araki. 1959. Entomological results from the scientific

Survey of the Tokara Islands. VI. Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae. Sei. Rep. Kyoto Pref. Univ. (Nat. Sei. and Living Science) 3:45-52.

Pang, X.F. 1966. New species of Stethorus (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae) from

Canton, China. Acta Zootax. Sinica 1966:76-81.

Pang, X.F. and J.L. Mao. 1975. The natural enemies of phytophagous mites.

Acta Ent. Sinica 18:418-424.

Putman, W.L. 1955. Bionomics of Stethorus punctillum Weise (Cole?ptera:

Coccinellidae) in Ontario. Canadian Ent. 87:9-33.

Rossi, P. 1794. Mantissa insectorum, exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas,

Adjectis Faunae Etruscae illustrationibus ac emendationibus. Pisa, Polloni.

154 pp.

Sasaji, H. 1968. A revision of the Formosan Coccinellidae (II) tribes Stethorini,

Aspidimerini and Chilocorini (Cole?ptera). Etizenia 32:1-24.

Sicard, A. 1909. Revision des Coccinellides de la faune Malgache. Ann. Soc.

Ent. France 78:63-165.

Weise, J. 1885. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. II. Heft.

Coccinellidae. II. Auflage. Mit. Berucksischtigung der arten aus dem

nordlichen Asien. Modling. 83 pp.

Weise, J. 1891. Neue Coccinelliden. Deutsche Ent. Zeit. 1891:282-288.

Weise, J. 1895. Insectes du Bengale. 36 M?moire. Coccinellidae. Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belgique 39:151-157.

Weise, J. 1899. Coccinelliden aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. Archiv fur Naturgesch. 65:49-70.

Whitehead, V.B. 1967a. The validity of the higher taxonomic categories in the

tribe Scymnini (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Ph.D. Diss. Univ. California.

Whitehead, V.B. 1967b. The validity of the higher taxonomic categories in the

tribe Scymnini (Cole?ptera: Coccinellidae). Diss. Abstr. 28B: 1564-1565.

Wingo, C.W. 1952. The Coccinellidae (Cole?ptera) of the Upper Mississippi basin. Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sei., 27:15-53.



A Revision of the New World Species of Stethorus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Documents

Transcript of A Revision of the New World Species of Stethorus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)