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cfsl:ds jf cfkTsfnLg cj:yf hgfpg] ;"rssf] cfwf/df cfkt\sfnnfO{kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] o:tf] cj:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu tTsfn};dfwfgsf pkfox¿ canDag ug'{k5{ . h;sf nflu k"j{tof/L of]hgfagfpg' h?/L x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf aflx/L ;xof]u ;d]t cfjZoskg{;S5 .

;fwf/0ftof k|sf]k cyjf cfkt\sfn b'j}nfO{ ;ª\s6sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .cyjf ;ª\s6 eGgfn] crfgs kg]{ cyjf k6s–k6s hgwgsf] Ifltx'g]u/L pTkGg x'g] ljgfzsf/L cj:yfnfO{ a'emfpF5 . csf]{ cy{df cfkt\sfneg]sf] s'g} klg vt/fo'Qm 36gfaf6 hgwgsf] Iflt x'g] cj:yf xf] h;sf];fdgf ug{ ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;|f]t ck"0f{ x'G5 . dxfdf/L o:t} b'Mvb\ 36gfxf], h;sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;d'bfo ;Ifd /x]sf] x'Fb}g .

To;}u/L /f]usf sf/0f /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf, If]qLo :t/df jf ;d'bfo :t/dfåGå, lx+;f x'g;S5 . o:tf] cfkt\sfn ljleGg cj:yf kf/ ub}{ k"jf{j:yfdfgcfP;Ddsf] cj:yfdf hg;ª\Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f k|efljt x'G5 . o;sf];dfwfgsf] nflu :yfgLo / /fli6«o :t/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qaf6 ;d]tkxn tyf cfjZos ;xof]u h'6fpg'kg]{ l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 . o:tf];ª\s6sf] ;dodf åGå/t kIfaf6 cfkTsfnLg dfgjLo ;xfotf ;d]tca?4 x'g;S5 . ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f p4f/stf{x¿ vt/fdf k5{g\ . o;/L x]bf{cfkTsfnLg cj:yf cgk]lIft ¿kdf pTkGg x'g] cj:yf xf] . o; cj:yfdfdflg;sf] hLjgk4lt c:jefljs / c;xh x'G5 . cfkTsfnLg cj:yflgDgcg';f/sf 36gf ePdf pTkGg x'G5 M

e"sDk, Hjfnfd'vL, af9L, klx/f]h:tf k|sf]ksf 36gf .

o'4, lx+;f, b'3{6gf, k|b"if0f, cfuhgL, cftª\sh:tf dfgjpT;lh{tk|sf]k ePdf .

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, wfld{s, g}lts, ;ª\u7gfTds,Joj:yfksLo cj:yf sdhf]/ ePdf .

g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs Oltxf;df ePsf] !(() sf] dxfe"sDk, @)@) ;fnsf]e"sDk, @)@! ;fnsf] lxdtfn lj:kmf]6, @)#* ;fnsf] af9L, @)$% ;fnsf]e"sDk / @)%@ ;fn kl5sf] åGåsf] cj:yf cfkTsfnLg pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ .


b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts ;d:ofaf6 kg]{ k|ToIf c;/n] dflg;x¿z/0ffyL{sf] ¿kdf hLjg ljtfpg afWo x'G5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo z/0ffyL{pRr cfof]usf cg';f/ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQm tyf ;d'bfo;}lgs ljb|f]x, cfGtl/s åGå, n}+lus lje]b, hftLo bª\uf, dfgjclwsf/pNnª\3gh:tf sf/0fn] tTsfn cfˆgf] 3/ 5f]8\g afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tflj:yflkt ;d'bfonfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt dflgPsf] 5 . logLx¿sf;fdfGo :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf cltl/Qm k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;d:ofdf ;d]t Wofglbg' cTofjZos x'G5 . z/0ffyL{ pRr cfof]un] s'g} klg JolQm cfkm\gf]b]zeGbf cGoq 5 / p cfkm\gf] b]zdf kmls{g ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts cK7\of/f]sf]sf/0fn] of t hfg ;Sb}g cyjf hfg vf]Hb}g jf p;sf] Hofg vt/fdf 5 eg]To:tf] cj:yfsf] JolQmnfO{ z/0ffyL{ egL JofVof u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] ;d'bfonfO{klg cGo dfgjLo ;xfotfsf] cltl/Qm k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;'lglZrttfcTofjZos x'G5 .

k|sf]khGo hf]lvd / dxfdf/LljZjsf w]/}h;f] efudf ePsf cg]s lsl;dsf k|sf]ksf 36gfsf] cg'ejaf6clwsf+z k|sf]ksf sf/0fn] hg:jf:Yodf b]vf kg]{ ;d:ofx¿ Ps} lsl;dsfx'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf a/fa/ b]vf kg]{ emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, k|hgg\:jf:Yo, cf}nf], sdnlkQ, sfnfhf/h:tf 5 k|sf/sf dxfdf/Lsf k|sf]kn]a9L k|efj kfg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .

k|sf]kn] :jf:Yo If]qdf kfg]{ c;/ k|sf]kcg';f/ dfq km/s geP/ k|sf]kk|efljt If]qsf] k|sf]k x'g'cl3 / ePkl5sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltstyf /fhg}lts cj:yfcg';f/ klg km/s x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] k|sf]ksf]k"j{tof/L / p4f/sf ultljlw ;~rfng ubf{ :jf:Yodf kg{;Sg] c;/sfaf/]df lgSof}{n ug{ k|sf]k k|efljt If]qdf pknAw :jf:Yo ;]jfsf af/]dfklg ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf cltl/Qm k|efljt If]qsf hg;d'bfosf]:jf:Yo /Iffsf nflu hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL gLlt / OdfGbfl/tfn] 7"nf] e"ldsflgjf{x ug]{ ePsfn] :jf:Yo sfo{stf{df dfgjLo lrGtgsf] ljsf; x'g' h?/Lb]lvG5 .

;?jf /f]ux¿sf] lgoGq0fla/fdL x'g] ;ª\Vof / d[To' ;ª\Vof 36fpg ;?jf /f]ux¿sf] lgoGq0f ug'{cfjZos x'G5 . ;?jf /f]ux¿sf] ;do d} klxrfg ug{ k|sf]k x'g'cl3 g}


;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 / e/kbf]{ agfpg' k5{ . o;sf nflu :km]o/kl/of]hgfsf] ;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f dfkb08sf] cWoog ug'{k5{ .

z'4 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{

:j:y eP/ afFRg :jR5 vfg] kfgL klxnf] ;t{ xf] . b"lift / To;df klgckof{Kt vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ jf k|of]uaf6 k|sf]k k|efljt hg;d'bfodf /f]ukm}lng], /f]uLsf] ;ª\Vof / d[To' j[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf w]/} x'G5 . vfg]kfgLsfnflu :jR5 kfgLsf] cfk"lt{sf ;fy} JolQmut ;/;kmfOsf nflu klgkof{Kt kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ x'g'k5{ . kLl8tnfO{ ;ª\qmfds /f]uaf6 arfpg :km]o/kl/of]hgfsf] vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{;DaGwL dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog h?/L 5 .

;/;kmfO

k|sf]kkl5 ;/;kmfO, kmf]x/ d}nf tyf 9n lgsf;sf] plrt Joj:yfkgsf]sdL ePdf jf zf}rfnosf] k|of]u gul/Fbf ;?jf /f]u km}lng] ;Defjgf a9]/hfG5 . k|sf]k k|efljt If]qdf z'4 lkpg] kfgL / ;/;kmfOsf] kof{Kt;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] tof/L x'g'k5{ . dfgj dnd"qsf] plrt lj;h{gug{ ;s]df lb;fsf] dfWodaf6 km}lng] /f]ux¿sf] /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

sL6–lgoGq0f

k|sf]kkl5 nfdv'6\6]h:tf sL/fsf] j[l4b/ Jofks x'g] / o:tf sL6af6 ;g]{cf}nf], hfkfgL OG;]kmnfOl6;\, 8]Fu'h:tf /f]uaf6 d[To'b/ a9\g] u5{ . ctMk|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIfdf sL6–lgoGq0f klg Ps xf] .

:jf:Yo -xfOlhg_ k|a4{g

c:j:ys/ jftfj/0f tyf ;/;kmfOsf] sdLn] b"lift kfgL / vfgfsf]dfWodaf6 ;g]{ /f]usf ;ª\qmd0f j[l4df ;xof]u k'U5 . k|sf]k k|efljt;d'bfonfO{ z'4 kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, 9n lgsf;, zf}rfnosf] plrtk|of]u cflbaf/] lzIff lbg'sf ;fy} kfgLsf wf/f, 9n, zf}rfno cflbsf]/]vb]v, dd{t;Def/sf af/]df klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] x'g'k5{ .

:jf:Yo ;]jf

k|sf]ksf] 36gf x'g'cl3 g} :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 kfl/Psf]x'g'k5{ . o;sf nflu ;a} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df a]Unfa]Un} t/ ;dGjofTdsk|sf]k k"j{tof/L / Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ / lgoldt¿kdf To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] hfFr ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ .


dxfdf/Lsf k|sf/ /lgoGq0fsf pkfo

a8{km\n'a8{̂ n'nfO{{ …xfOnL k]yf]h]lgs PlePg Ogkm\n'PGhfÚ klg eGg] ul/G5 . of]s'v'/f, xfF; tyf hª\unL r/fr'?ª\uLdf ljiff0f'åf/f nfUg] ;?jf /f]u xf] .of] /f]u obfsbf ;'Fu'/df klg nfUg] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf] bfaL 5 .dflg;df klg Ogkm\n'PGhf /f]u nfUg] u5{ t/ dflg;df x'g] /f]usf] lsl;dleGg} x'G5 . r/fr'?ª\uLdf nfUg] s]xL pkhfltsf laiff0f'n] dflg;dfuDeL/ k|lts"n k|efj kfg{;S5 . r/fr'?ª\uLdf of] /f]usf] klxrfg ;j{k|yd;g\ !*&* df ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ !((& df dflg;df nfu]sf] yfxfePsf] lyof] .

dflg;df a8{k\mn' nfUg] sf/0f

of] /f]u Ogkm\n'PGhf …PÚ laiff0f'n] ubf{ x'G5 . laiff0f'nfO{ To;sf ;txdfx'g ;Sg] !^ j6f lxdUn'l6lgg\ -h;nfO{ H elgG5_ / ( j6f Go"/fldlg8]h–h;nfO{ N elgG5_ k|f]l6gx¿sf] cfwf/df ljleGg k|hfltdf ljefhgul/Psf 5g\ . tL k|hfltdWo] H5N1, H3N2, H7N7 / H9N2 n] dfqdflg;df /f]u nfu]sf] kfOG5 . Ogkm\n'PGhf …PÚ laiff0f'n] xfF;, s'v'/f,;'Fu'/, 3f]8f tyf cGo hgfj/x¿df dxfdf/L km}nfpF5 . dflg; tyfr/fr'?ª\uLdf nfUg] H5N1 / H7N7 laiff0f' ;ª\qmfds x'g] eP klgdflg;df of] ;lhn} ;g{ ;Sb}g .

oL laiff0f' ^)) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 tfkdf #) ldg]6, @@) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8tftf] kfgLdf $ lbg;Dd / z"Go l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8df ! dlxgf;Dd afFRg;S5g\ . t/ oL hLjf0f'nfO{ kmdf{lng jf cfof]l8gsf] k|of]un] eg] ;lhn}gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 .

a8{k\mn'sf] pTklQ / Oltxf;

of] /f]u ;g\ !((& b]lv r/fr'?ª\uLaf6 dflg;df ;g{ yfn]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .


;f] jif{ xª\usª\udf H5N1 Ogkm\n'PGhfsf !* hgf /f]uL dWo] ^ hgfsf]d[To' ePsf] lyof] . xª\usª\udf ;g\ !((( df H9N2 Ogkm\n'PGhf / ;g\@))# df H5N1 Ogkm\n'PGhfsf] k|sf]k b]lvPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @))# dfH7N7 Ogkm\n'PGhfn] xNof08df Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] *#hgf la/fdL ePsf lyP . ;g\ @))$ df yfONof08 / leotgfddf olsgePsf @# /f]uLdWo] !( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

H5N1 Ogkm\n'PGhfsf] k|sf]k ljleGg r/fr'?ª\uL, s'v'/f tyf ;'Fu'/ /dflg;df klg b]lvPsf] 5 . dflg;df of] /f]u 6sL{, O/fs, ch/a}hfg,OlhK6, tfOjfg, blIf0f sf]l/of, hfkfg, rLg, yfONofg08, OG8f]g]l;of,leotgfd / SofDaf]l8ofdf e]l6Psf] lyof] . g]kfndf eg] xfn;Dd of] /f]us'v'/f, r/f tyf dflg;df e]l6Psf] 5}g .

dflg;df ;g]{ k|lqmof

a8{̂ n'sf] hLjf0f' s'v'/fsf] ¥ofn tyf ;'nLdf sDtLdf !) lbg;Dd /xg;S5 . s'v'/fsf] Ps u|fd ;'nLdf nfvf}+ s'v'/fnfO{ ;ª\qmd0f ug{;Sg]ljiff0f' x'G5g\ . o;sf] hLjf0f' k|b"lift efF8f, cfxf/f, ;'nL, df6f], xfjf /kmf]xf]/ h'Qfsf] dfWodaf6 Pp6f s'v'/f kmfd{af6 csf]{df kmfd{df ;g]{ u5{ .a;fOF ;/]/ cfpg] r/fx¿n] klg of] /f]u ;fg{ ;S5g\ .

dflg;df of] /f]u ;ª\qmldt lhpFbf] jf d/]sf] r/fsf] k|ToIf ;Dks{af6;5{ . ljiff0f'n] ;ª\qmd0f u/]sf] !* b]lv &@ 306fdf o;sf nIf0fb]lvG5 . r/fsf] ;'nL, df;' / c08faf6 klg o;sf] hLjf0f' ;g{ ;S5 .

a8{k\mn'sf] nIf0f

Ogkm\n'PGhf …PÚ sf] ljiff0f'n] r/fx¿df ;fdfGob]lv clt uDeL/ nIf0fx¿b]vfpF5 . cs:dft w]/} s'v'/fx¿ dg]{, km'n kfg{ aGb ug]{, 6fpsf] ;'lGgg],bfgf gvfg], ltvf{pg], ;]tf] 5]g]{ / kIfwft x'g] o;sf k|d'v nIf0f x'g\ .

dflg;df Hj/f] cfpg], vf]sL nfUg] tyf 3fF6L b'Vg] nIf0f b]vf k5{ . s]xLdflg;sf] kmf]S;f]df uDeL/ c;/ k/]/ lgdf]lgof klg x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf/f]u 3fts aGg k'U5 .

s'v'/f kmfd{sf sfdbf/x¿, r/fr'?ª\uLsf] cf}ifwf]krf/ tyf k|of]uzfnfdf;+nUg JolQmx¿nfO{ /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . of] /f]u hf];'s}nfO{ klg


nfUg ;Sg] ePtfklg k'/fgf /f]uL tyf /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf sd ePsfnfO{rf8}F nfU5 .

a8{k\mn'af6 aRg] pkfo / pkrf/

df;' tyf c08fdf /f]usf ljiff0f' kfOg] ePklg tL ljiff0f' ^ ;o l8u|L;]lG6u|8sf] tftf]df #) ldg]6df g} d5{g\ . ctM df;' tyf c08f ksfpFbfTo;sf] leqL tfkqmd ;ft ;o l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 k'u]sf] s]xL a]/d} ljiff0f' dg]{ePsf]n] ksfP/ vfPsf] df;' jf c08faf6 of] /f]u ;g{ ;Sb}g . o;/f]uaf6 aRg lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'k5{ M

zª\sf:kb cj:yfsf r/fr'?ª\uLnfO{ lgu/fgLdf /fVg] / To;sf]cf];f/ k;f/ aGb ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg] ./f]uL jf zª\sf:kb s'v'/fsf] df;' tyf c08f 5'Fbf ;'/lIft kf]zfstyf pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug]{ / 5f]Pdf /fd|/L xft w'g] .s'v'/f kmfd{ / Xofr/Lx¿df h}ljs ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ nfu" ug]{ .s'v'/fsf] df;' tyf c08f /fd|/L ksfP/ dfq vfg] .hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ :jf:Yo lzIff ;+k|]if0f ug]{ .JolQmut ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg] ./f]usf] zª\sf nfu]df t'?Gt ;DalGwt :jf:Yo s]Gb|df va/ ug]{ .

dflg; tyf s'v'/fdf nfu]sf] o; /f]usf] ljz]if pkrf/k4lt ljsl;tePsf] 5}g . /f]uL r/fr'?ª\uLnfO{ tyf hgfj/nfO{ gi6 kfg]{ / ltgsf kmfd{jf vf]/ lg;ª\qmldt ug{' g} o;af6 aRg] klxnf] pkfo xf] . la/fdLdflg;nfO{ 5'6\6} /fvL nIf0fcg';f/ ;xof]ufTds pkrf/ ug'{k5{ . ljb]zdfPlG6efO/n cf}iflwx¿ k|of]u ul/g] ePtfklg g]kfndf tL cf}iflw pknAwgx'g', dxFuf] x'g' / To;sf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿ a9L x'g] ePsf]n] k|of]udfNofOPsf] 5}g . g]kfndf o; /f]usf] lgoGq0fsf nflu lgDg pkfo cjnDagul/Psf] 5 M

lhNnfl:yt :jf:Yo tyf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nox¿, lhNnf kz';]jfsfof{nox¿sf /]lk8 /]:kf]G; 6Ldx¿ / ;a} kz'–Sjf/]G6fOg r]skf]i6x¿nfO{ ;r]t /flvPsf] 5 ./f]usf] afx'No ePsf b]zx¿af6 r/fr'?ª\uL, ck|zf]lwt df;' tyf


cGo r/fhGo kbfy{sf] cfotdf k|ltaGw nufOPsf] 5 .r/f / r/fhGo kbfy{sf] Sjf/]G6fOg k4lt, /f]usf] ;le{n]G; tyfcg'udgdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 ./f]unfO{ lelqg glbg ;ª\s6sfnLg sfo{of]hgf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .kz'kG5Ldf /f]u lgbfgsf nflu s]lGb|o kz'/f]u lgbfg k|of]uzfnf,/fli6«o kG5L /f]u lgbfg k|of]uzfnf tyf If]qLo kz'/f]u lgbfgk|of]uzfnfx¿df / dfgjdf /f]u lgbfgsf] nflu /fli6«o hg:jf:Yok|of]uzfnfdfkm{t sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 .dfgjdf /f]usf] tYo ;"rgf ;+k|]if0f Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .xfn} ljleGg bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]udf $ jif]{ a8{km\n' lgoGq0fcfof]hgfcGtu{t dfgj tyf r/fr'?ª\uLdf /f]usf] vf]h tyfk|of]uzfnf ;'b[9Ls/0f of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .

dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkg;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/L k|foM JolQmut, 3/]n' / dfgjl;lh{t jftfj/0fLocj:yfsf sf/0f km}lng] x'Fbf o;sf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0f dflg;sf] 1fg,wf/0ff / Jojxf/sf] kl/jt{gaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . :jf:Yo lj1fgsf]k|rlnt egfO …pkrf/eGbf /f]syfd pQdÚ (Prevention is better thancure) n] dflg;nfO{ /f]u nflu;s]kl5 pkrf/ ug'{eGbf /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgfb]lvgf;fy /f]syfd ug'{ k|efjsf/L x'g] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . ;fdfGotofdxfdf/L Joj:yfkgdf /f]u ;g]{ / km}ng] ;Defjgfsf] Go"gLs/0f ub}{/f]syfdsf r/0fa4 pkrf/ljlw ckgfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

dxfdf/Lcl3sf] k"j{tof/L of]hgflhNnf k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt, g]kfn /]8qm;, g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L,g]kfn k|x/L tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ lhNnfsf]cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L / k|sf]k k|ltsf/fTds of]hgf tof/ kfg'{k5{ . of]k"j{tof/L of]hgfdf c:ktfndf ul/g] k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf] of]hgf /;fd'bflos txdf lbg'kg]{ :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf lhNnfdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdfd'Vo e"ldsf v]Ng] lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo sfod u/L ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg /


;j{;'ne kx'Frsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg'{k5{ . of]hgfdf lj:t[t :jf:Yol:yltcfsng / pknAw x'g] :jf:Yo ;'ljwf, :yfgLo ;|f]t–;fwg, hgzlQmsf]k|fyldstfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ . jt{dfg ;dodfpknAw eO/x]sf] :jf:Yo ;]jfn] k|sf]ksf] ;dodf s;/L sfd ug{;S5eGg] ljifosf] klg lgSof]{n ug'{k5{ .

;"rgf ;ª\sng

k|sf]ksf] ;Defljt hf]lvddf /x]sf If]qdf ;/sf/L lgsfo, :jf:Yo sfof{no,/]8qm;, g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L, g]kfn :sfp6 tyf cGo;ª\3;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|sf]ksf af/]df b|"t–;"rgf ;ª\sng k|0ffnLsf]ljsf; u/L To;nfO{ ;'b[9 kfg'{k5{ . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no / hg:jf:Yosfof{nodf ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/L u|fdL0f txaf6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug]{/ tTsfn} clen]v ug]{ sfd ug'{k5{ . o:tf] s]Gb| rf}la;}306f v'nf /xg]Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'g'k5{ .

tflnd

:jf:Yo sfo{stf{nfO{ ;/sf/n] cfjZos tflnd lbg'k5{ . o;sf ;fy};d'bfosf :jo+;]jsn] klg tflnd k|fKt ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{k5{ .cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L tyf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{sf;fy} u|fdL0f txb]lv ;DalGwt :jf:Yo lgsfo;Dd e/kbf]{ ;"rgf k|jfxug{;d]t :jo+;]js tflndsf] k|j4{g ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft

k|sf]kkl5 pTkGg x'g;Sg] cfkTsfnLg cj:yfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{cf}iflw tyf pks/0f :yfgLo ;d'bfodf / :jf:Yos]Gb|df df}Hbft /fVg'h?/L x'G5 . lhNnf c:ktfn jf lhNnf :jf:Yo jf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodfcfk"lt{ x'g] cf}iflw tyf pks/0f tTsfn cfk"lt{ ug{;Sg] u/L tof/Lcj:yfdf /fVg'k5{ .

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOk"j{tof/L of]hgf agfpFbf ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfOh:tfljifodf ;+j]bgzLn /xg'k5{ . jftfj/0f k|b"if0f x'g] lqmofsnfknfO{


lg?T;flxt u/L :jR5 jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu ;d'bfocfkm}Fn] klg ;ts{tf ckgfpg'k5{ .

dxfdf/Laf6 k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg To;sf] ;Defjgf, sf/0f/ k|efjaf/] k|efljt x'g;Sg] ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg'k5{ . vf; ;d'bfodfcf}nf] /f]un] x/]s jif{ lgoldth;f] dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k wf/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5eg]] of] ;?jf /f]u nfUg] sf/0f s] xf], s;/L ;5{, /f]usf nIf0f s:tfx'G5g\, /f]uaf6 s:tf] vt/f pTkGg x'g;S5 eGg] ljifodf ;d'bfodfr]tgf clej[l4 ug'{k5{ . o;af6 /f]u km}lng / dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k lng glbg;d'bfon] cfkm}F ;r]t / ;hu eP/ kxn ug{;S5 .

emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, Dofb]Hj/f]h:tf /f]u d'Votof ;/;kmfOsf] sdLsfsf/0f km}nG5 . o:tf /f]usf] dxfdf/L km}lng] ;Defljt :yfgdf hgr]tgfsfo{qmd;Fu} JolQmut, 3/fo;L, ;fd'bflos / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO cleofgrnfpg' a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . w]/}h;f] ;?jf /f]u b"lift kfgLsf] k|of]uaf6dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}ng] u5{g\ . b}lgs pkof]u ul/g] kfgL z'4 / ;kmf x'g':jf:Yosf] b[li6sf]0fn] clgjfo{ zt{ g} xf] . t;y{, ;d'bfodf b"lift kfgLaf6s:tf :jf:Yo ;d:of pAhG5g\ eGg]af/] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} kfgL z'4 kfg]{Jofjxfl/s tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug{ clek|]l/t ug'{k5{ .

:jR5 vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgsf nflu kfgLsf] ;|f]t, ;ª\sng ug]{] 7fpF /3/]n' pkof]usf nflu kfgL /fVg] efF8fnufotdf kfgL b"lift x'g] sf/0faf/];a}df 1fg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . kfgLsf] ;|f]t ;kmf eP klg 3/;DdNofpFbf–NofpFb} klg b"lift x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . ctM :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf]plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] kfgLaf6 km}ng] /f]uhGo dxfdf/L w]/}xb;DdlgoGq0f x'G5 .

3/]n' tyf jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0fsf nflu b}lgs dfgjLo lqmofsnfk /cfr/0fn] k|d'v e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 . jftfj/0fLo z'4tfsf nflu3/fo;L kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;'/lIft Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] lgoldt/]vb]v, dd{t;Def/ ul/g'k5{ . v'nf 7fpFdf lb;flk;fa / kmf]xf]/ ug]{s'/fsf] sfg'gL / Jojxfl/s ¿kdf lgoGq0f x'g'k5{ . ;fj{hlgs kmf]xf]/Joj:yfkgsf] pko'Qm Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .

plNnlvt sfo{ dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf ;fwf/0f pkfo x'g\ .


o:tf sfo{af/] a'em\g / sfof{Gjog ug{ pRrcWoog jf ljz]if1tfsf] h?/tkb}{g . o;sf nflu cfwf/e"t 1fg, ;sf/fTds wf/0ff, ;xof]uL efjgf /;Defljt hf]lvdk|lt rgfvf] eP k'U5 .

k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ug'{kg]{ p4f/ tyf Joj:yfkgs'g} klg /f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}lng] ;Defjgf b]vfk/]df tTsfn};DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfodf va/ ug'{k5{ . o:tf /f]usf] :yfoL lg?k0fsfnflu /f]usf] ;|f]t klxrfg u/L pkrf/ ug{ ljz]if1 / lrlsT;ssf] ;xof]ulng' cfjZos x'G5 . /f]u lgbfgsf nflu pkrf/ ubf{ / /f]uLsf /]vb]vubf{;d]t cGo dflg;df /f]u g;g]{ plrt ljlw ckgfpg'k5{ . dxfdf/Lsf]cj:yfdf k|efljt JolQmsf] clen]v /fvL, To;;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . o;af6 eljiodf dxfdf/Lsf ;Defljt sf/0faf/]cWoog u/L lgoGq0fsf pkfo vf]Hg;d]t ;Da4 kIfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 .

:jf:Yo l:yltsf] cfsngk|sf]k ePsf] :yfg / To; j/k/sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt a'‰g :jf:Yo :jo+;]jsnfO{tTsfn kl/rfng ug'{k5{ . ;d'bfodf s;}nfO{ ck|Tofl;t /f]u nfu]sf]cfef; x'gf;fy :jf:Yo s]Gb|df ;"rgf ug'{k5{ . k|f/lDes :jf:Yo l:yltsf]cfsng ug{ :jf:Yo s]Gb|af6 pknAw kmf/fd e/]/ jf e/fP/ ;DalGwtlgsfodf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . :jf:Yo sfof{non] klg k|sf]khGo 36gfePsf] @$ 306fleqdf d"Nofª\sg 6f]nL k7fO;Sg'k5{ .

:jf:Yo ;]jflhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{non] dxfdf/L km}lng;Sg] If]qdf :yfgLo :jf:Yo;+:yf, g]kfn /]8qm;, k|x/L, ;]gf, lghL :jf:Yo ;+:yf, :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L;+:yf / :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu ;xof]u lnO{ cfkTsfnLg :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfgug{ ;dGjo ug'{k5{ . cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf 3fOt]sf] pkrf/ tyf Joj:yfkg/ ;/;kmfOsf sfo{sf cltl/Qm hg:jf:Yo;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifodf:jf:Yo;]jf s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ .

cfkTsfnLg p4f/;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvfsf] ;+of]hgdf s'g} klg k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6


x'g;Sg] dxfdf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ cfkTsfnLg k"j{tof/L / k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsfo{qmd ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . o:tf sfo{qmdcGt{ut of]hgf th'{df, Ifdtfclej[l4, ;r]tgf sfo{qmd, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx¿aLr ;dGjo sfodug]{h:tf sfo{qmd;d]t ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . jiff{ofddf af9L /klx/f]sf] k|sf]kkl5 b]vfkg{] dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ If]qLo / lhNnftxsf :jf:Yo lgsfox¿df Go"gtd cfkTsfnLg cf}iflw tyf cfjZos;fdu|L k|sf]kcufj} k7fpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . :yfgLo ;+:yf /;xhstf{sf] ;xof]udf ;d'bfon] oL If]qaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]ePsfn] ;xhstf{x¿n] ;d'bfosf] dxfdf/LhGo hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ul//fVg'/fd|f] x'G5 .

cfkTsfnLg :jf:Yo;]jf / /fxt Joj:yfkgsf nflu s]Gb|, If]q / lhNnftxsf cfkTsfnLg k|ltsf/ 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'G5 . lhNnf:jf:Yo sfof{nosf] cu'jfOdf lhNnfdf k|ltsf/ 6f]nLn] If]q / s]Gb|sf]lgb]{zgdf s'g} klg /f]uhGo dxfdf/Lsf] k|ltsf/sf] Joj:yfkg u5{ .;}4flGts / gLltut ¿kdf o:tf 6f]nLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klgjf:tljs ¿kdf k|sf]k / dxfdf/Lsf] ;dodf cfjZos p4f/ tyf /fxtJoj:yfkg ug{] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos tflnd, ;Lk / 1fg lbg]cj;/ eg] ldnfPsf] kfOPsf] 5}g . To;}n] :yfgLo ;+:yfn] ;/f]sf/jfn;Fu;dGjo u/L tflnd / hgr]tgf clej[l4df ;3fp k'¥ofpg' h?/L 5 .

bL3{sfnLg Joj:yfkg;d'bfodf dxfdf/Laf6 d[tssf] ;ª\Vof, k|efljt JolQm, k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf]Nffut / s'n Iflt nufotsf] tYout k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L ;DalGwtlgsfodf k|:t't ug'{k5{ . oL tYosf] cfwf/df hg;d'bfodf ;r]tgfclej[l4sf sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ ;xh x'G5 . o;af6 eljiodf dxfdf/Lsf];Defljt If]qsf] klxrfg u/L k"jf{g'dfg, ;~rf/ / ;dGjosf nfluk"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnL / tYofª\s ;ª\sngdf ;xof]u ldN5 . To;}sf] cfwf/dfbL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug{ / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;/sf/af6 klg cfjZos gLltut / sfg'gL Joj:yfldnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ ;hu / ;lqmo /fVg'k5{ . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f/ Joj:yfkg :jf:Yo lj1fgsf] Jofks / ax'kIfLo ;/f]sf/sf] If]q xf] .


ctM dxfdf/L lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf k"j{tof/L k|ltsf/, k'g/fjnf]sgtyf d"Nofª\sg sfo{sf] ;dGjo eP k6s–k6s bf]xf]l/g] dxfdf/Lsf] :yfoLlgbfg ug{ ;xof]u ldN5 .

ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yfdf ;'wf/

dxfdf/Lsf] lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfndf ljBdfg P]g, sfg'g/ lgodx¿ kof{Kt / k|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvFb}g . hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoLsfg'gsf] cefj cem} klg vl6\sPsf] 5 . g]kfndf lakm/ lgoGq0f P]g,@)@) / ;ª\qmfds /f]u P]g, @)@) dfq} sfof{Gjogdf 5g\ . lakm/ cfpgglbg afnsnfO{ vf]k nufpg' clgjfo{ ug]{ qmddf k|d'v k|:tfjgfsf ;fylakm/ lgoGq0f P]g– @)@) cfPsf] lyof] . kmntM ljZjsf ;fy} g]kfnaf6klg lakm/ pGd"ng ePsf] dflgPsf] 5 .

;ª\qmfds /f]u P]g, @)@) sf] k|:tfjgfn] g]kfn clw/fHoe/ s'g} klgefudf ;ª\qmfds /f]u km}lnPdf jf km}lng] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf To;n]pu|¿k lng gkfpg]u/L] /f]syfd jf lgoGq0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] nIolnPsf] kfOG5 . ;f] P]gn] s'g} klg ;?jf /f]usf] /f]syfd, lgoGq0f /Joj:yfkg ug{] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfPsf] 5 eg] g;g]{ /f]usf] dxfdf/LnfO{j]jf:tf u/]sf] 5 . ctM ;a}vfn] ;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsfnflu cfjZos sfg'g, gLlt tyf lgod :ki6 ¿kdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .oL lgodsf] k|fb'ef{j x'g'klxn] :jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu,:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] 7f8f] sfo{qmd ;~rfngu/L hg:jf:Yosf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf lyP . jt{dfg ;dodf eg]:jf:Yo sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg If]qut¿kdf ;dfof]hg u/LPsLs[t :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . o:tf] Joj:yfePkl5 k|d'v ¿kdf /f]uhGo dxfdf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg x]g]{ Olk8]ldof]nf]hLtyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvfaf6} k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd;d]t ;~rflntx'g]u/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf b]lvPsf ;d:of

/f]uhGo dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf k|d'v ;d:ofnfO{


b]xfocg';f/ lng ;lsG5 M

P]gsfg'gdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg',

s]Gb|Lo txdf ag]sf gLlt, lgod, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd If]q tyflhNnf txdf ;dodf gk'Ug' / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, cg'udg /d"Nofª\sg gx'g',

k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6 :jf:Yo If]qdf kg{;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/af/]kof{Kt 1fg gx'g' tyf hfgsf/L ePsf tYonfO{ klg a]jf:tf ug'{,

dxfdf/LhGo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljljw If]qsf ;ª\3;+:yf /;fem]bf/aLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo x'g g;Sg' .

plNnlvt ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;/sf/L txaf6 gLltut Joj:yfsf]k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g' cfjZos 5 . k|sf]khGo sf/0faf6 l;lh{tdxfdf/L lgoGq0fsf nflu ;j{kIfLo ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/Lsf] cfjZostfk5{ . ctM o;sf] Joj:yfkgsf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] lgsfon] k|efjsf/Le"ldsf v]Ng' cfjZos 5 .

s]Gb|Lo:t/df th'{df ul/Psf] gLlt / of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{If]q / lhNnf txsf :jf:Yo lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; x'g klg h?/L 5 .o;sf cnfjf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;d]tsf] k|efjsf/L ;dGjosfod ug{;s] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;fy{s aGg;S5 . ljsf; xf];\ jf /fxtJoj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / lghLIf]qaLrsf] ;fem]bf/L Ps ckl/xfo{cfjZostf xf] . ;/sf/L lgsfo / u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfaLrsf] ;dGjok|efjsf/L gePdf ;fdflhs sfo{df pTkGg x'g] cj/f]wh:t} o; If]qdfklg ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;Sb}g eGg ;lsGg .

g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf clwsf+z j}b]lzs ;xof]udf lge{/ /x]sf] kl/k|]Iodfo;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ;d]t cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/ lgsfosf] e"ldsf pNn]Vo/xFb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfIf]qsf k|d'v ;xof]uLdf ljZj:jf:Yo ;ª\u7g, o'lg;]km tyf cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;+:yfx¿, bft[;+:yf/ cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf k5{g\ . oLdWo] dxfdf/L lgoGq0f /Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7g, o'lg;]km, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lohg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg sf]if, ljZja}ª\snufotsf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L;+:yfn] a]Unfa]Un} k|lqmofaf6 ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm


/fi6«;ª\3 dftxtsf lgsfo / låkIfLo lgsfon] ;/sf/;Fu gLlt–lgdf{0fb]lvsfof{Gjog tx;Dd k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg eP/ sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ ./fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ljleGg ljifo / If]qdfsfof{Gjog txdf sfd u/]sf 5g\ . dxfdf/L lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkgsfnflu k|fljlws Pj+ cfly{s j}b]lzs ;xof]u :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cleGgcª\usf ¿kdf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . sltko dxfdf/Lsf] lgbfg / /fxtJoj:yfkgsf nflu ;d]t bft[ lgsfosf] d'v tfSg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf nflu /fli6«o Ifdtf ljsf;qmd k|f/lDescj:yfd} /x]sf] 5 . ev{/} dfq :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ljs]Gb|Ls/0f u/L /f]uhGodxfdf/Lsf] /fxt Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lhNnf / :yfgLo txnfO{ lbg] sfo{cf/De ePsf] 5 . ljBdfg cl:y/tf / czflGt tyf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLgcj:yfdf b'u{d / lk5l8Psf ;d'bfodf cfjZos dfgjLo tyf cGo;|f]t;fwg ckof{Kt x'g] ePsfn] w]/}n] k|sf]kaf6 kLl8t x'g'kg]{ / Hofg;d]tu'dfpg'kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfgsfnflu gLltlgdf{tf / lgb]{zs txdf lhDd]jf/L / uDeL/tfsf]] cefjb]lvG5 . Pstkm{ s]Gb|Lo:t/df lgwf{l/t gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, If]q tyflhNnf tx;Dd k'Ug l9nf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ If]q, lhNnf /:yfgLo tx;Dd dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsf lgwf{l/t ;|f]t;fwg ;dod} gk'Ug]/ r'xfj6 x'g] sf/0fn] klg dxfdf/LhGo /fxt Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'gg;s]sf] k|tLt x'G5 .

o; cj:yfdf gLltlgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfon] cfkm}F lhDd]jf/ eP/ :jf:Yosfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug'{ h?/L 5 . To;}u/L,:jf:Yo sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog txsf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ / :jo+;]jssf] Ifdtfljsf;df Wofg k'Ug' klg h?/L 5 . k|sf]khGo dxfdf/L Joj:yfkgsfk"j{tof/L / /fxt Joj:yfkgdf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr ;dGjo :yfkgfug]{ / o:tf ;d:ofaf/] k|];, /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgdfkm{t\ r]tgfd"nssfo{qmd k|;f/0f u/L nlIft p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .


pk;+xf/

;/sf/sf] tYofª\scg';f/ dxfdf/Laf6 yf]/} dfq dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf]b]lvPklg o;sf] jf:tljs tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ Joj:yf clxn];DdgePsfn] olt g} dflg; dxfdf/Laf6 d5{g\ eGg] oyfy{ yfxf kfpg;lsPsf] 5}g . ljz]ifu/L kfgLhGo sf/0faf6 dxfdf/L pTkGg x'g] ePklgcGo k|sf]ksf 36gfkl5 klg o;sf] hf]lvd j[l4 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sltkocj:yfdf cGo s'g} k|sf]k geP klg dxfdf/Ln] w]/} dflg;nfO{ cfˆgf]l;sf/ agfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

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10. epidemics dks 10

Education

Transcript of 10. epidemics dks 10