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PROPELLER SHAFTS
CONTENTS
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GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1PROPELLER SHAFT REPLACEM ENT . . . . . . . . . 7SERVICE DIAGNOSIS/PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . 3
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14UNIVERSAL JOINT REPLACEM ENT . . . . . . . . . . 9
GENERAL INFORMATION
PROPELLER SHAFTSTh e f u n ct ion of a p r op sh a f t is t o t r a n sm it p ow e r
f r om on e p oin t t o a n ot h e r in a sm oot h a ct ion . Th e
s h a f t i s d e s ig n ed t o s e n d t or q u e t h r ou g h a n a n g l ef r om t h e t r a n s m i ss ion (t r a n s f er ca s e on 4WD v e-
hicles) to the axle (Fig. 1).
Th e p rop el le r s h a f t m u s t op er a t e t h r ou g h con -
s t a n t l y c h a n g i n g r e l a t i v e a n g l e s b e t w e e n t h e t r a n s -
mission and axle. I t must also be capable of changing
length while transmitt ing torque. The axle rides sus-
p en d e d by sp r in g s in a f loa t in g m o t ion . Th is m e a n s
t h e p rop el le r s h a f t m u s t b e a b le t o ch a n g e a n g les
when going over various roads. This is accomplished
through un iversal joints, which permit the propeller
sha ft to opera te a t different an gles. The slip joints (or
yokes) permit contraction or expansion.
Tubular propeller sha fts a re bala nced by t he ma nu-
facturer with weights spot welded to the tube.
T h e p r o p e lle r sh a f t is d e sig n e d a n d bu il t w it h t h e
y ok e l u g s i n l in e w i t h e a ch ot h e r w h i ch i s c a l le d
phasing. This design produces the smoothest running
condition. An out of pha se sha ft can cause a vibration.
Before undercoating a vehicle, the propellershaft and the U-joints should be covered. Thiswill prevent the undercoating from causing an
unbalanced condition and vibration.
CAUTION: Use exact replacement hardware for at-taching the propeller shafts. This will ensure safeoperation. The specified torque must always be ap-plied when tightening the fasteners.
UNIVERSAL JOINTSThe front and rear prop shafts use the 1310 series
universal joint .
Two different t ypes of U-joints syst ems a re used:
Single cardan U-joint (Fig. 2)
Double cardan U-joint (Fig. 3)
LUBRICATIONThe slip yoke on the front shaft is equipped with a
z er k t y p e l ub r ica t i on f it t i n g. U s e a m u lt i -p ur pos e
N L G I G r a d e 2 EP lu br ica n t , r e f e r t o G r o u p 0, L u br i-
ca t ion a n d Ma in t e n a n ce f or a d d it ion a l in for m a t ion .
Th e f a ct or y in st a l led U -join t s a r e lu br ica t e d f or t h e
Fig. 1 Front & Rear Propeller Shafts (4WD)
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life of the vehicle and do not need re-lubrication. All
U-joints should be inspected for leakage and damage
e a ch t im e t h e ve h icle is se r vice d . I f se a l le a k a g e o r
dam age exists, the U-joint should be replaced.
Fig. 2 Single Cardan U-Joint (Typical)
Fig. 3 Double Cardan (CV) U-Joint
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SERVICE DIAGNOSIS/PROCEDURES
INDEX
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Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Universal Joint Angle Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
VIBRATIONTires that are out-of-round or wheels that are unbalanced
wil l cause a low frequency vibrat ion. Refer to Group 22,
Tires And Wheels for additional information.
B r a k e d ru ms t h a t a r e u nb a la n ced w i ll ca u se a
h a r s h , l ow f r eq u en cy v ib r a t i on . R ef er t o G r o up 5,
Brakes for addit ional information.
D r ivelin e vibr a t io n ca n a lso r e su lt f r om loose or
d a m a g ed e n gin e m o u n t s. Re fe r t o G r ou p 21, Tr a n s-
missions for a ddit ional information.
P ropeller sha ft vibra tion will increase a s t he vehiclesp e e d is in cr e a se d . A vibr a t io n t h a t o ccu r s w it h in a
specific speed ran ge is not caused by propeller shaft
unbalance. Defective universal joints or an incorrect
propeller shaft angle are usually the cause.
UNBALANCEIf propeller shaft unbalance is suspected, it can be
verified with the following procedure.
Removing and re-indexing the propeller shaft
180 may eliminate some vibrations.
Clean al l the foreign material from the propel ler shaft
an d t he universal joints (mud, un dercoat ing, etc.).
I n s pe ct t h e p rop el le r s h a f t f or m i ss i ng b a l a n ce
weights, broken welds, and bent areas.If the propel-
ler shaft is bent, it must be replaced.
Ensure the universal joints are not worn, are properly
instal led, and are correct ly a l igned wi th the sha ft .
Check the universal joint clam p screws t orque.
(1) Raise the vehicle.
(2) Re m o ve t h e w h e e l a n d t ir e s. I n st a l l t h e w h e e l
lu g n u t s t o r e t a in t h e br a k e d r u m s.
(3) Ma r k a n d n um ber t h e pr op s ha f t t ub e s ix
inches from the yoke end at four posit ions 90 apa rt .(4) Ru n a n d a cce le r a t e t h e ve h icle u n t i l vibr a t io n
occu r s. N o t e t h e in t e n sit y a n d sp ee d t h e vibr a t io n
occurred. Stop the engine.
(5) I n st a l l a scr ew cla m p a t Position 1 (Fig. 1).(6) S t a r t t h e e n gin e a n d r e -ch eck f or vibr a t io n . I f
t h er e i s l it t l e o r n o c h a n g e i n v ib r a t i on , m ov e t h e
clamp to one of the other three posit ions. Repeat the
vibration test .
(7) If there is no change in vibration, the vibration
may not be caused by prop shaft unbalance.
(8) I f t h e v ib r a t i on d ecr ea s e d, i n st a l l a s econ d
clam p (Fig. 2). Repeat the vibra tion test .(9) I f t h e cl a m ps ca u s e a n a d d i t ion a l u n ba l a n c ed
DRIVELINE VIBRATION
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condition. Separa te the clam p screws (1/4 inch abovea n d 1/4 in ch below t h e m a r k ). Re pe a t t h e vibr a t io n
test (Fig. 3).
(10) I n cr ea se d ist a n ce be t w e en t h e cla m p scr e w s
a n d r e pe a t t h e t e st u n t i l t h e a m ou n t o f vibr a t io n is a t
t h e lo w est level . B e n d t h e sla ck e n d o f t h e cla m p s so
the screws will not loosen.
(11) Inst all t he wh eel a nd t ires. Lower t he vehicle.
(12) I f t h e a m o u n t of vibr a t ion r e m a in s u n a cce pt -
able, apply procedures at the front end of the propel-
ler sh a f t .
RUNOUT(1) Remove dirt , rust , paint , and undercoating from
the propeller sha ft sur face. Areas where th e dial indi-cator will contact the shaft must be clean.
(2) The dial indicator must be installed perpendicu-
la r t o t h e sh a f t su r f a ce .
(3) M e a s ur e r u n ou t a t t h e c en t er a n d e nd s a w a y
from welds.
(4) Refer to Runout Specificat ions chart .
(5) Rep la ce t h e p r op eller sh a f t i f t h e r u n ou t e x-
ceeds th e limit .
UNIVERSAL JOINT ANGLE MEASUREMENT
INFORMATION
Wh e n t w o sh a f t s in t er sect a t a com m o n u n iver sa ljoi n t , t h e a n g l e i s ca l l ed t h e op er a t i n g a n g l e. Th e
la r g e r t h e o p e r a t in g a n g le , t h e la r g e r t h e a m o u n t o f
acceleration a nd decelerat ion of the joint . For every
r e vo lu t io n t h e r e a r e t w o a cce le r a t io n s a n d d e ce le r a -
t i on of t h e u n iv er s a l joi n t . Th i s s pe ed in g u p a n d
slow in g d ow n of t h e join t m u st be ca n celled t o p r o -
duce a smooth power flow. This is done through phas-
ing a nd proper universal joint w orking a ngles.
A propeller shaft is properly phased when the yoke
ends are on the same plane or in line. A twisted shaft
will throw the yokes out of phase and cause a notice-
able vibration.When ta king universal joint angle mea surements or
checking pha sing w ith tw o piece shafts, consider each
sh a f t se pa r a t e ly. O n 4WD veh icles, t h e f r on t sh a f t
input (pinion shaft) angle has priority over the caster
angle.
Ideally the driveline system should have:
Angles that are equal or opposite within 1
degree of each other
Have a 3 degree maximum operating angle
Fig. 1 Clamp Screw At Position 1
Fig. 2 Two Clamp Screws At The Same Position
Fig. 3 Clamp Screws Separated
RUNOUT SPECIFICATIONS
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Have at least a 1/2 degree continuous operat-ing (propeller shaft) angle
En g in e sp e e d (R.P.M.) is t h e m a in f a ct o r in d e t e r -
m in in g m a x im u m a llow a ble op er a t in g a n g le s. As a
g u id e t o m a x im u m n o r m a l o p e r a t in g a n g le s r e f e r t o
the chart listed (Fig. 4).
INSPECTION
Before measuring universal joint angles, thefollowing must be done. Inflat e a ll t ires t o correct pressure.
Check angles in the same loaded or unloadedcondition as when the vibration occurred. Propshaft angles will change according to theamount of load in the vehicle. Always checkangles in loaded and unloaded conditions. Check the condition of all suspension springs and
verify a ll fast eners ar e torqued to specifications.
Check the condition of the engine and tra nsmission
mounts. Verify all fasteners are torqued to specifica-
tions.
MEASUREMENT
To a ccurat ely check d riveline a lignment, ra ise a nd
su pp or t t h e ve hicle a t t h e a x les a s level a s p ossible.
Allow the wheels and propeller shaft to turn. Remove
snap rings from universal joint so Inclinometer 7663
(J -23498A) base sits flat on cap.
(1) R ot a t e t h e s h a f t u n t il t r a n s m i ss ion /t r a n s f er
case output yoke bearing is facing downward.Always make measurements from front to
rear.(2) Place Inclinometer on yoke bearing (A) parallel
to the shaft (Fig. 5). Center bubble in sight glass andrecord m easurement.
This mea surement w ill give you t he tra nsmission orOUTP U T YOKE ANG LE (A).
(3) Rotate propeller shaft 90 degrees and place In-
clinometer on yoke bearing parallel to the shaft (Fig.6). Center bubble in sight glass and record measure-
m e n t .T h is m e a su r e m e n t w il l g ive y o u t h e PRO PEL L ER
SHAFTANGLE (C).(4) Subtract smaller figure from larger (C minus A)
t o ob ta i n t r a ns mis sion OU TP U T OP E R ATI NG
AN G L E.
(5) Rotate propeller shaft 90 degrees and place In-
cl in om et e r on p in i on y ok e b ea r i n g p a r a l lel t o t h e
shaft (Fig. 7). Center bubble in sight glass and record
measurement.
This measurement will give you the pinion shaft or
INPUT YOKE ANGLE (B).
(6) Subtract smaller figure from larger (C minus B)
to obtain axle INPUT OPERATING ANGLE.
Refer to rules given below and the example in (Fig.
8) for addit iona l informat ion.
G o od ca n c el la t i on of u -joi n t op er a t i n g a n g l es
(within 1)
Operating angles less than 3
At least 1/2 of one degree continuous operating(propeller shaft) angle
Fig. 4 Maximum Angles and R.P.M.
Fig. 5 Front (Output) Angle Measurement (A)
Fig. 6 Propeller Shaft Angle Measurement (C)
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ADJUSTMENT WITH CAMS
Ad ju s t t h e a n g l e b y r ot a t i n g ca m s on t h e u pp er
suspension arms (Fig. 9). On 4WD vehicles, the front
sh a f t in pu t (p in ion sh a f t ) a n g le h a s p r ior i t y over t h e
caster angle.
A ca m s er v ice k it i s a v a i l a b le t o a d ju s t t h e r ea r
propeller shaft angle. The cam kit is installed in the
upper suspension arms at the axle.
Fig. 7 Rear (Input) Angle Measurement (B)
Fig. 8 Universal Joint Angle Example
Fig. 9 Angle Adjustment With Cams
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PROPELLER SHAFT REPLACEMENT
PRECAUTIONSU se e x a ct r e p la ce m e n t h a r d w a r e f o r a t t a ch in g t h e
propeller sha fts. This will ensure sa fe opera tion. The
sp e cif ie d t o r q u e m u st a lw a y s be a p p lie d w h e n t ig h t -
ening the fasteners.
It is important to mark the propeller shaft yoke anda x le or t r a n sm ission y ok e bef or e r e m ova l (F ig . 1).
Th is w il l a ssu r e cor r e ct p h a sin g a n d e lim in a t e p os-
sible vibrat ion.
CAUTION: Do not allow the propeller shaft to drop
or hang from either universal joint during removal.
Attach it to the vehicle underside with wire to pre-
vent damage to the universal joints.
CAUTION: It is very important to protect the ma-
chined, external surface of the slip yoke from dam-
age after propeller shaft removal. If damaged, the
transmission extension seal could be damaged and
cause a leak.
FRONT
REMOVAL
(1) S h if t t h e t r a n sm issio n a n d t r a n sf e r ca se ( i f a p -
p lica ble ) t o N e u t r a l p o sit io n . Ra ise t h e ve h icle . Re -m ove sk id p la t e s (i f e q u ip pe d ) f r om f r a m e , r e fe r t o
Group 13, Frames.
(2) S cr i be a l i gn m en t m a r k s on t h e y ok es a t t h e
t r a n sf er ca s e a n d a x le p in ion . P l a ce m a r ks a t t h e
p in io n sh a f t a n d a t e a ch e n d o f t h e p r o p e lle r sh a f t .
Th e se m a r k s w il l be u se d f or in st a l la t ion r e fe r en ce
(Fig. 2).
(3) Rem ove t h e U -join t st r a p bolt s a t t h e p in ion
shaft yoke.
(4) Re m ove bo lt s f r om t r a n sf e r ca se y o ke a n d r e -
move the propeller shaft.
INSTALLATION
(1) Posit ion the propeller shaft with the yoke refer-
e n ce m a r k s a l ig n ed . I n st a l l t h e p r op elle r sh a f t (F ig .
2).
Re pla cem e n t U -join t st r a p s a n d bolt s m u st be in -
stalled.
(2) Tig h t en t h e U -join t st r a p bolt s a t t h e p in ion
s ha ft t o 1 9 Nm (14 f t . l bs .) t or q u e. Ti gh t en t h et r a n s fer ca s e y ok e b ol t s t o 27 Nm (19.5 f t . lbs.)
torque.
(3) Install skid plates (if equipped), refer to Group
13, F ra mes. Lower t he vehicle.
REAR
REMOVAL
(1) S h if t t h e t r a n sm issio n a n d t r a n sf e r ca se ( i f a p -
plicable) to Neutral posit ion. Ra ise t he vehicle.
(2) S cr ibe a l ign m e n t m a r k s a t t h e p in ion y ok e a n d
at each end of the propeller shaft .
(3) Rem ove t h e U -join t st r a p bolt s a t t h e p in ion
shaft yoke.
(4) S l id e t h e sl ip y ok e of f t r a n sm ission /t r a n sf e r
case output shaft. Remove the propeller shaft (Fig. 3).
INSTALLATION
(1) Slide t he s lip yoke on the tra nsmission/tra nsfer
ca s e ou t pu t s h a f t . Al ig n t h e i n st a l l a t i on r ef er en ce
m a r k s a t t h e p in ion y ok e. I n st a l l t h e p r o pe ller sh a f t
(Fig. 3).
Re pla cem e n t U -join t st r a p s a n d bolt s m u st be in -
stalled.
Fig. 1 Reference Marks on Yokes
Fig. 2 Front Propeller Shaft
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(2) Tighten the U-joint strap bolts to 19 Nm (14 ft.
lbs.) torque.
(3) Lower the vehicle.
Fig. 3 Rear Propeller Shaft
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UNIVERSAL JOINT REPLACEMENT
PRECAUTIONSI t is ve r y im p o r t a n t t o p u t r e f e r e n ce m a r k s o n t h e
yokes before removal or component service (Fig. 1).
Th is w il l a ssu r e cor r e ct p h a sin g a n d e lim in a t e p os-
sible vibrat ion.
SINGLE CARDAN
REMOVAL/DISASSEMBLY
Single carda n universal joints ar e not serviceable. If
worn or leaking, they must be replaced as a unit .
(1) Remove the propeller sha ft . Refer to P ropeller
Shaft Replacement in this Group.
(2) P a i n t or s cor e a l i gn m en t m a r k s on t h e y ok es
an d propeller sha ft for insta llat ion reference.(3) Using a soft drift , tap the outside of the bearing
assembly t o loosen sna p ring.
(4) Remove snap rings from both sides of yoke (Fig.
2).
(5) S e t t h e y o ke i n a n a r b or p re ss or v is e w i t h a
l a r g e s ock et b en ea t h i t . P o s it i on t h e y ok e w i t h t h e
lube fit t ing pointing up (if equipped). Place a smaller
socke t on t h e u p p er bea r in g a sse m bly a n d p r ess i t
t h r o u g h t o r e le a se t h e lo w e r be a r in g a sse m bly (F ig .
3).
(6) I f t h e b ea r i n g a s s em b ly w i ll n ot p ul l o u t b y
h a n d a f t e r p r essin g, t a p t h e ba se o f t h e lu g n e a r i t t o
dislodge.
(7) To remove the opposite bearing, turn the yoke
over and straighten the cross in the open hole. Then
carefully press the end of the cross until the remain-
ing bearing can be removed (Fig. 4).
CAUTION: If the cross or bearing assembly arecocked when being pressed, the bearing assemblywill score the walls of the yoke bore and ruin theyoke.
CLEANING AND INSPECTION(1) C l e a n a l l t h e u n iv er s a l joi n t y ok e b or es w i t h
cleaning solvent and a wire brush.
(2) I n s pect t h e y ok es f or d is t or t i on , cr a c ks a n d
worn bearing assembly bores.
ASSEMBLY/INSTALLATION
(1) App ly e xt r e m e p r e ssu r e (EP ) N .L .G .I . G r a d e 1
or 2 grease to aid in installat ion.
Fig. 1 Reference Marks on Yokes
Fig. 2 Remove Snap Ring
Fig. 3 Press Out Bearing
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(2) P o si t ion t h e cr os s i n t h e y ok e w i t h i t s l ub e
fitting (if equipped) pointing up (Fig. 5).
(3) Place a bearing assembly over the trunnion and
align it with the cross hole (Fig. 6). Keep the needle
bea r in g s u p r ig h t in t h e bea r in g a sse m bly. A n e e d le
roller lying at the bottom will prevent proper assem-
bly.
(4) Pr e ss t h e be a r in g a sse m bly in t o t h e cr o ss h o le
e n ou g h t o in st a l l a sn a p r in g . I n st a l l a sn a p r in g .
(5) R ep ea t s t ep s 3 a n d 4 t o i n st a l l t h e op pos it e
bearing assembly. If the joint is st iff , str ike the yoke
w i t h a s of t h a m m e r t o s ea t t h e n e ed le b e a r in g s. I n -
st a l l a sn a p r in g .
(6) Add grease to lube fitting (if equipped).
(7) I n st a l l t h e p r op eller sh a f t . Re fe r t o P r op elle r
Shaft Replacement in this Group.
DOUBLE CARDAN (CV)
REMOVAL/DISASSEMBLY
Single carda n universal joints a re not serviceable. Ifworn or leaking, they must be replaced as a unit .
(1) Remove the propeller shaft . Refer to Propeller
Shaft Replacement in this Group.
(2) P a i n t or s cor e a l i gn m en t m a r k s on t h e y ok es
an d propeller sha ft for insta llat ion reference.
(3) R em ov e a l l t h e b ea r i n g a s s em b ly s n a p r in g s
(Fig. 7).
(4) Pr e ss t h e be a r in g a sse m bly p a r t ia l ly f r o m t h e
outboard side of the center yoke, enough to grasp by
vise jaw s (Fig. 8). B e sure t o remove an y lube fit t ings
t h a t m a y in t e rf er e w it h r e m ova l .
Fig. 4 Press Out Remaining Bearing
Fig. 5 Install Cross In Yoke
Fig. 6 Install Bearing On Trunnion
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(5) G ra sp the protruding bearing by vise jaw s. Tap
the tube yoke with a mallet and drift to dislodge fromth e yoke (Fig. 9).
(6) F li p a s s em bl y a n d r epea t s t eps 4 a n d 5 f or
r e m ovin g t h e op posit e sid e be a r in g . Th is w il l a l low
r em ov a l of t h e cr os s cen t er in g k it a s s em b ly a n d
spring (Fig. 10).
(7) P r e ss t h e r e m a in in g be a r in g a ssem blie s o ut t h e
other cross as described above to complete the disas-
sembly.
CLEANING AND INSPECTION
(1) C le a n a l l t h e U -join t y ok e bo r es w it h cle a n in gsolven t a n d a w ir e br u sh .
(2) I n s pect t h e y ok es f or d is t or t i on , cr a c ks a n d
worn bearing assembly bores.
ASSEMBLY/INSTALLATION
During installation, ensure that the spiders
and yokes are aligned to the reference marks.
(1) Fit a cross into the tube yoke (Fig. 11).
Fig. 7 Remove Snap Rings
Fig. 8 Press Out Bearing
Fig. 9 Remove Bearing From Yoke
Fig. 10 Remove Centering Kit
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(2) P l a ce a b ea r i n g a s s em b ly i n a t u b e y ok e h o le
a n d over a t r u n n ion . K e ep t h e n e ed le bea r in g s u p -right in the bearing assembly (Fig. 12). A needle roller
lying at the bottom will prevent proper assembly. Be
s u r e t o r e m ov e a n y l u be f it t i n gs t h a t m a y i n t er f er e
with removal.
(3) Pr e ss t h e be a r in g a sse m bly in p la ce a n d in st a l l
a snap ring (Fig. 13).
(4) Flip the tube yoke and bearing assembly instal-
la t ion on t h e o pp osit e t r u n n ion . I n st a l l a sn a p r in g
(Fig. 14).
(5) F it t h e ce n t e r y o k e o n t h e r e m a in in g t w o t r u n -
n i on s a n d p re ss b ea r i n g a s s em b li es i n p la c e, b ot h
sides (Fig. 15). Inst all a sna p ring.
(6) I n s t a l l t h e ce nt e ri n g k it a s s em b ly i n si de t h e
ce n t e r y o k e m a k in g su r e t h e sp r in g is in p la ce (F ig .
16). Alig n t h e lu be f i t t in g o n t h e ce n t e r in g k it w it h
the lube fit t ing on t he insta lled cross.
(7) P la ce t w o bea r in g a sse m blies on t h e r e m a in in g
cross (opposite sides). Fit the open trunnions into thecenter yoke holes a nd t he bearing a ssemblies into the
centering kit (Fig. 17). Align the lube fit t ing on th e
cross with the other two lube fit t ings.
(8) P r e ss t h e r em a i n in g t w o b ea r i n g a s s em b li es
into place and insta ll sna p rings (Fig. 18).
(9) Ta p t h e s n a p r i ng s t o a l low t h em t o s e a t i n t o
the grooves (Fig. 19).
(10) Check for proper assembly. Flex the CV joint
beyond center, it should snap over-center in both di-
rections when correctly assembled (Fig. 20).
(11) Add grea se to a ll three lube fit t ings.
Fig. 11 Install Cross In Yoke
Fig. 12 Install Bearing Assembly
Fig. 13 Press In Bearing Assembly
Fig. 14 Press In Bearing Assembly
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(12) In sta ll t he propeller sha ft . Refer to P ropellerShaft Replacement in this Group.
Fig. 15 Install Center Yoke
Fig. 16 Install Centering Kit
Fig. 17 Install Remaining Cross
Fig. 18 Press In Bearing Assembly
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TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Fig. 19 Seat Snap Rings In GrooveFig. 20 Check Assembly
PROPELLER SHAFTS AND U-JOINTS
16 - 14 PROPELLER SHAFTS Z
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