� You have already (briefly) been introduced to Roman Numerals
� This chapter will introduce how to say the cardinal numbers in Latin and will go deeper into learning the Roman numerals
� Nota Bene: • Cardinal numbers are the counting numbers � (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)
• Ordinal numbers put things in order � (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.)
• I _____________________ • II _____________________ • III _____________________ • IV _____________________ • V _____________________ • VI _____________________ • VII _____________________ • VIII _____________________ • IX _____________________ • X _____________________
unus duo tres quattuor quinque sex septem octo novem decem
• XI _____________________ • XII _____________________ • XIII _____________________ • XIV _____________________ • XV _____________________ • XVI _____________________ • XVII _____________________ • XVIII _____________________ • XIX _____________________ • XX _____________________
undecim duodecim tredecim quattuordecim quindecim sedecim septemdecim duodeviginti undeviginti viginti
� Cardinal numbers are indeclinable (not able to have the endings changed) except for _______________, ______________, and ____________.
unus duo tres
� The most familiar Roman numerals are:
unus quinque
decem quinquaginta
centum quingenti
mille
� XX _________________________________ • XXI ___________________________ • XXII ___________________________ • XXIII___________________________
� XXX_________________________________ � XL _______________________________
viginti unus et viginti duos et viginti tres et viginti
triginta quadraginta
� L _________________________________ � LX _________________________________ � LXX_________________________________ � LXXX_________________________________ � XC _________________________________ � C _________________________________
quinquaginta sextaginta
septuaginta octoginta
nonaginta centum
Base Number
(usually biggest)
Add to base
Subtract from base
For example: 783
DCC (base) (700)
LXXX (+ 80) (780)
III (+ 3) (783)
DCCLXXXIII (783)
=
Numbers have to be grouped by thousands, hundreds, tens and ones
Base Number
(usually biggest)
Add to base
Subtract from base
For example: 94
XC (base)
(90)
IV (+ 4 more)
(94)
CXIV (94)
=
Base Number
(usually biggest)
Add to base
Subtract from base
For example: 4678
MMMM (base) (4000)
DC (+ 600 more)
(4600)
LXX (+ 70) (4670)
VIII (+ 8)
(4678)
MMMMDCLXXVIII (4678) =
duos canes
II
octo discipuli VIII
una luna I
tres magistri III
tria ova III
quattuor equi IV
quinque cerasi V
una ianua
I
una rosa I
duae feminae
II
sex stellae VI
duos discipuli II
� A good trick to solving word problems (both in English and Latin!) is to look for clues that determine • what numbers you’re supposed to use • what kind of math you’re supposed to execute
� Habet = has � Intrat = enter
• as in “she enters the shop with ________ dollars � Constat/constant = costs � Restant = remain
• as in “she has ______ dollars remaining” � manet = stay
• as in “she stays with her sister for ______ weeks” � dsds
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