You Gotta Have HeartYou Gotta Have Heart
The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System
Circulatory System Consists Circulatory System Consists of…of…
Blood Blood VesselsVessels
BloodBlood
HeartHeart
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
Two PathwaysTwo Pathways
Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation– Carries blood to lungs and backCarries blood to lungs and back
Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation– Carries blood to body and backCarries blood to body and back
Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung
Your Blood Vessels: Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of CirculationPathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels3 types of vessels– ArteriesArteries– CapillariesCapillaries– VeinsVeins
Artery vs. VeinArtery vs. Vein
Arteries:Arteries:carries blood carries blood Away from heartway from heart
– LargeLarge– Thick-walled, MuscularThick-walled, Muscular– ElasticElastic– Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary ArteryException Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressureCarried under great pressure– Steady pulsatingSteady pulsatingArteriolesArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue: smaller vessels, enter tissue
CapillariesCapillaries
– Smallest vesselSmallest vessel– MicroscopicMicroscopic– Walls one cell thickWalls one cell thick– Nutrients and gases diffuse hereNutrients and gases diffuse here
Veins:Veins:Carries blood to heart
– Carries blood that Carries blood that contains waste and COcontains waste and CO22
Exception pulmonary veinException pulmonary vein
– Blood not under much Blood not under much pressurepressure
– ValvesValves to prevent much to prevent much gravity pullgravity pull
VenulesVenules: larger than : larger than capillariescapillaries
Varicose VeinsVaricose VeinsDamaged Valves in VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
BLOODBLOOD
What is Blood?What is Blood?
The BloodThe Blood
Body contains 4-6 Body contains 4-6 LL
Consists of Consists of – WaterWater– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlasmaPlasma– White blood cells White blood cells
and plateletsand platelets
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Parts of the BloodParts of the Blood
Your Blood: Fluid TransportYour Blood: Fluid Transport
a Tissuea Tissue 50% 50% waterwater 4% dissolved 4% dissolved
substancessubstances
Liquid Portion Carries Liquid Portion Carries Blood cellsBlood cells
– Erythrocytes (RBC - red Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)blood cells)
– Leucocytes (WBC - white Leucocytes (WBC - white blood cells) blood cells)
Platelets (non cellular particles)Platelets (non cellular particles) ProteinsProteins
– Enzymes Enzymes – Hormones – Endocrine SystemHormones – Endocrine System
Nutrients - Digestive SystemNutrients - Digestive System Gases - Respiratory SystemGases - Respiratory System Inorganic saltsInorganic salts
Oxygen in the BloodOxygen in the Blood
Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin, iron containing iron containing moleculemolecule
Loosely picks Loosely picks up oxygen in up oxygen in the lungsthe lungs
Loses oxygen Loses oxygen in areas low in in areas low in oxygen oxygen (diffuses)(diffuses)
Carbon Dioxide in the BloodCarbon Dioxide in the Blood
Hemoglobin carries COHemoglobin carries CO22 also also
COCO2 2 is a waste product of is a waste product of cellular workcellular work
70% of CO70% of CO2 2 combines with combines with water water
The rest travels to the lungsThe rest travels to the lungs
What does blood contain?What does blood contain?
50% Water50% Water 45% Erythrocytes45% Erythrocytes 4% Plasma with 4% Plasma with
SubstancesSubstances 1% Leukocytes + 1% Leukocytes +
PlateletsPlatelets
Erythrocytes (RBC)Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters ofTransporters of
– OxygenOxygen– Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
RBCRBC– Lack a nucleusLack a nucleus– Contain hemoglobinContain hemoglobin– Disk-shapedDisk-shaped
RBC are produced in red RBC are produced in red bone marrow of bone marrow of – ribs, ribs, – humerus, humerus, – femur, femur, – sternum, and other long bonessternum, and other long bones
Lives for 120 daysLives for 120 days Old RBC are destroyed in Old RBC are destroyed in
liver and spleenliver and spleen
Leukocytes (WBC)Leukocytes (WBC)
WBC fight infectionWBC fight infection– Attack foreign Attack foreign
substancessubstances Less abundantLess abundant Large cellsLarge cells Some live for Some live for
monthsmonths– Most just a few Most just a few
daysdays Several typesSeveral types ALL contain nucleiALL contain nuclei
PlateletsPlatelets
PLATELETS are for CLOTTING PLATELETS are for CLOTTING bloodblood
Cell fragmentsCell fragments Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow Short life span (1 week)Short life span (1 week) Fibrin (sticky network of protein Fibrin (sticky network of protein
fibers)fibers)– Form a web trapping blood cellsForm a web trapping blood cells
Blood Clotting
Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
HEARTHEART
Your Heart: The Vital PumpYour Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart At REST, the heart pumps about 5 pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a QUARTS of blood a minute.minute.
During EXTREME During EXTREME EXERTION EXERTION (exercise) it can (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a pump 40 quarts a minute.minute.
Heart:Heart:Structure and FunctionStructure and Function
Keeps blood Keeps blood movingmoving
Large organ Large organ composed of composed of – cardiac muscle, cardiac muscle, – rich in mitochondriarich in mitochondria– Enclosed by a sac Enclosed by a sac
PERICARDIUMPERICARDIUM
The Structures of the Heart
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Inferior Vena CavaVein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium
Tricuspid ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle
Pulmonary ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary VeinsBring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
Superior Vena CavaLarge vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium
AortaBrings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
Pulmonary ArteriesBring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Aortic ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta
Mitral ValvePrevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Septum
Structure of Heart (cont)Structure of Heart (cont)
Four chambers Four chambers – Two upper (Atria)Two upper (Atria)
Walls thinnerWalls thinner Less muscularLess muscular
– Two lower Two lower (Ventricles)(Ventricles) Walls thickerWalls thicker More muscularMore muscular Do more workDo more work
Blood Flow Through the Blood Flow Through the HeartHeart
©COPY 1997 HeartPoint©COPY 1997 HeartPoint
Bloods Path Through the Bloods Path Through the HeartHeart
Both Atria fill at same timeBoth Atria fill at same time
– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cavafrom body from vena cava
– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary from lungs through four pulmonary veinsveins
After filled with blood atria contract, After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventriclepushing blood into ventricle
Both ventricles contractBoth ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, toward lungs,
against gravity, against gravity, through pulmonary arteriesthrough pulmonary arteries
Left ventricle contracts and forces Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood oxygen rich blood out of heart through out of heart through aorta (largest vessel)aorta (largest vessel)
Bloods Path Through the Heart Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)(cont)
Control of the HeartControl of the Heart(Nervous System)(Nervous System)
Medulla oblongata regulates rateMedulla oblongata regulates rate Sensory cells stretch when too fastSensory cells stretch when too fast Pressure drops when beat is too lowPressure drops when beat is too low
Heartbeat RegulationHeartbeat Regulation
Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)(pulse)
Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right atriumright atrium
Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contractcontract
Triggers 2Triggers 2ndnd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right atrium to send message to ventricles, right atrium to send message to ventricles, they contractthey contract
EkG – record of electrical changes in the heartEkG – record of electrical changes in the heart
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Conducting fibers
Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles
The Sinoatrial Node
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Blood against the blood vessel’s Blood against the blood vessel’s wallswalls– The systolic pressure refers toThe systolic pressure refers to
the pressure recorded while the ventricles the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood.pump the blood.
– The diastolic pressure refers to The diastolic pressure refers to the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill
with blood.with blood.
A normal blood pressure is 120/80A normal blood pressure is 120/80
DISORDERSDISORDERS
ATHEROSCLEROSISATHEROSCLEROSIS– Fatty deposits called plaqueFatty deposits called plaque– Builds up in walls of arteriesBuilds up in walls of arteries– Obstructs flowObstructs flow– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks
flow elsewhereflow elsewhere
Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)
HypertensionHypertension– High blood pressureHigh blood pressure– Hearts works harder than necessaryHearts works harder than necessary– Increases risk of heart attack or strokeIncreases risk of heart attack or stroke
Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)
Heart AttackHeart Attack– Atherosclerosis in coronary arteryAtherosclerosis in coronary artery– Heart muscle begins to dieHeart muscle begins to die
SymptomsSymptoms– NauseaNausea– Shortness of breathShortness of breath– Severe chest painSevere chest pain
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARYIMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY
Disorders (cont)Disorders (cont)
StrokeStroke– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels
leading to brainleading to brain– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygenBrain cells die due to lack of oxygen
Or blood vessel burstOr blood vessel burst
– Can lead to paralysis, Can lead to paralysis, loss of ability to speakloss of ability to speak deathdeath
Current PREVENTION Current PREVENTION RecommendationsRecommendations
Regular exerciseRegular exercise Weight controlWeight control Well balanced dietWell balanced diet Do not smokeDo not smoke Diet low in Diet low in
saturated fatsaturated fat
Blood TypesBlood Types
Massive loss of blood requires a Massive loss of blood requires a transfusiontransfusion
Four TypesFour Types– AA– BB– ABAB– OO
Inherited from your parentsInherited from your parents
Blood TypesBlood Types
What happens when you mix What happens when you mix blood types?blood types?
Plasma contains proteins Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape that correspond to the shape of the different antigensof the different antigens
If you mix one type with the If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get wrong one, you get CLUMPINGCLUMPING
Type O is the universal donor Type O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal Type AB is the universal
acceptoracceptor
What Makes Our Blood What Makes Our Blood Type?Type?
Blood Type of Donor
A
B
AB
O
Blood Type of Recipient
A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion
Blood Transfusions
Rh FactorRh Factor
Rhesus factor (Rh), also inheritedRhesus factor (Rh), also inherited– RhRh++ (have antigen) (have antigen)– RhRh- - (NO antigen)(NO antigen)
Can cause complications in Can cause complications in pregnanciespregnancies– mother Rhmother Rh-- 1 1stst baby Rh baby Rh++ : blood mixes : blood mixes
with mother; mother’s body makes anti-with mother; mother’s body makes anti-RhRh++ antibodies antibodies
– 22ndnd Rh Rh ++ body attacks baby body attacks baby– Now have medicine to prevent antibody Now have medicine to prevent antibody
formationformation
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