Word Graphs in Architectural Design
B. de Vries
Joran Jessurun, Nicole Segers, Henri Achten
Architectural Design DraftSketch of Le Corbusier
Research
Related research:
• Intelligent drawing objects
• Sketch recognition
Our approach: Annotations
Design Entities
• Sketch
• Words
• Image
• Marks
Lexical Associations
• Semantic: theoretical, common understanding
• Episodic: not theoretical, individual perception
(After Silbermann)
Word Graphs
Lexicon WordNet
Visualize DOT
User SemanticAssociations
Words
Images ofWord graphs
Uses
Uses
Direct RelationsNoun
Synonym Equivalent
Antonym Exact Opposite
Hyponym Subordinate – … is a kind of
Hypernym Superordinate – is a kind of …
Meronym Is a part of
Holonym Is a whole of
Verb
Synonym Equivalent
Antonym Exact Opposite
Troponym Particular ways to do this
Hypernym Superordinate – is one way to…
Entailment Cannot without, … entails doing
Adjective
Synonym Equivalent
Antonym Exact Opposite
Similar Not exactly the same
Pertainym Relational Adjective
Adverb
Synonym Equivalent
Antonym Exact Opposite
Indirect Relations
• Hypernym2
• Holonym2
Word Graph test system
Redundancy Filtering
• Ignore Transitive Hypernyms
• Ignore Transitive Holonyms
• Ignore Secondary Synonyms
house
building
structure
Relevance Filtering
• Ignore Same Syntax Words
• Remove Generated Distractors
wall wall
structure wall
object
Word Recognition
Experiment (brief)
• Prototype recordings
• Panel ratings
• Questionnaire
19 Professional Architects
Experiment Set-Up
Snapshot Work Desk
Results(1)
Is the design positively influenced?
Answer: Not significantly
Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words
Results(2)
Does the architect have more associations, ideas, and concepts?
Answer: Yes
Observation: Increase of design activity after acceptance of word graph
Results(3)
Which word graphs are accepted by architects and why?
•New words (49%)•Graph structure (20%)•Relationship between new and existing words (28%)
Results(4)
Is fixation reduced?
Answer: Not significantly
Observation: Dependent on abstraction level assignment
Results(5)
Is the design process positively influenced?
Answer: Yes
Observation: Correlation with attitude towards words
Outlook
• Personalized Design Ontology
• Design Indexing by Annotation
• Marks for Episodic Associations
Acknowledgements
Nicole Segers
Computational Representations of Words and Associations in
Architectural Design
www.ddss.arch.tue.nl
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