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Aim: To overview the
influence of differenttheories on learning To outline the theory of behaviourism
and humanism
To explain the influence ofbehaviourism and humanism onclassroom application
To compare the influence ofbehaviourism and humanism in theclassroom
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Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)Stage 1:
Food Salivation
Stage 2 (learning): Bell + Food Salivation
Stage 3:
Bell Salivation
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John Watson (1920)
Little AlbertLittle Albert
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Conditioning Little Albert
Stage 1:
Loud noise
FearStage 2 (learning):
Rabbit + Noise Fear
Stage 3: Rabbit Fear
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Classical Conditioning in
the classroom1. A supportive environment acts as a
stimulus for study
2. The association of a subject with aparticularly facilitative teacher
3. Habitual expectations about classroomdiscipline or assessment
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Thorndikes Law of Effect
(1874-1949)1. Repetition or practice will
strengthen the stimulus-response
bonds.2. If pleasure or satisfaction is
associated with a particularsituation it will lead to repetition.
3. Response that occurs just before asatisfying event tends to be learnt.
4. Rewards are more effective thanpunishments.
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Tic, Tac, Toe
Give me a high, Give me a low
Give me a 3 in a row
Polly got shot by a UFO
Dot, dot, line, line
Spider crawling up your spine,
Tight squeeze, cool breeze
Can you feel the shiveries?
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The Behavioural Approach
Based on stimulus response theory
Controlled by the teacher External reinforcement used to
motivate
Prompting techniques are used
Teacher centred and structured
Objectives are clear and measurable
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HumanisticEducation
developedasa reactionagainstbehaviourism
behaviourism wasseenasreducingthe conceptof the humanbeing.
The personwasseenasbeing worthyof dignity andteachersneededtodevelop qualitiesof worth andself-esteem. (Maslow andRogers)
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Humanistic approach
Learning is individual
The teacher enables the student to learn
from their own insights, experiences,evaluations and reflections
The teacher does not tell the studentsanything they just ask the right questions
Enables students to develop critical thinkingand creativity
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Summerhill - 1960
An open private school in Southern Englandfounded in 1921 by A. S Neill Scottish
writer and rebel. He created a community in which children
could be free from adult authority thefunctionofachildistolive hisownlife- notthe life thathisanxiousparentsthinkhe shouldlive, noralifeaccordingtothe purpose oftheeducatorwhothinkshe knowsbest
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Imagine a school....
Where we have freedom to be ourselves Where success is not defined by academic
achievement, but by the childs owndefinition of success Where the whole school deals
democratically with issues Where you can play all day if you want to And there is time and space to sit and
dream Summerhillschool.co.uk
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F
ind a partner to workwith someone whoworks in the same domain
of learning as you do.
Decide which statements
reflect which of the twolearning theories.
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