Witness
PresenceResponse
Faith Community Roles: Putting our Capabilities and Roles in Theological ContextTowards a Catholic Understanding
Jim McManus,CPsychol, MFPH, MEPS
Asst Director Public Health
Barking & Dagenham PCT
Summary
InterpretationStarting Points for Agencies –
Community and their Care NeedsStaring Point for Christians –
Community and Social Mission in Theological Context
Not going to focus on The problem of Evil, that’s for another day
Starting Point 1: An Attempt
Interpretation/HermeneusisHistorical engagement of christianity
with social servicesPublic Theology – The ChurchExpediency and Capability - EPOs
Starting Point 2: A Process
Msgr Joseph Dore, Archbishop of Strasbourg
La Responsibilite des Theologiens (Paris, Desclee, 2002)
Go Ad Fontes Serve the Debate: Church and World Articulate the Dimensions Scientific and Confessional Theology as a Practical Tactic
Civil Contingencies Act 2004 Risk Assessment - Conduct risk assessment, in conjunction with others, to assess
the range of emergences faced and the risk of those emergencies making it necessary for the organisation to respond on the basis of its existing functions.
Planning Arrangements - In light of the risk assessment, draw up and maintain plans: To prevent the emergency occurring /Reduce, control and mitigate its effects /To refine plans
in the light of ongoing risk assessment /For responding to and recovering from an emergency /To publish risk assessments and plans /To include the provision for exercise and training of staff
Business Continuity PlanningPlans must be in place to enable the organisation to deliver those functions which may be required in an emergency.
Warning and InformingMaintain arrangements for warning and informing the public if an emergency is likely to occur or has occurred and for providing them with advice.
Sharing InformationProvide information to partner organisations so that they can complete risk assessments and plans.
Co-operationCat 1 and 2 responders to co-operate with each other both within and beyond the context of multi agency groups.
Promotion of Business Continuity Management (Local Authorities only)Provide advice and assistance to the public in relation to the continuance of commercial activity in the event of an emergency.
Slide courtesy of the Emergency Planning College andHealth Protection Agency
Responder Categories
Category 1 Local Authorities
PoliceFire & Rescue ServiceAmbulance ServicesNational Health Service Trustsincluding PCTsThe Environment Agency
Category 2 Railway Operators
Airport OperatorsHarbour AuthoritiesHighways AuthorityHealth & Safety ExecutiveUtilitiesElectric GasWaterPhone (Voice & Data)
The NHS Emergency Planning Guidance 2005, prerogatesStrategic Health Authorities with a range of functions
CCA Duties – Business Continuity
“Category 1 responders to maintain plans to ensure that they can continue to perform their functions in the event of an emergency..… to be able to maintain their own crisis response capabilities and to continue to deliver critical aspects of their day-to-day functions.”
Schematic Framework CCA
Faiths get their house in order
Faiths can Assist CCA Responders
CCA is not the whole story….. Control of Major Accident Hazards
Regulations 1999 (COMAH) Nuclear - Nuclear Emergency
Planning Liaison Group (NEPLG) Consolidated Guidance
Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations (REPPIR) 2001
NHS Emergency Planning Guidance 2005
Exotic Animal Disease Generic Contingency Plan
Food and Environment Protection Act 1985
Food Safety Act 1990 Railway Regulation Act 1840; Official Secrets Act 1911; Civil Aviation Act 1982; Serious Organised Crime and
Police Act 2005
Water: Security and Emergency Measures Direction 1998
Fuel: Energy Act 1976, Energy Act 2004 and the
Downstream Oil Emergency Response Plan
Power: Electricity Supply Emergency Code and the
Gas Supply Emergency Arrangements, Gas Act 1986 and the Electricity Act 1989
ransport: Railways Act 1993, Airports Act 1986
Communications: BBC Agreement, 1996
Communications Act 2003, Telecommunications Act 1984,
NHTCU, Central Sponsor for Information Assurance and Resilience
Civil Contingencies Act 2004 schedule 2 Obstruction:
Emergency Workers (Obstruction) Act 2006
The NHS is different…again!
NHS Defines a major incident differently from the CCA, as required under the 2005 Guidance
This may mean NHS triggers a major incident when others do not – therefore Chaplains and Clergy may find themselves having to deal with this
Example – Heatwave Major Incidents at two levels for some NHS agencies – one level where NHS itself may declare, another level where an MI must be declared
The Cycle of Emergency Planning
Faith Communities can help assess risks to their communities and population as a whole.
Discuss plans for fatalities at this stage. Decide if they need their own Plan or a section within the main plan.
Use the table of capabilities to help set objectives for what Faith Communities can do. Conduct a scoping exercise with them where they review their own capabilities with someone to facilitate
Ensure faith communities buy into the plan and their roles. Ensure Faith Forum or LSP sign off
Detail faith community roles and responsibilities, methods of engagement and call out. Develop Faith community plan. Do they need their own co-ordinator (some areas have this as an unpaid role. Others make a contribution to costs.)
Ensure training is provided to the Faith Communities and that they cascade training down. Provide specific training on their roles and engage them in exercises
Get Faith Communities to disseminate the plan and their own plan if they have one. Ensure statutory agencies are clear on Faith Communities’ roles
Faith Forum participate in exercises appropriately, but also conduct their own exercises with their own co-ordinator
Ensure regular review by Faith Communities and by Emergency Planning Group/LRF as appropriate. Ensure contacts are up to date.
Proposition 1: Christian Churches in the UK have historically been
present in most major disasters and long term crises/challenges Employment and poverty, Wars, The 1918 pandemic
There has been no single faith monopoly despite the interests of some denominations to claim so
Nor is there any basis in law for the priority of any denomination – the ethos is of service not locus
There is a clear role for faith communities The job is bigger than any single faith group can deliver Catholics and Jews punched above their weight The Church has significant history of Ministry in
Disasters and Crises (Plague, War,Famine)
Frank Prochaska (2006) Christianity and Social Service in Modern Britain. Oxford University Press
Back to Starting Point
Historical engagement of christianity with social servicesBrings new challenges Interpretation/Hermeneusis of the
legislation to the Church Interpretation of the Church to EPOs
Proposition 2:
There is a preliminary to the Act of InterpretationWe need to have a clear self-
understanding as a Church of what we want to Interpret
That self understanding is primarily theological or it is inadequate
Capability and functions follow our understanding of mission (Gaudium et Spes)
Proposition 3:
Non Catholic Christians may be puzzled with extensive use of Magisterial documents rather than Scripture
But starting with the Magisterium is starting with a Scriptural perspective, because the teachings of the Church are steeped in Scripture
From there we can see how other theologies have understood this
Where to start theologically?
1. Start from the the Human Condition (Theological Anthropology)
2. Then work on how this sits with the Church’s Understanding of Itself (Ecclesiology)
3. Move outwards to Social Mission and Doctrine (Social Theology)
4. Creating and Sustaining Capability Pastoral, Sacramental, Social, Moral Theology
5. Doctrine of God Implicit and Central Throughout6. This perspective is both Christological and
Pneumatological even if my Doctrine of the Godhead needs developing
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Self UnderstandingEkklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Immanent Trinity
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Ecclesiology,
AnthropologySelf Understanding
Ekklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Immanent Trinity
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
Humanity Human being both corporeal and spiritual (CCC,362) Trinitarian Love : the origin and goal of the human person
(Compendium, 34ff) [Social Nature of this] Inalienable Dignity (CCC,357) Social Nature (Compendium, 37) Duties of Justice arise from social nature (Compendium, 61,
77,92) Human need must be addressed (Solicitudo Rei Socialis
34, Populorum Progressio 48) for Genuine Peace (Pacem in Terris 9, 11) The Common Good (Gaudium et Spes,26) Human Ecology (a social dimension) (Centesimus Annus, 38) The State and Church as both important in the Common Good
and the social body (Compendium, 424ff) Fragility and Vulnerability (Dolentium Hominum)
The duties arising from the Commandment to Loveour Neighbour
Gaudium et Spes If
the common good is.. the sum total of social conditions which allow people
either as groups or individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily. Every social group must take account of the needs and legitimate aspirations of other groups, and even of the general welfare of the entire human family (Gaudium et Spes, 26)
Then Emergency Planning and Emergency Response is a
clear constituent of what makes up the Common Good And
the Church has an interest per se, because it touches on the personalist principle at the centre of its social teaching
Gaudium et Spes If
the common good is.. the sum total of social conditions which allow people
either as groups or individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily. Every social group must take account of the needs and legitimate aspirations of other groups, and even of the general welfare of the entire human family (Gaudium et Spes, 26)
Then Emergency Planning and Emergency Response is a
clear constituent of what makes up the Common Good And
the Church has an interest per se, because it touches on the personalist principle at the centre of its social teaching
And all this sits well beside the position of Law and Guidance on how public authorities should co-operate with communities
•Office of 3rd Sector•Local Govt Acts 1999,2000,2002, •Local Govt and Involvement in Health Bill•Sustainable Communities •Civil Contingencies Act 2004
THE COMMON GOOD AS DEFINED BY GAUDIUM ET SPES BECOMES A CLEAR MANIFESTO FOR THE CHURCH TO RESPOND TO ITS RESPONSIBILITIES
Ecclesiology picks up on Anthropology
One complex reality which comes together from both a human and a divine element (LG, 8) (mirrors anthropology in CCC 362)
The Church, Mystery of our union with God (CCC,772) Christ the source of Mission/Ministry in the Church
(CCC,874) Christ gave it mission, orientation and goal
The Church stands with every man and woman of every place and time (Compendium, 60) Solidarity (Solicitudo Rei Socialis, 38) The Church is a sign and instrument of communion with God
and unity among humans – (LG,1) Church’s charitable activity as a manifestation of Trinitarian
Love (Deus Caritas Est 19ff) A minister to human vulnerability and a witness to human
wholeness (Fragilita e Salute, Benedict XVI Nov 2006)
The church in love of God and love of Neighbour has aParticular calling to witness and action in the social realm
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Ecclesiology,
AnthropologySelf Understanding
Ekklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Immanent Trinity
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
Call to WitnessKerygma
Economic Trinity
Doctrine of Salvation
KEY POINT: Our motive in witnessing is love and the wellbeing of the person, arising from our understanding of who we
as humans and who we as Church are
Our Call to Witness is essentially linked to Trinitarian Love, and to the origin and goal of humankind
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Call to WitnessKerygma
Ecclesiology,
AnthropologySelf Understanding
Ekklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Doctrine of Salvation
Immanent Trinity
Economic Trinity
Action Modes 2Building Capability within a framework
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: The Church Together
“Love faces a vast field of work and the Church is eager to make her contribution with her social doctrine, which concerns the whole person and is addressed to all people” Compendium, 5
All Christ’s faithful must be conscious of the responsibility To play their part (Canon 781)
The Bishop, uniting and moulding local church - “being ready for every good work” (2 Tim 2:21) as focus of unity in the local Church. Christus Dominus 11,16
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Collaboration with Legitimate Authorities
The Church and the political community can more effectively render this service “for the good of all if each works better for wholesome mutual co-operation in a way suitable to the circumstances of time and place” [GS,76]
Compendium,425…the spontaneity of individuals must be combined with planning, foresight and co-operation with other similar institutions”
Deus Caritas Est,31
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Formation
Concern throughout Magisterial Documents that people are not given to apostolates for which they are neither formed nor suited
There is a duty for them to seek formation, and for Church to provide it Lay People – Canon 231~1. Apostolicam Actuositatem
– 2,28,29 Priests – Presbyterium Ordinis 19 (Formation and study
for pastoral activity. Duty of Bishop to provide it) (today!) Bishops – Christus Dominus
Co-operation with clergy and religious 28ffCo-operation with each other
Religious – Religious and Human Advancement 5ff, (role) 32ff (formation)
Collaboration between the various strands ofChrist’s faithful are written throughout the documents ofVatican II, post conciliar documents and the CIC
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Distinctive Qualities of Formation
“We are dealing with human beings, and human beings always need something more than technically proper care. They need humanity...
Consequently, in addition go their necessary professional training, these Ccharity workers need a formation of the heart ….as a result, love of neighbour [will be] a consequence deriving from their faith, a faith which becomes active through love [Gal 5:6] ” (Deus Caritas Est, 31)
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: The Proper Role of Expertise
In accord with the knowledge, competence and pre-eminence which they possess, lay people have the right and even at times a duty to manifest to the sacred pastors their opinion on matters which pertain to the good of the Church, and they have a right to make their opinion known to the other Christian faithful….with consideration for the common good and the dignity of persons
Codex Iuris Canonici, 212 #3
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Respect for Religious Freedom
Respect for religious freedom of others “The dignity of the person and the very nature of
the quest for God require that all should be free from every constraint in the area of religion” (Dignitatis Humanae,2)
“…a religious community might be given a special recognition on the part of the State.Such recognition must in no way create discrimination within the civil or social order for other religious groups” (DH,6)
Christian or non-Christian collaboration with State in Emergency Planning does not mean pre-eminence and must not allow that faith body to interfere with the religious freedom of anyone else
Benedict XVI on Proselytism
Charity, furthermore, cannot be used as a means of engaging in what is nowadays considered proselytism. Love is free: it is not practised as a way of achieving other ends. (Deus Caritas Est 31)
He relates this to the Directory for Pastoral Ministry of Bishops, 2004
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Distinctive Qualities
Eucharistic Community (Sacramentum Caritatis,84 – 90)
The Eucharist drives our understanding
And drives our way out into mission
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Call to WitnessKerygma
Ecclesiology,
Anthropology
Eucharistic Comm
unity,
Formation
Presence, ResponseKenosis,
Self UnderstandingEkklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Doctrine of Salvation
Immanent Trinity
Economic Trinity
Action Modes 2Building Capability
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Call to WitnessKerygma
Ecclesiology,
Anthropology
Eucharistic Comm
unity,
Formation
Involvement in EP must be understood theologically for the Church, for Integrity, and for Public Safety (so we don’t do this for the WRONG reasons.)
(Analagous to Child Protection – must be understood and lived theologically)
Presence, ResponseKenosis,
Self UnderstandingEkklesia
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Doctrine of Salvation
Immanent Trinity
Economic Trinity
Action Modes 2Building Capability
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
The Cycle of a Theology of Major Incidents
Call to WitnessKerygma
Ecclesiology,
Anthropology
Eucharistic Comm
unity,
Formation
Involvement in EP must be understood theologically for the Church, for Integrity, and for Public Safety (so we don’t do this for the WRONG reasons.)
(Analagous to Child Protection – must be understood and lived theologically)
Presence, ResponseKenosis,
Self UnderstandingEkklesia
San
ctifi
catio
n:
Sac
ram
ents
Pas
tora
l Car
e
Doctrine of GodDoctrine of Holy
Spirit
Doctrine of Salvation
Immanent Trinity
Economic Trinity
Action Modes 2Building Capability
Action Modes 3Inclusion, Community,
Ongoing Care and Self Care
Action Mode 1 Catechesis
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Grounded in Life of Prayer
Proper Foundation needed for doing this Sits well with psychology on Christian Ministry “It is time to reaffirm the importance of prayer in
the face of activism and the growing secularism of many Christians engaged in Charitable work.Clearly, the Christian who prays does not claim to be able to change God’s plans or correct what he has foreseen. Rather, he seeks an encounter with the Father of Jesus Christ, asking God to be present with the consolation of the Spirit to him and his work.” (DCE,37)
Here Benedict puts both Charity and the evils weConfront in Trinitarian context
Ministry and Collaboration within a Framework: Back to Sanctification and Pastoral Care
Fragilita E SaluteCelebration of the SacramentsHearing the WordThe Testimony of Charity
Pastoral CareMeeting Needs physical, emotional,spiritualOngoing SupportContext of Hope
Some recent theological trends: the church as strong community
1. Vogt (Theological Studies,2007) Solidarity and Hospitality in the Church’s social mission
2. Merkle (From the Heart of the Church) Church unable to carry out its mission without first becoming a strong community
3. Interplay of Equality, Respect, Dignity4. Ide – distinctiveness of agape in DCE (nouvelle revue
theologique, 2006)5. Borras – Un Caractere diaconal? (nouvelle revue
theologique, 2007)6. Die Bedeutung der Pastoralkonstitution Gaudium et
Spes fur die Pastoral heute (Bulletin ET, 2005)
Question: does this mean that the interplay of 1 and the practice of 3 are in some way constitutive of the Church’s role in Response to an MI
Some recent theological trends: Social Doctrine in recent Spanish Theology
Ildefonso Camacho 1991 – doctrina social de la Iglesia A Historical Approach A constant focus on human need Vatican II – new focus on modern human life Church should be present in all need
Eugenio Alburquerque (2006) Moral social cristiana Discipleship of Liberation and Justice Charity, Justice, Truth, Peace, Personhood
Francisco Alarcos (2005) Bioetica global, Justicia y Teologia Moral Globalisation brings risk and challenges Re-emphasis of the Church’s teaching and presence in the
midst of globalisation is vital Solidarity Inter and multi-cultural challenges
Some recent theological trends: the Church in public Life
The rise of Public Theology The re-affirmation of Theology’s role in a world of
Social Sciences and Specialiisation (Theological Studies 2005, Concilium 2006/2)
Doing God – A Future for Faith in the Public Square (Theos)
Duncan Forrester – Christian Justice and Public Policy (1999)
Rowan Williams in Brierley (2006) Public Life and the Place of the Church (reflections to honour the Bishop of Oxford)
Some recent theological trends: Summary
A move towards seeing global, not just local issues
A move towards re-asserting links social and individual responsibilities and duties, not just rights
A move to re-assert the Church has a duty and a right to engage in the public square
Some key foundations: virtues as common language
In a world challenged by terrorism and changing climate, these virtues are a language for faiths and civil authorities to collaborate
Taking this forward: Proposition 4
The Church as Strong Community needs some clear structures to enact its role in EP It also needs clear formation, regulation and
systems which work These things are the living out of Charity
as called for in Deus Caritas Est and discussed in recent theology
They sit well with the cycle of emergency planning: Plan, Train, Exercise, Collaborate
Conclusion
We have examined the theological rationale for getting engaged
There is a natural fit, from first principles, between a distinctive Catholic understanding of Social Justice and the Common Good, and Emergency Planning
Witness, Presence and Response: Over to you!
Contact Details
Jim McManusAssistant Director Health ImprovementBarking & Dagenham PCTClock HouseEast StreetBarking IG11 [email protected] Tel 0208 532 6359Fax 0208 532 6354
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