Wireless Control That Simply WorksWireless Control That Simply Works
Copyright © 2007 ZigBeeTM Alliance. All Rights Reserved.
Wireless Control That Simply Works
Wireless Sensors and Control Networks: Enabling New Opportunities
Bob HeileChairman, ZigBee Alliance
April 3, 2007
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From Popular Science Magazine
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The IEEE 802 Wireless Space
Data Rate (Mbps)
Ran
ge
ZigBee802.15.4 802.15.3
802.15.3cWPAN
WLAN
WMAN
WWAN
WiFi802.11
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Bluetooth802.15.1
IEEE 802.22
WiMaxIEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.20
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• Networks that can form by themselves, scale to large sizes and operate very reliably for years without any operator intervention
• Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs) and very low complexity and small size
• Device data rate and QoS needs are low
• Standardized protocols are necessary to allow multiple vendors to interoperate
Sensor/Control Network Requirements
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ZigBee Alliance Overview-
• Organized as an independent, neutral, nonprofit corporation in 2002
• Open and global• Anyone can join and participate• Membership is from all over the world
• Activity includes • Specification creation• Certification and compliance programs • Branding, market development, and user education
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The ZigBee Alliance --• Is a growing community of companies
• ~220 members vs. 35 Dec. ’02 (7+X Growth)• Includes Chip Makers, Software Developers and End
Product Manufacturers– as well as Service Providers
• Has made its specification publicly available• ZigBee is open to all• 42,000+ downloads to date
• Has announced its 34th compliant platform• ZigBee is all about multi-source with no dominating
elements or companies• Watch for news at www.zigbee.org
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ZigBee Promoter Companies
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TELECOM SERVICES
m-commerceinfo servicesobject interaction (Internet of Things)
ZigBee Applications
ZigBeeWireless Control that
Simply Works
HOME CONTROL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
TVVCRDVD/CDremote
securityHVAClighting controlaccess controlirrigation
PC & PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
asset mgtprocess control
environmentalenergy mgt
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
BUILDING AUTOMATION
securityHVACAMR
lighting controlaccess control
mousekeyboardjoystick
patient monitoring
fitness monitoring
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• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• 27 channels over 2 bands
• 250Kbps data rate
• Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management
• Full Mesh Networking Support
Network coordinator
ZigBee RouterZigBee End Device
Communications flowVirtual links
Basic Network Characteristics
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Compliant Platform [ZCP]
• Platform certification - ensures all parts of the stack other than the application are compliant with the ZigBee Standard
• Allows Network interoperability but does not imply interoperability at the application layer
• There are currently 34 Compliant Platforms to choose from
Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)
ApplicationApplication ZDO
NWKNWK
App Support (APS)App Support (APS)SSPSSP
ZigBee Compliant Platform
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Application Profiles
• Application profiles define what messages are sent over the air for a given application
• Devices with the same application profiles interoperate end to end• ZigBee publishes a set of public profiles, but vendors may create manufacturer
specific ones as well
Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)
ApplicationApplication ZDO
NWKNWK
App Support (APS)App Support (APS)SSPSSP
Clusters
0: off1: on2: scene 13: scene 2
Clusters
0: fan off1: fan on2: temp set3: time set
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Manufacturer Specific Profiles
• Allows a vendor to build specialized products with a ZigBee Compliant Platform• Certification testing ensures their product does not harm other ZigBee networks• Manufacturer specific applications are not intended to interoperate at the
application layer• Allows product vendor to use ZigBee language and logos on their product
Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)
ApplicationApplication ZDO
NWKNWK
App Support (APS)App Support (APS)SSPSSPCertification testing
ensures application does not interfere with other ZigBee networks
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ZigBee Public Profiles
• Guarantees interoperability between products all running the same public application profile
• Product vendors may add additional features to the public profiles• Allows product vendor to use ZigBee language and logos on their product
Physical Radio (PHY)Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)Medium Access (MAC)
ApplicationApplication ZDO
NWKNWK
App Support (APS)App Support (APS)SSPSSPEnsures application
conforms to a specific public application profile
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Interoperability Summary
• Devices built on ZigBee interoperate on different levels• Wide spectrum of interoperability choices• It’s a designer choice on level of vendor interoperability to support
Interopcapablestarting point Network interop
Public applicationinterop
Manufacturer Specificapplication interop
ZigBee CompliantPlatform [ZCP]
ZigBee Manufacturer SpecificApplication Profiles
ZigBee PublicApplication Profiles
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Some Application Profiles
• Home Automation [HA]– Defines set of devices used in home
automation• Light switches• Thermostats• Window shade• Heating unit• etc
• Industrial Plant Monitoring [IPM]– Consists of device definitions for
sensors used in industrial control• Temperature• Pressure sensors• Infrared• etc
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More Application Profiles
• Multiple profiles are in development– Commercial Building Automation
• Building control, management, and monitoring
– Advance Metering Initiative• Addresses utility meter reading/load control/demand response
– Telecom Services-Mcommerce
• Vendors may form new profile groups within ZigBee and/or propose manufacturer specific profiles for consideration
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ZigBee – Highly Reliable
• Mesh networking protocol provides redundant paths• Automatic retries and acknowledgements• Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children• High intrinsic interference tolerance
– Multiple channels– Support for Frequency agility– Robust modulation
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ZigBee – Highly Secure
• Utilizes AES 128-bit encryption• Concept of a “trust center”• Link and network keys• Authentication and encryption• Security can be customized for the
application• Keys can be “hard-wired” into application
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Application Examples
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Home Awareness
Home Heartbeat
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Home Entertainment & Control
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In-Home Patient Monitoring
• Patients receive better care at reduced cost with more freedom and comfort---– Patients can remain in their own home
• Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet• Doctors can adjust medication levels
– Allows monitoring of elderly family member• Sense movement or usage patterns in a home• Turns lights on when they get out of bed• Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur• Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems
– Can also be used in hospital care• Patients are allowed greater movement• Reduced staff to patient ratio
graphic
graphic
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Commercial Lighting Control
• Wireless lighting control– Quantifiable Energy savings – Light switches/sensors anywhere– Customizable lighting schemes– Dimmable intelligent ballasts– Opportunities in residential, light
commercial and commercial
• Extendable networks– Lighting network can be integrated
with and/or be used by other building control solutions
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Reduced cost and complexity of system installation
Simplicity of Commissioning
Wireless Lighting Control-key value drivers
Simplify Lighting Control System design in both new construction and retrofit applications
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Easy and intuitive to use facilitating improved worker productivity
Operating cost and complexity reductions
Improved energy management and control
Wireless Lighting Control-key value drivers
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HVAC Energy Management
• Hotel energy management– Centralized HVAC
management allow hotel operator to make sure empty rooms are not cooled
– Easy to Retrofit– Battery operated
thermostats, occupancy detectors, humidistats can be placed for convenience
– Personalized room settings at check-in
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AMR network example
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• Rapid method to help manage global electric generation shortage and meet existing and pending legislation for energy control
• Can network with other ZigBee devices in the home for load control – e.g. Heating/AC, Security, Lighting, White Goods
• Worldwide Standard ZigBee allows communications between various meter types from different manufacturers.
Advanced Metering Platform with ZigBee
WaterMeter
GasMeter
AC
AMRONClient 1
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ZigBee® In-premise Networks Interface Consumer’s Devices
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ZigBee Enables the “Smart Grid”
Sources: Itron website [http://www.itron.com/pages/openway.asp/];
DCSI presentation
ZigBee empowers in-home communication for:
• customer communication
• data presentation
• load control
• demand response
ZigBee enables utilities to meet their business needs, to support the ongoing development of the “smart grid” and to empower customers
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SCE’s Vision for Advanced Metering SCE envisions a potential advanced metering system as one that could bring customer usage and meter data into the digital “central nervous system” of its power operations. An advanced metering system could be the information backbone for technologies that measure usage and power quality, and enable dynamic pricing and demand response. The advanced system may enable customer-premise information and automation.
The scope of SCE’s metering solution is to replace approximately 5 million electric meters for SCE’s residential, commercial and industrial customers (below 200kW in demand)…While SCE is an electric utility, we anticipate that the preferred solution would provide a communications network that could be leveraged by gas and water utilities in our service territory. Source: SCE website
[http://www.sce.com/PowerandEnvironment/ami/vision/]
SCE’s AMI Program was recognized as the 2005/2006 Best AMR Initiative in a North American Investor-Owned Utility in August 2006 by the Utility Planning Network.
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Beyond the Home from a Telecom perspective
Service
CenterDistribution Network
Digital Smart CityAccess ControlParking payment systemInfomobility services (e.g. traffic
control)Environmental Monitoring Localization
M-Commerce Services m-payments (bar, shops,
supermarkets)m-ticketing (cinema, train, bus)
Home Automation&Control
Lights, HVAC, Domestic appliances
Entertainment (e.g. DTT)Healthcare, Tele-assistanceMonitoring & Security (e.g.
temperature, gas)
Mobile Terminal
ZZ--SIM is theSIM is the hub of the interaction between user and objectshub of the interaction between user and objects
ZigBeeSmart Home
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Mobile Handset as ZigBee Gateway
• Use mobile handset as a gateway to collect and display information
• In a mobile phone a ZigBee enabled SIM, the personal token, can play the Gateway role
Service CenterNETWORK
OPERATORINFRASTRUCTURE
1.Confirmationfor buying
“Il fuggiasco”.Push Ok.ZigBee Network
The Telecom operator does more than transport data:Trust-Center: security, user authentication, reliability Service Provider of new value-added servicesService management, configuration and
personalization
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Use Case (1) : DTT STB
CustomersDatabase& Billing
Pay-TV
DB
Encrypte d Signal
DTT with ZigBee node
STEP 1:
The event (e.g. a film) is selected
SIM Card ZigBee Node
STEP 2: Data Exchange via ZigBee
The decoder sends the code event to the Z-SIM, asking to buy the selected
event
STEP 3:Transaction with SMSThe mobile phone with SIMTOOLKIT application initiates the transaction
Step 4: Unblock decoderThe Pay TV provider unblocks the user smart-card and releases the event
1.Confirmationfor buying
“Il fuggiasco”.Push Ok.
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Use Case (2): Cinema Example
DB
Do youconfirm the purchase of
“La fabbrica dicioccolato”?
STEP 2:
User having Z-SIM is recognized by the environment and is invited to
buy a cinema ticket
GPRS/UMTS
Encrypted SMS
Step 3:
The users with SIMTOOLKIT application buy the content. The operator manages the bill
transaction and downloads the token to the SIM for enabling the access to the cinema
STEP 1:
Environment with ZigBee node
Cinema
Step 4:
The token is received and sent to the printer
via ZigBee
The ticket is automatically printed
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ZigBee Enables Enhanced Value
Safety
Security
Location
Maintenance
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Why ZigBee and 802.15.4 ?• Vibrant industry support with thirty or more vendors
supplying products and services • Open Standards protocol with no or negligible licensing fees• Chipsets available from multiple sources• Remotely upgradeable firmware • No new wires• Low power (ability to operate on batteries measured in years) • Reliable• Low maintenance (meshing, self organizing)• Ability to scale to hundreds (thousands) of devices• Standards based security [AES128]• Ability to read gas meters
Source: SCE website
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“Just as the personal computer was a symbol ofthe '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the WorldWide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to bethe advent of cheap sensors.”
-Paul Saffo Institute for the Future
Closing Thought
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More Information
ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://www.ZigBee.org
Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman, [email protected]
Be a part of the future-Join the ZigBee AllianceVisit the ZigBee Pavilian
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