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SPACESCAPE
WHY CARS AND CITIES DON’T MATCH
Alexander Ståhle, CEO & PhD
ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN SPACESCAPE
www.spacescape.se
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Why cities?
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Vad gör en attraktiv plats?
Fungerar planen som det var tänkt?
Vad skapar närhet och flöden?
SOFO
Cities create proximity
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Proximity creates interaction
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Interaction creates livability
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Livalibility creates value
Stockholm appartment prices 2011
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Value is 90% walkability in Stockholm
Appartment prices in Stockholm region Urban qualities
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“Walkability command a premium of $4-34,000” CEO for Cities (2009)
”Walkable urban” ”Drivable suburban”
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SHOPS
DENSITY DENSITY
SHOPS
STOCKHOLM GÖTEBORG ÖREBRO
RESTAURANTS
DENSITY
Density increases walkability
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Density decreases car use
Density
Trav
el
Dunphy RT and Fisher K (1996)
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“An advanced city is where even the rich
use public transportation” Enrique Peñalosa, ITDP
Density allows for public transport
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Car accessiblity do not affect
appartment prices or office rents in Stockholm
Public transport accessibility
Off
ice
valu
e
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Failing office areas
Infra City, Upplands Väsby
SPACESCAPE Inside Infra City, Upplands Väsby
Inside failing office areas
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Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
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Photoshop Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
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Why cars and cities don’t match…
1. People in cars do not interact
2. Car traffic segregates people
3. Cars destroys urban livability
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People in cars are less social
New study on “road rage” (Gatersleben, Murtagh, White 2013):
•Car use has negative effects on urban communities by affecting social perceptions.
•More car use through a relatively poor area is associated with less positive views of that area.
•More walking through a relatively poor area is related to more positive views of the area.
•Attitudes towards young people are more negative when they are seen from a car.
•Attitudes towards young people are most positive when seen from a pedestrian perspective.
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Problem 1: Sprawl means more people in cars
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Problem 2: Car traffic decreases social interaction
Livable streets, Donald Appleyard (1981)
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Problem 3: Space with cars destroys urban life
Allmänna vägen, Göteborg 1910
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Ciclovia Bogota
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CicLAvia, Los Angeles
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Champs Elysées, Paris
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Regent street, London
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Summer Streets, , New York
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Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”
BEFORE AFTER
AFTER BEFORE
Broadway, New York
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Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”
East Boulevard, Charlotte
Bridgeport Way, University place
BEFORE AFTER
AFTER BEFORE
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New street design guidelines for rightsizing
New York Chicago
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Urban highway removal
Park East Freeway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Urban highway removal
Park East Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Urban highway removal
Octavia Boulevard, San Fransisco
Cheonggye Expressway , Seoul,
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Urban highway removal
Big dig, Boston
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Urban highway removal
Söderleden, Stockholm
SPACESCAPE Nynäsvägen, Stockholm
Urban highway removal
Globen
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Söderstaden, Stockholm
Urban highway removal
Globen
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Highways and urban design don´t mix
Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg
Rinkeby
Ursvik
SPACESCAPE Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg
Highways and urban design don´t mix
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Rinkeby
Ursvik
Space syntax shows pedestrian proximity
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Car highway city
People network city
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“If you can make it there…”
SPACESCAPE
ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN SPACESCAPE
Alexander Ståhle CEO & PhD
[email protected] www.spacescape.se
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