-
#1 Priority In Wheat Managementis to be able to identify Growth Stages:
• Know Feekes' ScC)'e 1 through 11:
./ TiUering: ······.···...H ..... H.H 1~5
./ Stem Elongation: .H •••••• 6~10
./ Head Development: 10.1~10.5
./ Ripening: 11
• Growth Stages-nQ_t calendar date,determine optimum response.
Wheat-1
1_._.-_I·s:~~e~-
Stage10.5
tlowerinqStage
11"Profit Front Our
Experience"
Stage1
oneshoot
StageStage 3
2 tillerstillering formed, begins
Stage4
leafsheathslengthen
Stage5
leafsheathsstronglyerected
Stage6
firstnode
ofstem
visible
Stage7
secondnode
visible
Stage8
lastleafjust
visible
Stflge9
ligule oflast leaf
[ustvisibleI
FeeKe5scale
20-29 30 31 32 37 39 45 50 58 15-.,..100Wheat~2
Crop Production Services, Inc.• Allentown, NJ • 609-259~7204
Growth of Wheat (Gains in Dry Weight):
IItI
o Leaves [d 'Ch ff....... a....... IIGrain~ Stem Heads
12.0 = .._.." _. ,," __ .__._"_,.""".n,,.,,_." --" •.• " __ ."'_.'_ ,>""" __ .,_" •• - •• ' ,.
100 .. . , . . -- . -, . - .." - -
80 - , -". "",'.. ,. -... .. . . ._-
60.. tr~l .~
., " """ ..•...•...•. '- " .40 ,.". ""~«"«"«I ,t'):±),)y\I, " =, ",'" 11,
20 I
O I I I I I zL I I I 'I I I I I au ad.i i i - ,- -.- iF i
GrO'LOth.stage Tillering Begins
I
FeeKes 2scale
'----"r-- I ··----1--- ---1'-"'"''600t Flowering
Flag Leaf Visible Heading Do~gh
6 8 10 10.1 10.5 11.1.".11.2 11.4
Ripe
Dry matter production estimated by parts of the wheat plant and growth stages. Actual dry matter production by plant part and growth stage can vary with the variety,season, and geographic area. (Data for hard red winter wheat in Nebraska from R. P. Waldren and A. D. Flowerday, 1979, Growth stag~s and distriQiJtion of dry I1Uttler,N, P, and K in winter wheat. -Agronomy Journal 71: 391~397) . Wheat-3
Crop Production Services, Inc. '. Allentown, NJ • 609-259--7204
• 400/0 of N used between growth stages 4 & 6.
• Last time to apply N is at growth stage 5.
• Application Timing:./ Up Front or Split./ 60 Ibs. N up front, only: H......................................................................... 89 bu.
. / ./ 60 Ibs. N up front +. 50 Ibs, with fungicide application: ······102bu../ 60 Ibs. N up front +- 50 lbs., no fungicide: 84 bu.
• If only one pass being made, then do it at growth stage 5.
• If dry weather, then dilute 50/50 with water to prevent burn with HARMONY®.
• Shoot for 40 Ibs. N in fall to stimulate tiller foundation.
• ole wheat should receive one N credit for each bushel of beans.
• No-till wheat behind corn-Use a tye or G.P. drill to help betterreduce residue-aids in lowering disease pressure.
Wheat-4
• Wheat will respond to allPUcation of N, fungicid,e, and insecticide, but farmermust determine M.E..Y. ..
.t Disease ResiS.tance
.t Rotation Methods
.t Type Of Drill
• Three tillers needed before winter, for 100 bu. yield.
• Later dormancy can yield up to 20 bushels more.
• Seeding Rate- 711 rows need 20 seeds per 21 II of row.
Wheat-5
if,'
~-~,,",--,"-'~'---"-'--1
tAO~_'_1! •.6.oL- t.aoo~···-----j-O·· .--. -'. I~:j"-"-"··-19-.I-·-----2-3-.0------2-6-.8-· -- +: 3(}.6------·--~4A--i
R I 12.2 15.3' 18.4 2"-4 24.5 27.~7 I 10.7 1'3.4 16.1 18.7 21.4 24.14 I 6.1 7.7 9.2 10;7 1:2,,2 13.7
~.. ..·l···--·...Seeds/Pounds,
--------------...;.,-----------_. __ _- _--
807673
706764
62
59
57
55
53
52
50
48
47
46
44
4i40
Pounda 0' Seeds per Acl'~lOa 1'2!) 140 160 180
95 H4 B3 1'52 17191 109 t27 145 164
87 [04 t22 139 157
83.
100 117 133 I Sf)
80 96 112 128 144
77 92 108 123 138 !74 89 1041 119 133
I71 86 1O(1} !14 t29
69 83 97 110 124 t
!67 80 93 107 120 i
103 ihI
65 77 90 116 I.I. , ,
63 75 88 100 113 I6. 73 85 97 109 I
I
59 7t 82 94 106!
57 69 80 91 103
55 67 78 89 100
53 63 74 84 95
50 60 70 80 90I! I_______ .... 1... . . _
10,000
10,50011,000
11,50012.000
12.500
13.000
13.500
14.000
14.500
15.000
15,500
16.000
16,500
17.000
17,500'
18,000
19,000
20,000-----------_._-----_. - .....
Recommended seeding rate 1.500,000 seeds per acre whenseeding during optimum dates for the urea. Add 5% for eachweek seecti·ng is delayed thereafter,
Hea·vy Sotl~lay and muck Increaseseeding rate 10% to 20%.
UJ,:!ht Seil~s<tndly and sandy lournsUse nomlal ral'cs.
Medium sons-sift roams and' day learnsIncrease seeding rates 5% to IQl',Ir,.
O/;~Terra'
10
Components Of Wheat Yields tillering (Feekes stage 3). In spring wheat, this oc-curs by the, time the main stem has five to six leaves.,
Wheat yields are a direct function of:
Six Keys to Profi:tabl'e and EnvironmentallySound Wheal' Produ,ctilon
':\
.:-.
Crop RotatilQn'l
i:Crop rotation has a significant effect-on wheat·!health and! yields lDy givi1'il91natural enemies;
1time to' cestroy wheat pathogens and, in-l'sectS. Croll>rotation improves plant and root
health, assists in weed control', and allows formore- efficient production.
Break tlte Green BridgeVolunteer wheat, barley, and grass weeds
f, aetas hosts to certain insects and diseasesthat attack wheat. Kill'ing these plants at least2-3weeks before planting will help promotewheat healtlnland! yleldtpotentlal.
)
Match "nputsts Or.MII Stagiel
Apply nutriests wMemNir9'JDll:u:JtcaA'usethem, most. efficien~IY'. AID/illyir'rgi tne nutrients; too
early, or too late ca!ll1lead! to waste- andpollution Pesrieide appucations-are also tied
, to growth· stage' ot wheat and10r pests.
Marich fnpu,lsfa Yield Goa.
AppFy only enough mjtrients to match yoursite-specifIc' yi'el<1goat. Applying more nutri-ents than needed tol reach the attainableyield reduces profits ahd can cause environ-mental contamination:
Promote Ro'O' Healt.t.The number of tillers and! size of heads tha~a wneat pram cars suIi'I:90r1varies' with theheaJth of the root system. A health)#,'rootsystem efficiently uses wafel1and' nutrients.Root health is favored by crop rotation and:adequate soil fertility and pH revels.
Properly conditioned, certified seed oftenhas higher yield potentia] because of greatervigor andreouced disease andweed infesta-tion. The use 0' certified seed can reducepesticide and Wrage needs.
"
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