What Shapes Human What Shapes Human BehaviourBehaviour

Key Words Key Key Words Key PeoplePeople Acclimation Acclimation

adjustmentsadjustments Agents of socializationAgents of socialization Behavioural Behavioural

adjustmentsadjustments Conflict perspectiveConflict perspective Functionist Functionist

perspectiveperspective MetacognitionMetacognition Symbolic-interactionist Symbolic-interactionist

perspectiveperspective

Diana BaumrindDiana Baumrind Charles CooleyCharles Cooley Erik EriksonErik Erikson Carol GilliganCarol Gilligan Lawrence KohlbergLawrence Kohlberg George H. MeadGeorge H. Mead Karl MarxKarl Marx Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Anthropological Anthropological AnswerAnswer

Genetics and the Genetics and the EnvironmentEnvironment

What do you think about our What do you think about our behaviour?behaviour?

Are we are who we are because of the Are we are who we are because of the way we were made or because of the way we were made or because of the way we were raised and the way we were raised and the environment around us?environment around us?

What about Identical Twins? (Page 98)What about Identical Twins? (Page 98)

Genetics and the Genetics and the EnvironmentEnvironment

Genetic Factors – Making you, you.Genetic Factors – Making you, you.-From birth to adulthood, we grow -From birth to adulthood, we grow because of genetics.because of genetics.-What do I mean?-What do I mean?-Genes determine certain physical -Genes determine certain physical things about youthings about you

-Inherited traits, guesses on height, -Inherited traits, guesses on height, hair colour, etc.hair colour, etc.

What about Environmental What about Environmental FactorsFactors

Anthropologists acknowledge the Anthropologists acknowledge the impact of the environment. Certain impact of the environment. Certain factors affected humanity and factors affected humanity and created “Behavioural Adjustments.”created “Behavioural Adjustments.”

People in extremely cold People in extremely cold environments change behaviours to environments change behaviours to adapt.adapt.

Inuit live in severe cold. They had to Inuit live in severe cold. They had to adapt.adapt.-Use what they have. (What do they -Use what they have. (What do they have?)have?)-Igloos, warm clothing-Igloos, warm clothing

People in the tropics do not need People in the tropics do not need cold protection. The opposite cold protection. The opposite problem is true.problem is true.

Acclimation AdjustmentsAcclimation Adjustments

In the cold, body needs to stay warm.In the cold, body needs to stay warm.-Basal Metabolic Rate (the amount of -Basal Metabolic Rate (the amount of energy each person uses).energy each person uses).-More energy, produces more body -More energy, produces more body heat.heat.

In the heat, body needs to stay cool.In the heat, body needs to stay cool.-How does the body stay cool?-How does the body stay cool?

In the heat, shelter is for a different In the heat, shelter is for a different reason. Clothing is quite differentreason. Clothing is quite different

Psychological AnswerPsychological Answer

Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture

Psychologists look at the brain and Psychologists look at the brain and how we think, make decisions, etc.how we think, make decisions, etc.

Used to be a debate about the two Used to be a debate about the two aspects (genetics/heredity and aspects (genetics/heredity and environment) or the other. Different environment) or the other. Different argument now. How much do each argument now. How much do each affect our behaviour?affect our behaviour?

What is Heredity?What is Heredity? Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics Intellectual Intellectual

CharacteristicsCharacteristics-Height-Height-Weight-Weight-Obesity-Obesity-Tone of Voice-Tone of Voice-Blood Pressure-Blood Pressure-Tooth Decay-Tooth Decay-Athletic Ability-Athletic Ability-Firmness of handshake-Firmness of handshake-Age of death-Age of death-Activity level-Activity level

-Memory-Memory-Ability as measured on -Ability as measured on intelligence testsintelligence tests-Reading disability-Reading disability-Mental retardation-Mental retardation

Emotional Characteristics and Emotional Characteristics and DisordersDisorders-Shyness-Shyness-Extraversion-Extraversion-Emotionality-Emotionality-Neuroticism-Neuroticism-Schizhophrenia-Schizhophrenia-Anxiety-Anxiety-Alcoholism-Alcoholism

Stages of Fetal Stages of Fetal DevelopmentDevelopment

Germinal PeriodGerminal Period Embryonic PeriodEmbryonic Period Critical PeriodCritical Period Eight to Sixteen WeeksEight to Sixteen Weeks Sixteen to Eighteen WeeksSixteen to Eighteen Weeks Eighteen to Twenty-four WeeksEighteen to Twenty-four Weeks Twenty-fourth weekTwenty-fourth week Twenty-eighth weekTwenty-eighth week

Environmental factors affecting Environmental factors affecting fetal developmentfetal development

What do you think?What do you think?

Environmental Influences on a Environmental Influences on a Child’s DevelopmentChild’s Development

Studies have shown that quick Studies have shown that quick bonding with caregivers lead to more bonding with caregivers lead to more social and emotional development. social and emotional development. What about culture though?What about culture though?

What about parenting?What about parenting?-Diana Baumrind has identified three -Diana Baumrind has identified three types of parent:types of parent: 1. Authoritarian 1. Authoritarian 2. Permissive 2. Permissive 3. Authoritative 3. Authoritative

Psychosocial DevelopmentPsychosocial Development

Erik Erikson has developed a theory Erik Erikson has developed a theory called “eight stages of psychosocial called “eight stages of psychosocial development.” He sees them as a development.” He sees them as a series of Conflict resolutions.series of Conflict resolutions.

1.1.Trust vs. MistrustTrust vs. Mistrust. Birth to 18 months. Birth to 18 months 2. 2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubtAutonomy vs. shame and doubt. 18 . 18

months to three yearsmonths to three years 3. 3. Initiative versus guiltInitiative versus guilt. 3 to 6 years. 3 to 6 years

4. 4. Industry vs. inferiorityIndustry vs. inferiority. 6-12 years.. 6-12 years. 5. 5. Identity vs. role confusionIdentity vs. role confusion. .

AdolescenceAdolescence 6. 6. Intimacy vs. isolationIntimacy vs. isolation. Early adulthood.. Early adulthood. 7. 7. Generativity vs. stagnationGenerativity vs. stagnation. Middle . Middle

adulthoodadulthood 8.8. Ego integrity vs. despair. Ego integrity vs. despair. Old age.Old age.

All of these are impacted by the way we All of these are impacted by the way we were brought up and experiences we were brought up and experiences we have. have.

WorkWork

Page 100 #1-4Page 100 #1-4 Page 102 #1-3Page 102 #1-3

-Number 3 will be a quick powerpoint -Number 3 will be a quick powerpoint so collect a lot of pictures.so collect a lot of pictures.

Have a good weekendHave a good weekend