What did Mr. Decker miss?

Causes of GENOCIDE

• Difficult social conditions

• intense economic problems

• intense political conflict – this can be conflict

between dominant groups and subordinate ones that are poor and have limited rights

• very great and rapid social changes

Hutu/ Tutsi Conflict• HutuHutu• 85% of Population• Under colonial rule:

– serfs/ peasants• After independence:

– Hutu’s wanted power back– Took power– 200,000 Tutsi’s fled Rwanda

» 1994• After plane crash of Hutu

leaders, Hutus begin to commit killings of Tutsis

• TutsiTutsi• 15% of population• Under colonial rule:

– Upper class• After independence:

– Tried to keep power

• 800,000 massacred• Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)

– Tutsi militia group– Ended the genocide

RWANDA• Hutus are the

______________• Tutsi are the ______________• The European power that

imperialized Rwanda is ________

• Independence was gained in 1961– Hutus took power– 200,000 Tutsi’s fled

Rwanda• Tutsi’s formed the Rwandan

Patriotic Front (RPF)– a militia group

Paul Kagame

Origins of APARTHEID (separateness) • 1910: Britain granted South Africa

self-rule• 1948: Nationalist Party

– Dutch background– white farmers– Legalizes Apartheid

• legal, rigid separation o/t races

– Afrikaans: new language that combines Dutch & Bantu

• Population:– Whites: 16% – Blacks: 70%– Mixed ethnicity: 11%– Asians: 3% (Mainly Indians) why??

Apartheid Laws • Pass Laws:– ID– where you can travel or

work– tax payments– carried at all times– shown upon demand

• separated families• legal segregation• White’s controlled:

– 4/5s of total land– fertile farmlands– abundant raw materials

Steps Toward Change• 1989: Pres. F.W. deKlerk lifted

ban on Apartheid opposition groups– last white president of S.A.

• Early 1990s: new constitution enacted

• 1994: elections held• Nelson Mandela becomes first

black president of South Africa

Shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize

F.W. deKlerkF.W. deKlerk Nelson Mandela w/ wife, WinnieNelson Mandela w/ wife, Winnie

South Africa’s Demographic Shifts

• 1990 Population:– Whites: 16% – Blacks: 70%– Mixed ethnicity: 11%– Indian: 3%

• Welfare State– 1996 2009– 3 mil 12.5 mil– Seen as a huge

positive due to decrease in poverty

• 2009 Population:– Whites: 9%– Blacks: 80%– Mix: 9%– Indian: 2.6%

• Households w/ access to electricity & fresh water:– 1996 2009– 53% 80%

The Economist:: 4/18/09 pg. 24