Welcome
Product Training – CRAC/CRAH/High-Density
General topics - Data Center…
Availability
Safety
Energy Efficiency
Transparency
3http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/the-data-center-standard-din-en-50600-in-brief-563/
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Air-Conditioning requirements in a Data Center
“Correct“ temperature and “correct“ airvolume in front of the IT-equipment –24 hours a day and 365 days a year –all that as energy-efficient and reliableas possible and in dependence of the
actual heat load of the servers.
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Air-Conditioning requirements in a Data Center
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/data-center-temperature-control-1467/
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Low Density
< 7kW / Rack
Medium Density
7-15kW / Rack
High Density
> 15kW / Rack
Heat loads
ASHRAE TC9.9-2013
Recommended supply air temperature range:
18°C up to 27°C
Allowable supply air temperature range:
15°C up to 32°C
Requirements of the IT-equipment
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Generally speaking, the required supply air temperature must be reached at a height of 1,5m in front of the rackThe delta T across the rack is typically between 10K and 15KThe air outlet temperature is normally not important for the IT equipment
∆T – Airside temperature difference
1,5m
18 - 27°C 28 - 42°C
Server Inlet Temperature
Server Outlet Temperature
8http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/delta-t-91/
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Server Inlet = 24°C
Return Air = 39°C
Supply Air = 24°C
Server Outlet = 39°C
𝛥𝛥T = 15K 𝛥𝛥T = 15K
∆T – Airside temperature difference (ideal)
SHR = Sensible Heat Ratio (best achievable: 1,0)
Target: Sensible Capacity = Total CapacityNo unwanted, efficiency decreasing dehumidification
SHR
SHR=Sensible Capacity
Total Capacity
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EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio (the higher, the better)
Lowest total power input for a specific cooling capacity
EER
EER=Total Capacity
Total Power Input
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AER = Airflow Efficiency Ratio (the lower, the better)
AER Unit: W / (m³/h)AER applies at specific airflow and external static pressure
AER
AER=Fan Power Input
Airflow
12http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/aer-351/
PUE = Power Usage Effectiveness (the lower, the better)
KPI = Key Performance Indicator (EN 50600-4-2, “Green Grid”)
NO BENCHMARK!NO EFFICIENCY FACTOR!
PUE (pPUE, iPUE, dPUE)
PUE= Total facility power
IT power
13http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/powerusageeffectivenesspueppue-1045/
The PUE calculation is a Data Center specific measure to understandand improve the energy consumption The PUE is based on MEASUREMENTS of a period of at least 12 months and therefore a yearly average value!
PUE (pPUE, iPUE, dPUE)
14
Source: EN 50600-4-2
PUE = (1.450 + 450 + 400) /(1.500) = 1,53
IT Energy
Cooling, Air-Conditioning, Lightning, Controls,…
Electricity
Natural gas
Block heatand power
plant
Elec. facilities
ElectricityOther EnergyMeasuring point
PUE “derivatives”:
“Interim” PUE = iPUE: period of measurements less than 12 months
“Partial” PUE = pPUE: consideration of a subset of the infrastructure
“Draft” PUE = dPUE: theoretical PUE based on a “real” DC planning
PUE (pPUE, iPUE, dPUE)
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Products & Solutions
Mission Critical Cooling
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STULZ is the world's leading solution provider of energy efficient temperature and humidity management technology, specifically for mission-critical applications.
Our vision
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Products
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IHS “Data Center Cooling Report“ 2016 – Cooling Market (Revenue)
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STATISTICS
Chip/Server Row/rack Perimeter AHU Containment
2015
63%
9%
1%
13% 14%
Chip/Server Row/rack Perimeter AHU Containment
2020
57%
1%
14%15%
13%
EUROVENT Market Intelligence(Sold unitsEMEA)
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STATISTICS
-4%
6,527
32,866
10,758
6,831
2013 2014
35,154
2015
DX
CW
15,581
34,837
17,215
TLC
2016
10,708
6,914
2012
35,655
16,307
11,481
7,867
2011
36,958
17,396 16,877
11,44611,143
8,419 29,746
9,684
13,592
6,470
EUROVENT Market Intelligence(Capacity EMEA)
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STATISTICS
2013 2014 2015
DX
CW
201620122011
8,419
580k 550k 590k 550k 520k 500k
730k 650k790k660k
760k 730k
ROOM COOLING – Products
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ROOM COOLING - CyberAir3(PRO)
CyberAir 3(PRO)
• Cooling Capacity ~ 20kW – 250kW• EC-fans• 7 different cooling systems• 7 unit sizes• 4 different airflow directions (Downflow, Upflow,
Raised Floor, High)• Different compressor types (Scroll, EC-Scroll,
tandem, one circuit, two circuits)• Three different refrigerants available
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CyberAir 3(PRO) – COOLING SYSTEMS
Air-Cooled System (A, AS)
Water-Cooled System (G, GS)
Chilled Water System (CW)
Dual-fluid System (ACW, ASCW)
Dual-fluid Chilled WaterSystem (CW2)
Dual-fluid System (GCW, GSCW)
Indirect Free CoolingSystem
(GE, GES)
Cooling Systems – Dual-Fluid Example
Standard daytime operation:
Chiller on
Office A/C on
CW-circuit in ACW unit active
Compressor and condenser off
Night-time, weekends:
Chiller off
Office A/C off
DX-circuit in ACW unit active
Compressor and condenser on
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/dehumidification-in-data-centers-when-using-cw-units-at-high-temperature-levels-362/
Indirect Dynamic Free Cooling with GE and GES units.
Automatic choice of four different working modes• DX (compressor cooling)• Mix-Mode (Compressor and Free cooling)• EFC (Extended Free cooling)• FC (Free cooling)
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Cooling Systems – GE/GES
DX
MIX
EF
C
FC
Regions for Free Cooling
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Unit Sizes CyberAir 3(PRO)
Unit size 1 Unit size 3Unit size 2
950 x 890 x 1980mm
950 x 890 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 1
All unit types/cooling systems
1400 x 890 x 1980mm
1400 x 890 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 1
All unit types/cooling systems
1750 x 890 x 1980mm
1750 x 890 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 2
All unit types/cooling systems
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Unit Sizes CyberAir 3(PRO)
Unit size 4 Unit size 5
2200 x 890 x 1980mm
2200 x 890 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 2
All unit types/cooling systems
2550 x 890 x 1980mm
2550 x 890 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 3
All unit types/cooling systems
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Unit Sizes CyberAir 3(PRO)
Unit size 7 Unit size 8
3110 x 980 x 1980mm
3110 x 980 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 4
All CW-units, ASR/ALR…DX
3350 x 980 x 2495mm
Number of fans: 4
ASR/ASH…CW/CW2 only
ROOM COOLING – Airflow directions
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DOWNFLOWASD
UPFLOWASU
ROOM COOLING – Airflow directions
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RAISED FLOORASR
HIGHASH
Airflow directions / Available unit types
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AAS
GGS
GEGES
CW CW2 ACWASCW
GCWGSCW
ASD X X X(Size 1)
X X X X
ALD - - X - - - -
ASU X X X(Size 1)
X X X X
ALU - - X - - - -
ASR X - X X X - -
ALR - - X - - - -
ASH - - - X - - -
EC-fan technology for energy efficient air flow in all operating points
EC-compressor technology for infinite compressorcontrol with maximum efficiency and precisetemperature control
Maximized heat exchanger and filter surface
Quiet running, long life, maintenance friendly
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Main Features
Compact dimensions
High-efficiency zig-zag filters plus filter controlmanagement
Electronically controlled expansion valves
Different coil lay-outs to meet all required operating points
Stulz C7000 microprocessor control of all activecomponents
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Main Features
Latest EC-motor, electronics and fan blade technologyFan blade made out of fibre-glass reinforcedmaterial• Aerodynamically optimized profiles• Noise optimized design• Economization of weightFans especially developed for Stulz
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Energy Saving Features
Lowest fan power consumption in fulland part loadVery low noise emissionMaintenance freeExcellent performance data (EC-Directive 2005/32/EC = Energyrelated products directive „ErP“)
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Energy Saving Features
Stulz
ACECErP 2013ErP 2015
EC-Compressor:Maximized efficiency especially in part load operation and Mix-modeConstant supply air temperature Integrated soft-startFast and precise reaction accordingto the actual heat loadLong compressor life time becauseof continous compressor operationwithout start- and stop-times
Page 39
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Energy Saving Features
Airflow optimisation:Aerodynamic design for lowest airside pressure dropPerfect air flow through unit, filtersand coils from air inlet to air outletSize optimized heat exchangers, filters and fansOptimization of fan positioning
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Energy Saving Features
High Performance Filtration:Use of „high-performance zig-zag-filters“ with large filter surface for reduced fan power consumption andhigher net sensible cooling capacityFilter control management
• Integrated intelligent airflow control• Adaption of fan speed in dependence of actual filterpressure drop
• Automatic indication of required filter change• Protection against too low airflow and „hot spots“• Constant airflow at any time and longer filter life-time
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Energy Saving Features
Reduction of internal air pressure lossesFan position ensures less turbulence and misdirection of the airBoth the above result in reduced fan consumption
The underfloor fan section (CW)
ASD 2080 CW (coil A):
Size 7, 35.000 m³/h, ESP: 20Pa• Fan power: 5,5 kW• AER: 0,16
ASR 2060 CW (coil A):
Size 7, 35.000 m³/h, ESP: 20Pa• Fan power: 4,0 kW• AER: 0,11
42http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/cracs-with-underfloor-fan-section-569/
Reduction of internal air pressure lossesFan position ensures less turbulence and misdirection of the airBoth the above result in reduced fan consumption
The underfloor fan section (DX)
ASD 712 AS:
Size 4, 20.000 m³/h, ESP: 20Pa• Fan power: 4,1 kW• AER: 0,20
ASR 732 AS:
Size 4, 20.000 m³/h, ESP: 20Pa• Fan power: 3,6 kW• AER: 0,18
43http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/cracs-with-underfloor-fan-section-569/
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CW-Standby-Management
ON ON
ON ONON
ON
ONONON
ONOFF OFF
6x ASR 1710 CW (coil A) Passive redundancy (4 units ON, 2 units OFF)
Airflow: 4x 32.000m³/h = 128.000m³/h Fan power: 4x 4,5kW = 18,0kW Total sound pressure level: 63dB(A) Waterside pressure drop: 70kPa
6x ASR 1710 CW (coil A) Active redundancy (6 units ON)
Airflow: 6x 21.300m³/h = 128.000m³/h Fan power: 6x 1,6kW = 9,6kW Total sound pressure level: 55dB(A) Waterside pressure drop: 40kPa
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/standby-management-for-cw-units-77/
Differential Pressure Management… Permanent control of fan speed in
accordance of heat loadQuick and precise reaction on even smallest
changes Always provision of the correct airflow No interference between pressure and
temperature Always constant supply air temperature and
correct air volume
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Option “Differential Pressure Management”
Pressure Independent Control Valves… combine the features of a dynamic pressure
control valve and a 2-way-control-valve ensure a steady and high valve authority ensure a precise and stable operation under
all load conditions ensure an easy installation and quick
hydraulic balancing reduce the commissionig and start-up times contribute to reduce energy costs of the
pumps
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Option “Pressure Independent Control Valve”
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/use-of-pressure-independent-control-valves-in-cw-units-1409/
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Option “Direct Free Cooling (FCP)”
Free Cooling Plenum (FCP)… Possibility of Direct Free Cooling in combination with
CRAC/CRAH No extra space needed (both dampers on top of the unit) Three different working modes:
• DX/CW mode• MIX-Mode• Free Cooling Frost protection included
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Other Features/Options
CyberAir 3(PRO)
• Raised floor stands• Different filter classes, different coils• Mechanical devices (ducts, dampers, …)• „Filter-Control-Management“• Differential Pressure Control• CW-Standby-Management• Direct Free Cooling (FCP)• Display of airflow, EER, cooling capacity• …
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CyberAir 3(PRO)
• Dual power supply• UPS buffer controller• Pressure Independent Control Valves• Re-heat, electrical, proportional, LPHW,
refrigerant• Steam humidifier, control of external ENS• BMS-connections• Monitoring (WIB)
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/cw-units-heat-exchanger-62/
…and many more…
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CyberAir 3(PRO) – Competition
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/cooling-capacity-how-to-compare-apples-with-apples-1400/
CyberAir 3(PRO) – Competition
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At least 40 competitors producing CRAC/CRAH units worldwide that can begrouped into 3 different parts:• “Large Global Players“: Vertiv, Schneider, STULZ• “Mini Global Players“: Climaveneta, Airedale, GEA Denco, Silent-Aire, Huawei• “Local Players“: EMEA: WKT, HiRef, Tecnair, Aermec, RCGroup,…
APAC: Daikin, Citec, AIRSYS,…LAM: Data Aire,…
Three major tendencies are visible:• Main competition (Vertiv, Schneider, Airedale) is focussing on systems• Brochure data is published with higher return air and water temperatures• More and more competitors with only little information “Smaller“ Italian manufacturers are publishing technically questionable data and are
still focussing on the product Tendency to capacity optimization and higher capacity per footprint
ROOM COOLING – CyberAir 3(PRO) USPs
Flexibility: Airflow directions, cooling systems, refrigerants, coils, valves…
State-of-the-art operating temperatures (air-side and water-side)
Best “overall“ performance data available on the market (EER, AER)
Only manufacturer with a full DX-range with fan section underfloor
Filter-Control-Management, Differential Pressure Control
World-wide number one indirect free cooling system
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ROOM COOLING – MiniSpace EC
MiniSpace EC
• Cooling Capacity 5kW – 25kW• For smaller Data Centers• 3 Cooling Systems (A, G, CW) • Upflow, Downflow, Displacement• EC-fans• Direct Free Cooling possibility with EcoCool
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ROOM COOLING – MiniSpace EC
MiniSpace EC
Precise, reliable and cost-effective air-conditioning solutions Compact size – MiniSpace EC requires very little
floor space Easy integration in small to medium-sized server
and technology rooms Installation in existing server rooms with no
problem
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CyberLab – ASU 211 AL
• Cooling Capacity up to 20 kW• “0-heat-load-unit“• According to German hygienic standard
VDI6022• Very precise controls• Easy access to all components• EC-fan, EC-compressor• Standardized solution
ROOM COOLING – CyberLab
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Products
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HIGH DENSITY – Products
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow
• Targeted cooling of high(er) density racks• Independent of rack manufacturer• To be positioned directly between or next to the racks• Suitable for applications with or without raised floor• Suitable for use in open or contained hot-aisle/cold-
aisle applications• Infinitely variable cooling capacity• Cooling Capacity 20 kW – 58 kW• 3 unit sizes (300/400/600mm)• 4 Cooling Systems (A/AS, CW, GS, GES)
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow
Special airflow deflectors between the fansplus airflow straighteners at the discharge:• To increase the maximum fan throwing
range• For an even and horizontal airflow• For a reduced fan power consumption Thanks to the horizontal (lateral) air
discharge, CyberRow creates uniform andclose-contact airflow directly in front of theracks.In most cases therefore a constructional
partition of hot aisle and cold aisle can beavoided.
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Air velocity
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Cooling Systems
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• Chilled Water (CW)• CRS/L 210/320/560 CW (300/400/600mm)• Proportional controlled 2-way-valve• 2 different coils per size
• Air-Cooled (A/AS)• CRS/L 211/251/361 A/AS (300/400/600mm)• Either stepless controlled EC-compressor or
on/off compressor with hot-gas-bypass• R410A or R134a• Oil separator for AS-units
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Cooling Systems
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• Glycol-cooled (GS)• CRS/L 251/361 GS (400/600mm)• EC-compressor, R410A• Plate condenser and 2-way-valve
• Indirect Free Cooling (GES)• CRS/L 211/251/361 A/AS (400/600mm)• EC-compressor, R410A• The only (feasible) indirect free cooling
row-cooling unit available on the market
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Controls
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6 temperature sensors for a close andenergy efficient cooling control in 3 independent horizontal zones (full load andpart load)• 3 supply air temperature sensors• 3 return ar temperature sensors 2 diverse set-points (parameter) for a fast
and precise reaction on all requirements• Fan speed control in dependence of temperature
difference between return and supply air• Compressor speed (valve opening, hot-gas-
bypass control) in accordance of supply airtemperature
100%
0%
Setpoint supply airMax (TIx1, TIx2, TIx3)
CW valve, compressor speed
16%
max
min
Setpoint delta TTRx - TIx
Fan x speed
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Airflow
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Horizontal discharge forOpen Aisle Applications
Front discharge for ColdAisle Containment
Horizontal discharge forHot Aisle Containment
Increasing of efficiency/redundancy in most cases only possible with containment systems.
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Dimensions
Two different unit depths to meet all requirementsR
AC
K
Cyb
erR
ow
CR
Sa) 1.175/1.200mm (CRS = Standard) b) 1.375mm (CRL = Large)
RA
CK
Cyb
erR
ow
CR
S
RA
CK
Cyb
erR
ow
CR
L
Ap
pro
x. 1
.000
mm
Ap
pro
x. 1
.200
mm
Ap
pro
x. 1
.200
mm
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Options
Supply air discharge through the front (400/600mm)Side flow – left or right side onlyDual power supply2kg/h steam humidifier (400/600mm)Electrical re-heat (400/600mm)Humidity sensorCondensate pumpWater detection systemSupply air sensors to be positioned directly in front of the rackConnection to BMS systems
In general the market for “Row-Cooling“ can be devided into three different chapters:• “Stand-alone“ row-cooling CW• “Stand-alone“ row-cooling DX• “Close-Loop“ cooling solutions (e.g. Micro DC) with similar cooling equipment 3 main competitors: Rittal, Schneider (APC), Vertiv (Knürr)
• Rittal is focussing on “Close-Loop“ and “stand-alone“ CW• Schneider (APC) is focussing on “Hot-Aisle-Containment“ plus “stand-alone“ CW• Vertiv (Knürr) is focussing on “Close-Loop“ CW and “stand-alone“ CWOther competition either “Close-Loop“ (e.g. Minkels) or “stand-alone“ (e.g. Climaveneta)
In most cases the sales channel is different compared to CRAC/CRAH The majority of the projects is via “rack“ or “cabling“ – cooling not important…
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow Competition
300mm CW-version – Vertiv, Rittal, Schneider
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Airflow: 7.800m³/hCapacity: 59,5kWFan power: 2,5kWEER: 23,80
Airside delta T: 24K !!!
38°C 14°C
ENP
7°C 12°C
Airflow: 8.000m³/h Capacity: 55,0kWFan power: 2,8kWEER: 19,64
Airside delta T: 23K !!
44°C 21°C
Rittal
9°C 16,3°C
Airflow: 7.200m³/hCapacity: 39,4kWFan power: 1,8kWEER: 21,89
Airside delta T: 18K!
35°C 17°C
Schneider
10°C 15,5°C
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/delta-t-91/
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRow USPs
Control features (2 independent set-points, Delta T control, quantity of temperaturesensors) Flexibility (3 different sizes, different unit
depths, different airflow directions)Only manufacturer with a 400mm versionOnly manufacturer with a reliable and
good indirect free cooling solution “quasi-monopoly“ in terms of DX: number of
units, refrigerants, compressor types,… Energy efficiency (fan power consumption) Realistic, practice orientated air-side
temperature differences
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRack Active Rear Door
• Containment at rack level (instead ofroom level or for supplemental cooling)
• “Active Rack Cooling“• Cooling exactly where and when needed• For network and server cabinets with
passive or active ventilation• Standard racks can be converted into
high-density racks• Components: EC-fans, CW heat
exchanger, controller
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRack Active Rear Door
• Complete product consists of heat exchangermodule and connecting frame
• Independent from rack manufacturer (adapterframe needed for 600mm or 800mm rack, drawing required)
• 2 different capacity versions (19kW/32kW)• Dual power supply integrated• Plug connections
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HIGH DENSITY – CyberRack Active Rear Door
Air discharged by the servers is immediately sucked in by the cooling unit and delivered back into the room after treatment
Therefore: no need of containment to separate hot and
cold air higher intake air temperature higher water temperatures high efficiency
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45°C
Server
24°C
25°C
40°C
25°C
45°C
Server
24°C
40°C
45°C
Server
24°C
25°C
40°C
25°C
45°C
Server
24°C
40°C
WT,in:14°C
WT,out:19°C
WT,in:14°C
WT,out:19°C
HIGH DENSITY – CyberRack Active Rear Door
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Application 1
Rooms w/o Raised Floor: CyberRack to be used as
a stand-alone cooling unitin small server rooms
Entire cooling capacityprovided
Application 2
Data Center: As a “cooling booster“ in
combination with CRAC/ CRAH to avoid hot-spots
In case the perimetercooling has reachedlimits
Application 3
High Density Data Centers: Individual areas (or
complete DC) with high-density racks only
No risk of hot-spots Almost no extra space
needed for cooling units
Airflow Management in Raised Floor Computer Room Environments
HIGH DENSITY – AirBooster/AirModulator
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Airflow Management in Raised Floor Computer Room Environments• Elimation of hot-spots• increase of efficiency
HIGH DENSITY – AirBooster/AirModulator
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1. AirModulator2. AirBooster3. Pressure Control Module4. Differential Pressure
Control
http://www.stulz.de/en/newsroom/blog/increased-efficiency-thanks-to-raised-floor-grilles-with-adjustable-opening-angle-818/
AirBooster2
• Fan assisted floor tiles to increase the local airflow at the intake area of the server rack
• Requirement: sufficient airflow provided by theCRAC/CRAH units
• Up to ~4.400m³/h (75W @ 2.900m³/h)• In two zones individual adjustable guide vanes• 3 air temperature sensors, option pressure control• Light and heavy duty grille• BMS connection Modbus RTU• Available with or without controller
HIGH DENSITY – AirBooster2
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AirModulator2
• Variable air volume damper to enhance efficiency• Requirement: sufficient airflow and pressure provided
by the CRAC/CRAH units• Automatically adjustable damper, Servomotor with
spring return• Low pressure drop due to large damper surface• Low leakage rate• 3 air temperature sensors, option pressure control• Light and heavy duty grille• BMS connection Modbus RTU• Available with or without controller
HIGH DENSITY – AirModulator2
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PCRAC
PPCMP
THANK YOU
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