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Research Methods in Translation and
Inter retin Studies II
Dr Maeve Olohan
W306maeve.o o an manc es er.ac.u
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,questions
1. Some trends in TIS research
.
process
. Focus on researc ques ons Getting ideas
Refining initial idea
Formulating questions
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Research trends
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research?
Suggests 6 areas of translation
Tymoczko 2005
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1. Attempts to define translation (1)
Examinations of linguistic,
literary and cultural facets oftranslation
Focus on translation product
(e.g. corpus-based studies,descriptive historical studies)or on translation process (e.g.
TAP analysis, studies oftranslators and interpreters)
Tymoczko 2005
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1. Attempts to define translation (2)
earn new ngs a ou rans a on
Test prescriptive or normative
and products of translation indifferent places, times and cultures
Learn more about concept oftranslation and its fuzzy boundaries
a cluster concept
Tymoczko 2005: 1084-5
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2. Internationalisation of translation
ee n con erences, pu ca ons,organisations (e.g. IATIS)
and different associations in non-Western approaches
Need to challenge Westernassumptions about translation
-translation required (e.g. Cheung
2005)
Tymoczko 2005
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.globalisation
conceptualisation of translation
(e.g. Cronin 2003) Changes in translation and
interpreting modes, e.g. shift fromindividual translators to team
translation via electronic networks,telephone interpreting, etc. . .
Baumgarten, House and Probst
2004) u me a r ngs ocus onintersemiotic translation
Tymoczko 2005
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.disciplines
Historically, TIS adapts frames
from other disciplines e.g. linguistics, systems theories,
discourse theory, cultural
studies, sociology etc. also smaller frames, e.g.
rewr ng, represen a on
Predicted to continue andbecome more self-reflexive
Tymoczko 2005
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.science
Study of perception, expert
s stems etc.
Implications: more self-
Predicted growth area due to
research
Tymoczko 2005
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.neurophysiology
Studying the brain
.
brain activity during translation
MRI and PET scans
re c e grow area as e
technology becomes morecommonp ace; s romfocus on individuals to groups
Tymoczko 2005
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Common features of trends
ncrease n er sc p nar y beyond linguistics and cultural studies,
to social sciences and life sciences
Move away from narrow Westernperspectives
Translation as cluster concept andopen field, becoming ever more
need for greater sophistication asregards research structures, methods
more flexible, less prescriptivetranslation pedagogy
Tymoczko 2005
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The research process
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What does research achieve?
rov es new a a
Proposes a new idea Suggests an answer to a
specific question
Tests or refines an existinghypothesis
Proposes and justifies a new
hypothesis Proposes a new methodology
Proposes a new theory
Williams and Chesterman 2002: 6-47
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Research process
Identify issue of interest
hypotheses
framework or concepts, possibledata and methods of analysis
Collect data
Analyse data Process results, draw conclusions,
answer research questions
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Formulating research questions
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Getting ideas for research
en y area o own n eres
Explore current state of researchin the area
resources: human, library/IT and
professional Find out if its feasible to work in
that area
scope resources
time
Williams and Chesterman 2002: 6-47
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Refining the initial idea
Con ex ua s ng e ea To what general area does the topic belong?
How are they related?
What is the history of the topic?
What are the main categories of the topic?
What are the main concepts for the topic?
,and why questions, e.g.
I am working on X because I want to findou w y w a ow n or er o un ers anwhy/how/whether
Williams and Chesterman 2002: 6-47
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Research questions ormu a e ques ons w c researc
project will answer
often one overarching question andsevera su ques ons
it must be possible to answer thosequestions by the end of the project
ques ons may nee o e re ne as we
proceed Use research questions when exploring
Use research questions when we are not
explicitly predicting the outcome Use hypothesis if we can formulate
specific answer or expectation
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Hypotheses
Hypothesis = tentative answer to a
research problem, expressed in terms
Hypotheses help us to generalise
,
hypothesis is supported; accept into bodyof knowledge
hypothesis is rejected; new hypothesis can
be proposed, tested
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derived?
Deductively, from theories,rom era ure
Inductively, from direct
observations B intuition
By a combination of these
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For reflection
Identify your area(s) of interest intranslation or interpreting studies
en y some op c s o n eres
within your chosen area
precise, e.g. by identifying specificarts of the to ics which are of
most interest
Think about questions on thesetopics which you would like toexplore further
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ReadingTymoczko, Maria (2005) Trajectories of Research in Translation Studies,Meta 50(4):
1082-1097.
and at least one of the following publications by Chesterman:
,doing Research in Translation Studies, Manchester: St. Jerome.
Chesterman, Andrew (2001) Empirical Research Methods inTranslation Studies, Erikoiskielet ja knnsteoria (VAKKI-symposiumi XX) 27, 9-22.
-------- -------- ,Olohan (ed.) Intercultural Faultlines. Research Models inTranslation Studies I: Textual and Cognitive aspects. Manchester:St. Jerome, pp.15-27.
-------- 2000b What Constitutes Pro ress in Translation Studies? inBirgitta Englund Dimitrova (ed.), versttning och tolkning.Rapport frn ASLA:s hstsymposium, Stockholm, 5-6 november1998. Uppsala: ASLA, pp. 33-49.
-------- (1998) Causes, Translations, Effects, Target 10(2): 201-230.
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Other references , -
and Some False Dichotomies in Translation Studies, CTISOccasional Papers 1: 7-20.
Baumgarten, Nicole, Juliane House and Julia Probst (2004) ,The Translator 10(1): 83-108.
Cheung, Martha P.Y. (2005) To Translate Means toExchange? A new interpretation of the earliest Chineseattem ts to define translation, Tar et 17 1 : 27-48
Cronin, Michael (2003) Translation and Globalisation, Londonand New York: Routledge.
Frankfort-Nachmias, Chava and David Nachmias (1996)Research Methods in the Social Sciences, London: Arnold.
Halverson, Sandra (1999) Conceptual Work and theTranslation Concept, Target 11(1): 1-31.
-------- (2004) Assumed Translation: Reconciling Komissarov and
Tour and movin a ste forward, Tar et 16 2 : 341-354.Tymoczko, Maria (2002) Connecting the Two Infinite Orders:
Research Methods in Translation Studies, in Theo Hermans(ed.) Crosscultural Transgressions. Research Models inTranslation Studies II: Historical and Ideological Issues,Manchester: St. Jerome, pp. 9-25.
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me o s o ana ys s
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