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Thursday, January 29, 2015
“2015 Drug Design & Delivery Symposium:
Designing Better Drug Candidates”
Dr. Paul Leeson, Director, Paul Leeson Consulting, Ltd.
Dr. Rick Connell, Vice President, External Research Solutions, Pfizer
Thursday, February 5, 2015
“Natural Product Chemistry: Benefits of
Pterostilbene on Health, Memory, and Anxiety”
Dr. Agnes Rimando, Research Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dr. Dave Harwell, Assistant Director of Industry Member Programs, American
Chemical Society
1/20/2015
6
Pacifichem 2015 www.pacificchem.org
11
Learn more about the technical program and subject areas covered visit: www.pacifichem.org
Abstract submission is open from January 1 – April 3, 2015
THE INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS
OF PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES
Honolulu, Hawaii DECEMBER 15 - 20, 2015
12
“3D Printing: From Molecules to Manufacturing”
This ACS Webinar is sponsored by Pacifichem 2015. Find out more at www.pacifichem.org
www.acs.org/acswebinars Slides available Now! Recordings will be available to ACS members after one week
Dr. Timothy Long Professor of Chemistry and Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Chris Williams Associate Professor of Mechanical
Engineering and Asst. Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Mark Jones Executive External Strategy
and Communications Fellow,
Dow Chemical
1/20/2015
7
Christopher B. Williams
Associate Director, Macromolecules & Interface Institute
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Virginia Tech
3D Printing: From Molecules to Manufacturing
Timothy E. Long
Director, Macromolecules & Interface Institute
Department of Chemistry
Virginia Tech
The Virginia Tech Team
Tim Long The Long Group
http://www.tlong.chem.vt.edu/
Chris Williams DREAMS Lab
http://www.me.vt.edu/dreams @DREAMSlab
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http://www.dezeen.com/2013/05/29/3d-printed-robohand-helps-children-born-without-fingers/
http://fineprintnyc.blogspot.com/2013/05/3d-printed-implant-saves-babys-life.html
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http://thehightechsociety.com/3d-printing-change-face-poverty-stricken-nations/
http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37270/title/Organs-on-Demand/
http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn20737/dn20737-1_300.jpg
https://www.solidconcepts.com/content/images/selective-laser-sintering-sls-015.jpg
Challenge, Opportunity & Invitation Additive Manufacturing needs:
Larger catalog of working materials
Structure-Property-Process understanding
Chemistry opportunities:
Tailoring rheology/viscosity for AM platforms with new macromolecular architectures
Understanding intermolecular interactions at interfaces, surfaces, and interfacial phenomena
Physical properties of layered architectures
New orthogonal synthetic methods and photo-reactive monomers/oligomers
http://wohlersassociates.com/roadmap2009.html
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Molecules to Manufacturing
Opportunity to realize breakthrough products via concurrent design of novel polymer chemistry, part geometry, and manufacturing process.
Structural Parameters for Polymeric Materials in Additive Manufacturing
Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution
Chemical Composition
Chain Isomerism/Stereochemistry
Morphology
Topology
Rheology (solution and melt)
Surface Features
Polymer Additives
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Webinar Outline
Additive Manufacturing Overview
Additive Manufacturing Materials & Processes
Extrusion
Photopolymerization
Vat-based & Jetting
Powder Bed Fusion
Binder Jetting
Summary
http://www.compassdude.com/i/topographic-map.jpg
Additive Manufacturing
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http://www.compassdude.com/i/topographic-map.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Fotothek_df_n-20_0000140_Zerspannungsfacharbeiter.jpg
vs.
ASTM F2792-10
Subtractive Additive
When was the first “3D printing” technology commercialized?
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Instantaneous Audience Question
1/20/2015
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AM Technologies: Classification
ASTM F2792:12a
AM Technologies: Classification
ASTM F2792:12a
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Material Extrusion Processes
media1.wmv
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Entering the Viscous Melt State
Provide heat to induce polymer flow
Need to maintain constant temperature
Avoid overheating:
Polymers degrade at high temperatures and can leave residue
Thermoplastic Polymers for Extrusion
30 Gibson, I.; Rosen, D. W.; Stucker, B.; Springer: New York, 2010, pg. 159
Images - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_deposition_modeling
Polymer Type Chemical Structure Properties
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
High toughness and impact resistance
Polysulfones Heat/chemical resistance, dimensional
stability
Polycarbonates High impact resistance/tensile strength,
low scratch resistance
Polyetherimides
High temp applications (Tg = 216 °C),
similar to PEEK
Polyesters Biocompatible and biodegradable
Any thermoplastic material with proper melt viscosity is potentially suitable for extrusion
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/thors394/3701/assets_c/2
013/10/DSC_2569-thumb-800x529-167617.jpg
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Morphology of Thermoplastics: Study of Structure What are the details of the structure of the solid?
Crystalline Semicrystalline Amorphous
Melting @ Tm
Heat of Fusion Stronger Forces Correlated Structure
Glass Transition No Heat of Fusion Free Volume Amorphous Form
Melt Rheology Considerations
Viscosity of Polymers as a
Function of Molecular Weight
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Relationship of Molecular Weight to
Mechanical Properties and Rheology
Properties increase, then essentially plateau with MW at Me, entanglement MW
Melt Viscosity proportional to 3.4 power of weight average MW.
“Property” e.g., Tg
M.W.
0 (Zero shear melt Viscosity)
Me = MW where entanglements become important Tg ~ Tg - Constant / Mn
Me
Advancements in Extrusion
http://cloudwiser.wordpress.com/2014/09/15/local-motors-3d-prints-a-car-live-at-imts-3d-printing-industry/
http://www.envisiontec.de/
http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html
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Instantaneous Audience Question
Which of the following materials often used in 3D Printing are thermoplastics?
Amorphous polymers
Semi-crystalline polymers
Hydrogels
Crosslinked epoxies
Block copolymers
AM Technologies: Classification
ASTM F2792:12a
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Vat Photopolymerization
Scanning Mirrors
Stereolithography (3D Systems)
http://www.pi-castings.co.uk/_includes/images/global/RPQuickCastmodelsRacingCar.jpg
Mask Projection mStereolithography
Projected UV light selectively cures photopolymer
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/mz5006316
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Material Jetting: Stratasys PolyJet
Stratasys PolyJet Material Jetting
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UV-Curable Photopolymers for Stereolithography
41 Gibson, I.; Rosen, D. W.; Stucker, B.; Springer: New York, 2010, pg. 63-67
Functional Group Type
Acrylate / Methacrylate
Epoxy Vinyl Ether
Curing Mechanism
Free Radical Cationic Cationic
Chemical Structure
Examples
Polymer backbone can contain any of: - Linear/cyclic aliphatics - Aromatics - Polyurethanes/ureas - Polyesters - Polyethers - Polycarbonates
Most versatile AM method for polymeric materials
Any liquid polymeric (oligomeric) material is suitable for stereolithography.
A Smart Swap™ accessory offers rheological characterization of UV curable materials
TA Instruments-Discovery Hybrid Accessories http://www.tainstruments.com
UV Curing Accessory
High-pressure mercury light source for UV radiation UV wavelengths in the range of 320 to 500 nm
Smart Swap assembly with light source mount, collimator, and 5 mm light guide
1/20/2015
22
1.E+1
1.E+2
1.E+3
1.E+4
1.E+5
1.E+6
1.E+7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
G'
or
G''
(P
a)
time (s)
L61 20mW/cm2
L61 5 mW/cm2
UV Light
Photo-rheology accelerates discovery for cure time and viscosity optimization
DHR-2: 20 mm parallel plate, UHP, 500 um gap, 10 Hz, 0.05% strain G’
G’’
SEM reveals architectural definition for Pluronic L-61 scaffolds
1 mm
500 µm 500 µm
500 µm
SEM: NEO Scope JCM 5000
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SL Materials: Acrylates & Epoxies
Acrylate (acrylic monomer + free radical photoinitiator)
Faster polymerization
Warping
Poor material properties
Epoxy (epoxy monomer + cationic photoinitiator)
Slow
Sensitive to impurities (e.g., water)
Viscous
Good material properties
SL Materials: Acrylates & Epoxies
Commercial materials are combinations of acrylates and epoxies.
Acrylates reduces energy required for cationic reaction
Epoxy aides free-radical reaction (acts as a plasticizer)
Acrylate and epoxy monomers do not react with one another. Result is interpenetrating polymer network.
Variety of additives to stabilize resin, adjust viscosity, etc.
1/20/2015
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Which of the following parameters does NOT influence the rate of the photochemical curing reaction in a stereo lithographic process?
Glass transition temperature of the final polymer
Photo-initiator concentration
Acrylate concentration
Phase of the moon
Instantaneous Audience Question
Phosphonium monomers displayed ionic liquid behavior with bulky counterions
48
1/20/2015
25
Mask projection micro-stereolithography successfully 3D prints phosphonium ILs
3D Printer: UV LED 365 nm, build surface intensity 5 mW/cm2, Digital micro image device 1080 p
O
O
O
O
x
y
P T f 2 N
z
Poly(PEGDMA90-co -TOPTf2N10) with 0.25 wt% Tinuvin® increases print resolution, printability, and structural definition
SEM: NEO Scope JCM 5000
100 mm 500 mm 1 mm
0.5 mm 0.1 mm
1/20/2015
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Polyester cylinders provide structural advantages in tissue-engineered scaffolds
SEM: NEO Scope JCM 5000
Outer layer: Elastic and collagen fibers
Inner layer: Endothelium Middle layer: Smooth muscle & elastic tissue
lumen
Suspension Photo-polymerization
ba
Images of jetted QD Nanoink in (a) visible and (b) UV light
Elliott et al., 2013, Advanced Engineering Materials, 15(10), 903-907.
Emerging research in photo-polymerization of particulate suspensions
Example:
Material Jetting of Quantum Dot acrylate suspension
“Programmable Matter” for anti-counterfeiting applications
Stochastic arrangement of nanoparticles in droplet create unique identifier that cannot be replicated
1/20/2015
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AM Technologies: Classification
ASTM F2792:12a
Powder Bed Fusion
1/20/2015
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“Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing;" J. P. Kruth, KU Leuven University, Belgium
1/20/2015
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AM Technologies: Classification
ASTM F2792:12a
Binder Jetting
www.exone.com
• Binder is selectively jetted into powder bed
• Powder for next layer is swept onto bed via a roller
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Binder Jetting
Starch / Plaster Foundry Sand
Ceramics (e.g., B4C)
Metals (e.g., steel; Cu)
Binder Jetting Materials
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Key Takeaway
Additive Manufacturing
+ Novel Polymer Synthesis
+ Tailored Part Geometry
= Can displace what is possible with conventional materials and traditional manufacturing processes
Acknowledgements: Sponsors
National Science Foundation
Air Force Research Laboratory
Virginia Center for Innovative Technology
VT Institute for Critical Technology & Applied Science
Army Research Office, ILEAD MURI
1/20/2015
32
Acknowledgements: Collaborators
Students:
Nick Meisel (PhD Candidate)
Nicholas Chartrain (PhD Student)
Amelia Elliott (PhD 2014)
Nancy Zhang (PhD 2012)
Ashley Nelson (PhD Candidate)
Faculty:
Thomas Campbell (VT, ICTAS)
Vicki Long (VT, Chemistry)
Olga Ivanova (Postdoc 2014)
Blake Perez (MS 2014)
Phillip Lambert (MS 2014)
Alison Schultz (PhD Candidate)
Justin Sirrine (PhD Candidate)
64
“3D Printing: From Molecules to Manufacturing”
This ACS Webinar is sponsored by Pacifichem 2015. Find out more at www.pacifichem.org
www.acs.org/acswebinars Slides available Now! Recordings will be available to ACS members after one week
Dr. Timothy Long Professor of Chemistry and Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Chris Williams Associate Professor of Mechanical
Engineering and Asst. Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Mark Jones Executive External Strategy
and Communications Fellow,
Dow Chemical
1/20/2015
33
Pacifichem 2015 www.pacificchem.org
65
Learn more about the technical program and subject areas covered visit: www.pacifichem.org
Abstract submission is open from January 1 – April 3, 2015
THE INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS
OF PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES
Honolulu, Hawaii DECEMBER 15 - 20, 2015
Upcoming ACS Webinars www.acs.org/acswebinars
66
®
Contact ACS Webinars ® at [email protected]
Thursday, January 29, 2015
“2015 Drug Design & Delivery Symposium:
Designing Better Drug Candidates”
Dr. Paul Leeson, Director, Paul Leeson Consulting, Ltd.
Dr. Rick Connell, Vice President, External Research Solutions, Pfizer
Thursday, February 5, 2015
“Natural Product Chemistry: Benefits of
Pterostilbene on Health, Memory, and Anxiety”
Dr. Agnes Rimando, Research Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dr. Dave Harwell, Assistant Director of Industry Member Programs, American
Chemical Society
1/20/2015
34
67
“3D Printing: From Molecules to Manufacturing”
This ACS Webinar is sponsored by Pacifichem 2015. Find out more at www.pacifichem.org
www.acs.org/acswebinars Slides available Now! Recordings will be available to ACS members after one week
Dr. Timothy Long Professor of Chemistry and Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Chris Williams Associate Professor of Mechanical
Engineering and Asst. Director of
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute,
Virginia Tech University
Dr. Mark Jones Executive External Strategy
and Communications Fellow,
Dow Chemical
Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to us @ [email protected]
68
How has ACS Webinars benefited you?
®
“ACS Webinars benefits me because the topics are
timely, I can attend during workday, and the
information can be put to immediate use. Our
Institute is limiting travel to meetings so webinars
ARE the way I continue my career development.”
Trudy Holyst, M.S.
Senior Lab Technologist,
Protein Chemistry Core Lab,
Blood Research Institute
1/20/2015
35
69
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@acswebinars
youtube.com/acswebinars
Benefits of ACS Membership
70 www.acs.org/2joinACS
Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly news source.
NEW! Free Access to ACS Presentations on Demand® ACS Member only access to over 1,000 presentation recordings from recent ACS meetings and select events.
NEW! ACS Career Navigator Your source for leadership development, professional education, career services, and much more.
1/20/2015
36
Pacifichem 2015 www.pacificchem.org
71
Learn more about the technical program and subject areas covered visit: www.pacifichem.org
Abstract submission is open from January 1 – April 3, 2015
THE INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS
OF PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES
Honolulu, Hawaii DECEMBER 15 - 20, 2015
72
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®
Contact ACS Webinars ® at [email protected]
1/20/2015
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Upcoming ACS Webinars www.acs.org/acswebinars
73
®
Contact ACS Webinars ® at [email protected]
Thursday, January 29, 2015
“2015 Drug Design & Delivery Symposium:
Designing Better Drug Candidates”
Dr. Paul Leeson, Director, Paul Leeson Consulting, Ltd.
Dr. Rick Connell, Vice President, External Research Solutions, Pfizer
Thursday, February 5, 2015
“Natural Product Chemistry: Benefits of
Pterostilbene on Health, Memory, and Anxiety”
Dr. Agnes Rimando, Research Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dr. Dave Harwell, Assistant Director of Industry Member Programs, American
Chemical Society
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