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BREAKDOWN
STRUCTURE
AND ORGANISATION
AL
BREAKDOWN
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BREAKDOWN
Module 2: Work Breakdown Structure
Topics:
Work Breakdown Structure
WBS dictionary
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
Responsibility Assignment atri! (RA)
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What is a Work Breakdown Structure?
Module 2 – Work Breakdown Structure
"lanning a pro#ect using earned $alue management is no di%%erent t&an t&einitial planning necessary to implement any gi$en pro#ect' T&ere are basicitems t&at you need to know and understand as a pro#ect manager:
W&at makes up my entire pro#ect (Scope) W&at is t&e agreed upon work scope and w&at is additional work
W&at are my start and completion dates (Sc&edule)
ow muc& is t&e pro#ect going to cost (*ost)
O$er t&e years+ it was determined t&at pro#ect managers needed a tool to &elpcapture and control t&eir pro#ect scope' T&is led to t&e de$elopment o% aWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)'
On t&e %ollowing pages we will de%ine and discuss a WBS.
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Building a WBS
Building a WBS %or t&e construction o% a single %amily &ome'
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WBS: Structure
T&e A*, ousing *orporation+ w&ic& you own+ &as been contracted to buildits %irst &ouse' -ou want to be able to manage your pro#ects e%%ecti$ely and
e%%iciently+ so you c&arge your pro#ect managers to de$elop an appropriate
WBS' -ou decide to manage t&e pro#ect by t&e indi$idual tasks necessary to
complete t&e &ouse'
-ou &ope t&at t&is is t&e %irst o% many &ouses t&at A*, will build+ so you start
t&e WBS wit& A*, in t&e &ig&est position+ or .e$el /' Accordingly+ .e$el /is gi$en a WBS code o% /' -ou assign t&e WBS code o% / to t&e &ig&est le$el
because all %uture pro#ects (&ouses) will be summarized at .e$el /.
Level 1
0OT,: 1or ease o% e!planation+ our
e!ample will assume t&e %ollowing:
2 3esign is complete
2 All permits issued
2 All aterial ordered
2 4nspection &appens
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WBS: Structure
Wit& .e$el / establis&ed+ you can begin to complete t&e WBS' But w&at s&ouldt&e ne!t le$el be
T&e logical ne!t le$el %or A*, is t&e pro#ect le$el' .e$el 5 is t&e le$el %or eac&
indi$idual pro#ect+ or &ouse+ t&at A*, undertakes' As t&e c&art s&ows
below+ .e$el 5 is identi%ied at t&e pro#ect le$el: ouse'
Appropriately+ t&e code %or .e$el 5 corresponds to .e$el /' 4n t&is case+ t&e
code is /'/'
Level 1
Level 2
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WBS: Structure
At t&is point you determine t&at you want to di$ide t&e work into t&e ma#or
elements needed to build a &ouse' -ou c&oose to di$ide .e$el 6 into si!
elements: concrete+ %raming+ plumbing+ electrical+ interior and roo%ing' -ou
realize t&at t&ese are bot& ma#or deli$erables and milestones %or managing
t&e pro#ect' T&ey also enable you to get to your goal o% managing t&e pro#ectby task'
0otice t&e WBS codes at le$el 6' ,ac& is uni7ue to t&e pro#ect and starts wit&
t&e WBS code %rom t&e le$el abo$e (//'//'/'/)'
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
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WBS: Structure
Module 2 – Work Breakdown Structure
.e$el 8 o% t&e WBS will enable us to manage t&e pro#ect as desired' All o% our
contractors %it into speci%ic elements at le$el 8+ and so do all speci%ic departments'
As wit& t&e pre$ious .e$els+ note t&e WBS codes t&at &a$e been assigned to t&e
tasks and t&eir relations&ip to t&e pre$ious .e$el.
Level 4
Level 3
Level 1
Level 2
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WBS: Structure
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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Tree
T&e grap&ical structure o% t&e WBS is an easyway to identi%y t&e pro#ect components andrelations&ips o% t&ose components9&owe$er+ t&e WBS can be displayed inanot&er %ormat as well: t&e Tree %ormat'Bot& %ormats are acceptable' T&e grap&ical%ormat is at times easier to understand+ but
can take up considerable space in a report'T&e tree is not as easy to understand but ismore easily incorporated into a report%ormat'
0ote t&e WBS codes and t&e structure o% t&e.e$els in t&e Tree %ormat mirror t&e
grap&ical %ormat' T&e content &as notc&anged9 only t&e way t&e content ispresented &as c&anged'
1 ACME Housin Cor!oration
1.1 "ew Ho#e Construction
1.1.1 Concrete
1.1.1.1 $our %oundation
1.1.1.2 &nstall $atio
1.1.1.3 $our Stairwa'
1.1.2 %ra#in
1.1.2.1 %ra#e E(terior Walls
1.1.2.2 %ra#e &nterior Walls
1.1.2.3 &nstall )oo*in +russes
1.1.3 $lu#,in
1.1.3.1 &nstall Water Lines
1.1.3.2 &nstall -as Lines
1.1.3.3 &nstall B/ %i(tures
1.1.4 Electrical
1.1.4.1 &nstall Wirin
1.1.4.2 &nstall 0utletsSwitces
1.1.4.3 &nstall %i(tures
1.1. &nterior
1.1..1 &nstall r'wall
1.1..2 &nstall Car!ets
1.1..3 &nstall $aintin
1.1. )oo*in
1.1..1 &nstall %elt
1.1..2 &nstall Sinles
1.1..3 &nstall 5ents
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+e 1667 )ule
+e 1667 )ule states tat te WBS includes 1667 o* te
work de*ined ,' te !ro8ect sco!e and ca!tures all
delivera,les i.e. internal9 e(ternal9 interi#: in ter#s o* te
work to ,e co#!leted9 includin !ro8ect #anae#ent.
T&e WBS s&ould not include any work t&at %alls outside t&e
actual scope o% t&e pro#ect+ t&at is+ it cannot include more t&an
/; o% t&e work'
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E(a#!le ; +e 1667
)ule
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WBS Dictionary
Once t&e WBS is complete9 t&e WBS dictionary needs to be t&e ne!t itemde$eloped' T&e WBS dictionary is a narrati$e documentation o% t&e e%%ort neededto accomplis& all work de%ined in t&e WBS' T&e WBS dictionary is de$eloped %ort&e lowest le$el element in t&e WBS only'
To better understand &ow a WBS and a WBS dictionary work+ let
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Once WBS is de$eloped+ t&e appropriate resources and responsibilities need to
assigned' T&e %irst step in doing t&is is de$eloping t&e Organizational
Breakdown Structure (OBS) %or t&e pro#ect' T&e OBS indicates t&e
organizational relations&ips and is used as t&e %ramework %or assigning work
responsibilities' Below is an e!ample o% t&e OBS %or t&e A*, &ousebuilding pro#ect' T&e OBS is structured by Responsible 3epartment and t&en
by "er%orming 3epartment at t&e lowest le$el' T&is "er%orming 3epartment
le$el is were t&e responsibility and resource needed to accomplis& t&e
pro#ect will be assigned'
C0"C)E+E
$E)% E$+ 616
M. Mannin
MAS0")=
$E)% E$+ 626
+. -rea#s
+ES+
$E)% E$+ 636
/. "eu#ann
C&5&L
)ES$ E$+
). /ell'
CA)$E"+)=
$E)% E$+ 616
). Sites
)00%&"-
$E)% E$+ 626
=. +a'lor
)=WALL
$E)% E$+ 636
. S#it
S+)>C+>)AL
)ES$ E$+
$. +ate
$E)% E$+ 4616
S. ?onson
H00/>$+&E;&"
$E)% E$+ 4626
$. 0ttis
ELEC+&CAL
)ES$ E$+
?. Si#s
WA+E)SEWE)
$E)% E$+ 3616
/. Wells
-AS
$E)% E$+ 3626
). 0riel'
$L>MB&"-
)ES$ E$+
). Lee
$)0?EC+ 0%%&CE
)ES$ E$+
B. S#iters
W&)&"-
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erging t&e WBS and OBS+ t&e pro#ect manager creates a Responsibility
Assignment atri! (RA)' T&e RA displays t&e lowest le$el o% bot& t&eWBS and t&e OBS' T&e integration identi%ies speci%ic responsibility %or
speci%ic pro#ect tasks' 4t is at t&is point t&at t&e pro#ect manager de$elops
control accounts or work package'
)es!onsi,ilit'Assin#ent Matri(
)es!onsi,ilit'Assin#ent Matri(
C 0 " C ) E + E
$ E ) %
E $ + 6 1 6
M . M
a n n i n
M A
S 0 " ) =
$ E ) % E $ + 6 2 6
+ . - r e a # s
+ E S +
$ E ) % E $ + 6 3 6
/ . "
e u # a n n
C & 5 & L
) E S $
E $ +
) . /
e l l '
C A ) $ E " + ) =
$ E ) % E $ + 6 1 6
) . S i t e s
) 0 0 % & " -
$ E ) % E $ + 6 2 6
= . + a ' l o r
) = W A L L
$ E ) % E $ + 6 3 6
. S # i t
S + ) > C + > ) A L
) E S $ E $ +
$ . + a t e
$ E ) % E $ + 4 6 1 6
S . ? o n s o n
H 0 0 / > $ + & E ; & "
$ E ) % E $ + 4 6 2 6
$ . 0 t t i s
E L E C + & C A L
) E S $ E $ +
? . S i # s
W A + E )
S E W E )
$ E ) %
E $ + 3 6 1 6
/ . W e l l s
-
A S
$ E ) %
E $ + 3 6 2 6
) . 0 r i e l '
$ L > M B & " -
) E S $ E $ +
) . L e e
$ ) 0 ? E C + 0 % % & C E
) E S $ E $ +
B . S # i t e r s
W & ) & " -
C 0 " C ) E + E
$ E ) %
E $ + 6 1 6
M . M
a n n i n
M A
S 0 " ) =
$ E ) % E $ + 6 2 6
+ . - r e a # s
+ E S +
$ E ) % E $ + 6 3 6
/ . "
e u # a n n
C & 5 & L
) E S $
E $ +
) . /
e l l '
C A ) $ E " + ) =
$ E ) % E $ + 6 1 6
) . S i t e s
) 0 0 % & " -
$ E ) % E $ + 6 2 6
= . + a ' l o r
) = W A L L
$ E ) % E $ + 6 3 6
. S # i t
S + ) > C + > ) A L
) E S $ E $ +
$ . + a t e
$ E ) % E $ + 4 6 1 6
S . ? o n s o n
H 0 0 / > $ + & E ; & "
$ E ) % E $ + 4 6 2 6
$ . 0 t t i s
E L E C + & C A L
) E S $ E $ +
? . S i # s
W A + E )
S E W E )
$ E ) %
E $ + 3 6 1 6
/ . W e l l s
-
A S
$ E ) %
E $ + 3 6 2 6
) . 0 r i e l '
$ L > M B & " -
) E S $ E $ +
) . L e e
$ ) 0 ? E C + 0 % % & C E
) E S $ E $ +
B . S # i t e r s
W & ) & " -
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)es!onsi,ilit' Assin#ent Matri( @)AM erging WBS and OBS = RA or Responsibility Assignment atri!+ t&e
lowest le$el o% bot&' T&is identi%ies speci%ic responsibility %or speci%ic tasks'
;; ;; ;; ;; ;;
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
WBS Lowest level
0 B S L o
w e s t l e v e l
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Responsiility !ssign"ent Matri# (R!M)
Below is part o% t&e RA %or t&e A*, &ousing pro#ect'T&e lowest le$el o% t&e WBS appears across t&e top
T&e lowest le$el o% t&e OBS appears on t&e $ertical a!is
An ?@ appears at t&e intersection o% t&e WBS task and OBS personnel' T&e ?@
de%ines t&e speci%ic per%orming department (%rom t&e OBS) assigned to
complete a task (%rom t&e WBS)'
"er%orming 3ept' anager
"our
1oundation
/'/'/'/
4nstall "atio
/'/'/'5
"our
Stairway
/'/'/'6
1rame
,!terior
Walls
/'/'5'/
1rame
4nterior
Walls
/'/'5'5
4nstall
Roo%ing
Trusse
/'/'5'6
4nstall
Water
.ines
/'/'6'/
4nstall as
.ines
/'/'6'5
4nstall BCD
1i!tures
/'/'6'6
*O0*R,T,
3,"T E/ anning ASO0R-
3,"T E5 reams T,ST
3,"T E6 0eumann
*AR",0TR-3,"T F/ Sites ROO140
3,"T F5 Taylor 3R-WA..
3,"T F6 Smit& W4R40
3,"T 8/ Go&nson
OODH"CT4,>40
3,"T 85 Ottis
WAT,RCS,W,R
3,"T 6/ Wells AS
3,"T 65 Oriely
/'/'6
".HB40*O0*R,T,
/'/'/
1RA40
/'/'5
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Responsiility !ssign"ent Matri# (R!M)
To better understand t&e RA+ consider t&e A*, &ousing pro#ect'T&e OBS speci%ies r' Sites and t&e carpentry department as responsible %or
%raming t&e e!terior walls' T&ere%ore+ in t&e RA+ an @ appears at t&e cross>
section between t&e task+ %raming t&e e!terior walls+ and t&e responsible party+
r' Sites' Additionally+ r' Sites is also responsible %or %raming t&e interior walls
and installing t&e roo%ing trusses.
"er%orming 3ept' anager
"our
1oundation
/'/'/'/
4nstall "atio
/'/'/'5
"our
Stairway
/'/'/'6
1rame
,!terior
Walls
/'/'5'/
1rame
4nterior
Walls
/'/'5'5
4nstall
Roo%ing
Trusse
/'/'5'6
4nstall
Water
.ines
/'/'6'/
4nstall as
.ines
/'/'6'5
4nstall BCD
1i!tures
/'/'6'6
*O0*R,T,
3,"T E/ anning ASO0R-
3,"T E5 reams T,ST
3,"T E6 0eumann *AR",0TR-
3,"T F/ Sites ROO1403,"T F5 Taylor 3R-WA..
3,"T F6 Smit& W4R40
3,"T 8/ Go&nson
OODH"CT4,>40
3,"T 85 Ottis
WAT,RCS,W,R
3,"T 6/ Wells AS
3,"T 65 Oriely
/'/'6".HB40*O0*R,T,
/'/'/1RA40
/'/'5
Alt ti l & d d ll b d i t& RA t& t& ?@
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Responsiility !ssign"ent Matri# (R!M)
Alternati$ely+ &ours and dollars may be used in t&e RA rat&er t&an an ?@'
Hsing our A*, ouse e!ample+ t&e ?@ was replaced wit& t&e &ours
needed to complete t&e task' 0ow we see t&at r' Sites &as 6 &ours to
%rame t&e e!terior walls+ 5F &ours to %rame t&e interior walls and /IF &ours
to install t&e roo%ing trusses'
"er%orming 3ept' anager
"our
1oundation
/'/'/'/
4nstall "atio
/'/'/'5
"our
Stairway
/'/'/'6
1rame
,!terior
Walls
/'/'5'/
1rame
4nterior
Walls
/'/'5'5
4nstall
Roo%ing
Trusse
/'/'5'6
4nstall
Water
.ines
/'/'6'/
4nstall as
.ines
/'/'6'5
4nstall BCD
1i!tures
/'/'6'6
*O0*R,T,
3,"T E:/: anning 266 12 D
ASO0R-3,"T E:5: reams 6T,ST
3,"T E:6: 0eumann 26 16
*AR",0TR-
3,"T F:/: Sites 366 26 1E
ROO140
3,"T F:5: Taylor 166
3R-WA..3,"T F:6: Smit& 2EW4R40
3,"T 8:/: Go&nson
)OODH"CT4,>40
3,"T 8:5: Ottis
WAT,RCS,W,R
3,"T 6:/: Wells 166 1
AS3,"T 6:5: Oriely 12 2
/'/'6".HB40*O0*R,T,
/'/'/1RA40
/'/'5
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