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Wastewater Reuse:Selected Applications
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Wastewater PlantStandards
Some states have guidelines,some have regulations
Washington has guidelines EPA Suggested Guidelines pH !"#
$%&' ( )* mg+ -ur./ ( 0 1-2
E/ coli 1%1E
Res/ 3l04 ) mg+
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EPA Guidelines
2r.an Reuse
Restricted"Access"Area 5rrigation
Agriculture Reuse Recreational 5mpoundments
andscape 5mpoundments
3onstruction 2ses 5ndustrial Reuse
Groundwater Recharge
5ndirect Pota.le Reuse
&isin6ected, -ertiar7-reated E8uent can
.e used in all o6 theseApplications
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Secondar7 E8uent
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3omplete -reatment
E9pensive
;ilter can .e several units 3hemical Addition depends on SE
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&irect ;iltration
1o clari
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3ontact ;iltration
1o ;loc Step, 1o 3lari
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How E?ective@
Constituent
After secondarywith BNR plus
disinfection
After secondarywith BNR plusdepth filtration
and disinfection
After secondarywith BNR plusmicrofiltration, ROand disinfection
SS !"#$ %"& ' %
BO( !"#$ %"! $"#
N #"%# #"%# ' %
NO) %"%$ %"%$ ' %
*hosphorus $+%"$+! $+%"$+! ' $+!
uridity #"- ' # $+% "%
Bacteria #+#"#&$ ' #+# . $
*roto/oan !"%$ ' % . $
0iruses %$$"%$$$$ ' +$$$% . $
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Agricultural Reuse o6Wastewater
%ne o6 the most signi
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$ene
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&isadvantages o6Agricultural Reuse
Health ris> 6rom associated pathogens
Health ris> 6rom other contaminantsDe/g/ metals, chemicals,pharmaceuticals
&ecrease in soil =ualit7 6romaccumulation o6 metals and
acidi
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Agricultural Reuse inWashington
;oods consumed raw sur6ace irrigation: water re=uires o9idation
and disin6ection with mean total coli6orms
I 0/0+)** ml spra7 irrigation: water re=uires o9idation,coagulation,
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
What is rec7cled ur.an wastewater or
reclaimed water@
2r.an wastewater that has undergoneadditional treatment 6ollowing secondar7
treatment in order to .e reused rather than
discharged into the environment
3an reduce strain on pota.le water
suppl7
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
What can ur.an reclaimed water .e used6or@ 5rrigation " pu.lic par>s, schools, road medians,
an7 landscaped areas, gol6 courses
3ommercial " vehicle washing 6acilities, laundr76acilities, window washing, mi9ing pesticidesand her.icides
3onstruction " dust control, concrete production
-oilet and urinal Kushing ;ire protection
&rin>ing water@@ in Australia, not 7et in the2/S/
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
A reclaimed water systemconsists o6:
Water reclamation 6acilit7 "provides treatment in addition tosecondar7 treatment
&istri.ution s7stem " includespipelines, storage 6acilities,pumping 6acilities
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
Reclaimed water distri.ution s7stem isa dual distribution system
1etwor> o6 pipes to deliverreclaimed water to the pu.lic
Run separate .ut parallel to pota.lewater pipelines
Potential pro.lem@@@@
CROSS CONNECTIONS!!!
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
aLor considerations are pu.lichealth and relia.ilit7 o6 the s7stem
Water must .e o6 accepta.le =ualit76or intended uses
S7stem must .e maintained andoperated properl7
Reclaimed water pipes must .eclearl7 mar>ed
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
Retro
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse
St/ Peters.urg, ; 2sing reclaimed water s7stem since )#JJ
Provides 6or residential M commerical
properties, .ase.all stadium, schools San &iego, 3A
Ponoma, 3A Serves 3A Pol7technic 5nstitute, paper mills
Austin, -N
-ucson, AO
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2r.an Wastewater Reuse5n the news
3ali6ornia count7 turns to sewer water toincrease drin>ing supplies
5nternational Herald -ri.une, 1ov/ 0J, 0**J
Q%n ;rida7, the %range 3ount7 Water &istrict will turn onwhat industr7 e9perts sa7 is the worlds largest plantdevoted to puri67ing sewer water to increase drin>ing watersupplies/ -he7 and others hope it serves as a model 6orauthorities worldwide 6acing persistent drought, predictedwater shortages and proLected growth/
QSan Tose"area water o?icials announced a stud7 o6 the issuein Septem.er, water managers in southern ;lorida approveda plan last wee> calling 6or a.undant use o6 rec7cledwastewater in the coming 7ears in part to help restoc>drin>ing water supplies, and planners in -e9as are giving it
serious consideration/
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Residential WastewaterReuse
Wh7 reuse wastewater at home@
3onserve precious drin>ing water suppl7
&roughts
Arid climates%veruse or population overwhelming suppl7
Save mone7
Reduce environmental impact associatedwith wastewater treatment M disposal
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Residential WastewaterReuse
Gre7water:
Wastewater 6rom sin>s, .athtu.s,showers, dish washer, laundr7 Dan7thing
e9cept toilets a7 contain pathogens, li>el7 to contain
other micro.es, detergents, ;%Gs, .leach,hair, 6ood particles, suspended solids
1ot 6or pota.le reuse unless tertiar7treatment
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Residential WastewaterReuse
Simple home water reuse:
3ollect warming tap water in .uc>et
Hose 6rom sin> drain to outdoorsplanter .o9
ore comple9 home water reuse:
&ivert gre7water to undergroundlawn+garden irrigation s7stem
3ommercial treatment M reuse s7stems
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Residential WastewaterReuse3ommerciall7 availa.le gre7water treatment M rec7cling
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Residential WastewaterReuse3ommerciall7 availa.le gre7water treatment M rec7cling
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Residential WastewaterReuse
3ustom designed s7stem in S7dne7, Australia
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Residential WastewaterReuse
Health7 Home S7stem in -oronto, 3anada
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Groundwater Recharge
California
FloridaSource: 2S EPA/ Guidelines 6or water
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Groundwater Recharge "Purposes
esta.lish saltwater intrusion .arriers
provide 6urther treatment 6or 6uture
reuse increase pota.le or nonpota.le a=ui6ers
provide storage o6 reclaimed water 6or
su.se=uent retrieval and reusecontrol or prevent ground su.sidence
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ess cost than e=uivalent sur6ace waterreservoirs
-he a=ui6er serves as an eventualnatural distri.ution s7stem
1o evaporation, taste and odor
pro.lems occurred in sur6ace reservoirsSuita.le sites 6or sur6ace waterreservoirs ma7 not .e availa.le or
environmentall7 accepta.le
Groundwater Recharge "Advantages
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E9tensive land areas ma7 .eneeded 6or spreading .asins
3osts 6or treatment, water =ualit7monitoring, andinLection+in
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1ot all recharged water ma7 .erecovera.le
H7drogeologic uncertainties ma7reduce the e?ectiveness o6 therecharge proLect in meeting watersuppl7 demand
5nade=uate institutional arrangementsor groundwater laws ma7 not protectwater rights
Groundwater Recharge imitations D0
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Source: 2S EPA/ Guidelines 6or
Groundwater Recharge -echni=ues
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-reatment %9idied, coagulated,
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3onclusions
an7 current uses 6or rec7cledwastewater
ar7ing levels o6 treatment re=uired
Pros: 3onserve pota.le water
Reduce e8uent to environment
3ons: Health M sa6et7 precautions necessar7 3are6ul planning needed
Potential 6or much greater use in 6uture
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Xuestions@