Environmental Management Strategies of Coastal City :
Case Study of Phuket, Thailand VS. Xiamen, China
Wannakiat Thubthimsang*1 and Liu Zhenghua*2
*1 Phuket Marine Biological Center
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand.
*2 Third Institute of Oceanography
State Oceanic Administration, China
Content
1. Rationale
2. Objective
3. Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand
4. Environmental Management Strategies of
Phuket
5. Lesson Learned from Environment
Management of Xiamen, China
6. Recommendation
7. Acknowledgement
Rationale
Coastal development
Increasing of tourists
Environment degradation
Lesson learned from Environmental management
of Xiamen, China
Map of Phuket, Thailand
Map of Xiamen, China
Objective
Comparative study of environmental management
strategy between Phuket, Thailand and Xiamen,
China
Recommendation of environmental management
strategy for coastal city
Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand
1. General information
- population 360,905 (2013)
(including immigrant 177,320 and legal foreign
labors 105,811)
- area 570.03 km2
2. Resources status
- mangrove 19.72 Km2
- sea grass 7.23 Km2
- coral reef 19.70 Km2
Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand (cont.)
3. Environmental Status
- water treatment 4 plants
- capacity 72,341 m3 / day
- water intake 54,526 m3 / day
- debris
- Stroker capacity 700 ton/day
- Sanitary landfill (maximum capacity)
* Stop operation
Environmental Management Strategy of Phuket
Constraints
1. over debris (land and sea)
2. capacity of debris and waste water treatment
3. law enforcement
4. local government and communities
participation
COAST LINE
Communities Hotel/Resort
RestaurantFishes
landing
Sources
Environmental Management Strategy of Phuket (Cont.)
Environmental Management Strategy
1. Promote the participation of local government and
communication for environmental management
2. upgrade the capability of the stakeholders in
environmental management
3. mobilize the local communities in environmental
management
4. monitor and rehabilitate the environment for sustainable
utilization
Meeting with communities and Focus group
Lesson learned from Environmental Management of
Xiamen, China
Causes of Marine Environmental Degradation in
Xiamen
Rapid industrialization and urbanization.
A system where economic agencies dominate
over environmental protection agencies.
Central government’s leak of capacity to
coordinate integrated marine environment
agenda.
Absence of incentives at the local level to
implement environmental and natural resources
protection policies .
Resources – use Conflicts
Use conflicts in coastal zone and marine space.
Conservation and economic activities.
Degradation of water quality.
Habitat degradation.
Environment disaster.
Overexploitation.
Introduce the ICM program at the demonstration site.
Strengthen the integrated coordination mechanism and facilitate the establishment of a regional coordination mechanism.
Evaluate existing ICM local legislation and refine as needed.
Enhance law enforcement and monitoring capacity.
Adjust the sea areas use scheme and promote the application of market-based instruments.
Priority Measures for Environment and Resources
Management
Priority Measures for Environmental and Resources
Management (Cont.)
Implement the “Blue Sea” action plan for controlling
marine pollution.
Strengthen scientific and technical support for ICM.
Continue implementing public information, education
and communication activities.
Explore sustainable financing mechanisms and
encourage public sector participation.
Promote the adoption of ICM in other coastal areas.
Key lessons learned from Xiamen experince
Environmental and resources management projects
are effective if there is political will and support from
the government, both national and local.
Linking scientists and other technical experts with the
political decision makers.
The ability of local citizens to contribute and improve
the conditions of their environment succeeds, based
on their awareness, training and willingness to take
action.
19
Recommendation
Environment Strategic Plan
Political Will
Legislation Participation
Researches and
knowledge
transferredZoning
Ecosystem and Environment
Rehabilitation
แหล่งท่องเทีย่วใตท้ะเล การด าน ้า Scuba diving
Acknowledgement
APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center,
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration,
China
National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)
Huaqiao University (HQU)
China Society for Southeast Asian Studies (CSSAS)
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