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By :
Agus Suherman (072 11 006)
Bany Aji Jufri
Fitrah Agung
Yoshua Wismoyo Gultom
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Etymology
The wordvolcano is thought to derive fromVulcano,
a volcanic island in theAeolian Islands of Italy
whose name in turn originates fromVulcan,
the name of a god offiresometimes spelledvulcanology.
in Roman mythology.
The study of volcanoes is calledvolcanology,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano7/27/2019 VULCANOLOGY agusss
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Vulcano
A place at the surface of the earth where magmatic material
from the depth erupts or has erupted in the past, usually forming a
mountain, more or less conical in shape with a crater in the top .
Volcano is both the place or opening from which molten rock or
gas, and generally both, issues from the earths interior onto the
surface, and the hill or mountain built up around the opening by
accumulation of the rock material
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Distribution and number of zoning volcano world
No Location Count No Location Count
01Eropa - Peg.
Kaukasus43 11 Alaska Kep. Aleutian 93
02 Afrika Laut Merah 136 12Canada USA bag.
barat91
03Timur Tengah
Samudera India49 13
Hawaii & Samudera
Pasifik24
04 Selandia Baru - Fiji 47 14Meksiko & Amerika
Tengah 109
05 Melanesia - Australia 86 15 Amerika Selatan 202
06Indonesia Kep.
Andaman141 16 India Barat 17
07Filipina Asia
Tenggara64 17
Eslandia & Lautan
Artik35
08Jepang, Taiwan,
Kep. Mariana131 18 Samudera Atlantik 35
09 &
10
Kep. Kuril,
Kamchatka &
Daratan Asia
192 19Antartika & Kep.
Sandwich31
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19 Regional distribution and gn.api world
the division of the earth's crustal plates
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Volcano_Map.png7/27/2019 VULCANOLOGY agusss
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Map_of_alaska_volcanoes_cleveland.jpg7/27/2019 VULCANOLOGY agusss
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Magma definition Viscous incandescent rocks that are still in the earth or been
thrown to the earth's surface (Macdonald, 1972). Magma that hasbeen out to the earth's surface is called lava.
Natural substance that all / most condensed form ofincandescent material which solidifies on cooling process form acrystalline igneous or gelasan (Williams & McBirney, 1979).
Fluid / silicate solution that is formed naturally fluorescent, easyto move, temperature 900 - 1000o C, coming from the bottom ofthe earth's crust - the earth's upper casing (Alzwar et al., 1988).
Material system which consists of multiple components of theliquid phase as the main component, a number of crystals assolid phase and gas phase under certain conditions.
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The origins of magma Results disintegration of radioactive elements (eg
238U, 40K, etc..)
Deformation due to melting rock below the surface (eggranite magma)
Earth's crust into subduction sheath earth (Ringwood,1974; Tatsumi et al., 1983).
Piercement earth sheathing materials (upwelling /plumbing mantle) is diapirik (Sisson & Bronto, 1998;Maruyama, 1999)
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Gn.api magma sources: asthenosphere,
Earth & sheath crust subduction
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(primary magmas) &
(differentiated magmas) Magma primary / primitive / stem: approaching the
earth sheath composition (rich in Fe, Mg, Ni and Ca /(Ca + Na + K). Example: high-Mg basalts
Derived magma: magma derived from the parent,because the process of differentiation becomesincreasingly poor Fe, Mg, Ni and Ca / (Ca + Na + K),the richer ttp Si, Al, Na and K. Example: the co-magmatic alteration of basalt to andesite magmabasalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite
Relationship with Bowen Reaction Series?
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Gn.api magma relationship with the general
tectonic settings Magma Series Toleit numerous in gn.api pd ocean
floor spreading
Calk-alkaline magma (Cretaceous Alkali) gn.apigenerally pertinent in subduction zones, ttp dpt dr THchanged gradually to High CA CA & further away fromthe subduction zone
Alkaline magmas are dominant in gn. fire continentalAdmittedly deviation occurs because of the
heterogeneity and the source of magmatism
Magma Petrogenesis need detailed research
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Tectonic Summary Grouping Order
by Type Generated volcano rocks