Volume 56, Number 1 April 2012Volume 56, Number 1 April 2012
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Mariners Weather LogISSN 0025-3367
U.S. Department of Commerce
Jane Lubchenco Ph.D.Under Secretary of Commerce for
Oceans and Atmosphere
National Weather ServiceDr. John "Jack" L. Hayes
NOAA Assistant Administrator for Weather Services
Editorial SupervisorPaula M. Rychtar
Layout and DesignLeigh Ellis
Articles, Photographs, and Letters should be sent to:
Ms. Paula M. Rychtar, Editorial SupervisorMariners Weather Log
NDBC (W/OPS 51)Bldg. 3203
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Phone: (228) 688-1818 Fax: (228) 688-3923
E-Mail: [email protected]
Some Important Web Page Addresses:
NOAA http://www.noaa.gov
National Weather Servicehttp://www.weather.gov
National Data Buoy Centerhttp://www.ndbc.noaa.gov
AMVER Program http://www.amver.com
VOS Program http://www.vos.noaa.gov
SEAS Program http://seas.amverseas.noaa.gov/
seas/seasmain.htmlMariners Weather Log
http://www.vos.noaa.gov/mwl.shtmlMarine Dissemination
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htmU.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/marcomms/
See these Web pages for further links.
On the cover: Whale SharkPhoto Courtesy of Andy Murch, Elasmodiver Shark and Ray Picture Database —http://elasmodiver.comBig Fish Photography Expeditions — http://big� shphotographyexpeditions.com
From the editorPaula Rychtar
Paula here and I have the “conn”.
Welcome to my fi rst issue of the Mariners Weather Log. I have some great ideas for our magazine and I do encourage input from all of you. First, I would like to give a loud and enthusiastic welcome aboard to our new Port Meteorological Offi cer, David Jones. Dave will be the new PMO for the New Orleans/Gulf Coast area; you can read his bio on Page 8. Dave will begin his responsibilities in March.
In this issue, we need to say farewell to one of our dear friends and a strong advocate of the U.S. VOS program, Dr. Bill Burnett. Dr. Bill Burnett has been selected as the new Technical Director of Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (CNMOC). This is a tremendous and well-deserved accomplishment for Bill, and I know that we are all very proud of him and happy for him. Bill’s departure is a loss to NDBC, VOS as well as the Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM). It will be very diffi cult to replace him. You can read his farewell story on page 8.
I hope you enjoy our featured cover story, Observer-based Whale Shark Research in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. This project holds a special place for me as I have volunteered to participate in this project, twice. The excitement of the pending sighting and swimming with one of these magnifi cent creatures is just incredible. Sad to say, both times, after the long drive to South Louisiana to muster for the very early morning boat trip, it was cancelled…due to what else…weather!
VOS is an international program as most of you know. With that, I would like to introduce you to Julie Fletcher, the Manager of Marine Observations for the Meteorological Service of New Zealand. Julie provided us with a great article giving notice to a project and the accomplishments for one of her fi nest ships, the MV VOLENDAM. I hope you enjoy her article and if this article sparks an interest in participating in the drifting buoy program, her contact and website for further information is included.
Congratulations to all of our VOS Annual Award Winners for 2011…as well as the 5 year and 10 year pennant recipients. The full list of award winners is included in this issue. BRAVO ZULU!
In conclusion, this edition will be the last in print. The cost of printing the MWL has become a costly event and one that I cannot justify with the budget constraints and concerns so looming throughout our agency. So after this issue, you will be sent a notifi cation that a beautiful digital high resolution edition of the Mariners Weather Log is awaiting you. This digital format will give you all the opportunity to print at your own leisure, if you so desire. It also provides a platform for more lengthy articles that I have had to turn down due to printing cost limitations. You will fi nd the digital form of the MWL located: http://www.vos.noaa.gov/mwl.shtml
~ Paula
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Observer-based whale shark research in the northern Gulf of Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
PMO Corner: Automated Weather Observations on the Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
US VOS welcomes aboard its newest PMO to New Orleans, David Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fairwell to Bill Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2011 Award Recipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Shipwreck: Dunav, Holmside, Prins Alexander . . . . . . . 10
Departments:Marine Weather Review
Mean Circulation Highlights and Climate Anomalies – September through December 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
North American Ice Service IcebergInformation and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NHC Offshore Marine Zone Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
MV Volendam Deploys Buoys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Gust Factor during Tropical Cyclones . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacifi c Areas September through December 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
VOS Program
VOS Program Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
VOS Program New Recruits: July 1 through October 31, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
VOS Cooperative Ship Report:January through December 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Points of Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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Whale shark research in the northern Gulf of Mexico has greatly expanded over the last decade, spearheaded in 2003 by the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory’s (GCRL) Whale Shark Sighting Survey (WSSS). Researchers at GCRL have used a variety of media (website, forum postings, Facebook, and news) in a vast effort to inform the public of the survey and data collection needs. Past participants have included recreational fishers and divers, charter fishing and diving operators, and members of the offshore petroleum industry.
Whale sharks have been documented in the northern GOM since 1939 when Dr. Eugene Gudger reported on anecdotal information collected from commercial mariners who encountered these animals while they were en route between the Florida Strait and Texas port cities (Gudger, 1939). Since the 1930’s, whale shark data has consisted primarily of isolated anecdotal reports or observations documented as an aside from field studies targeting other species such as marine mammals and sea turtles (Burks et. al. 2006) and seabirds (Hoffman et. al. 1981). After a chance encounter with whale sharks while on a research cruise, Jim Franks and Dr. Eric Hoffmayer initiated the GCRL WSSS in order to catalogue opportunistic sightings provided by anglers, mariners, divers and offshore industry personnel (Hoffmayer et al., 2005). Through the online survey, submitters provide information on their encounter, including date, time, location (preferably GPS coordinates), number of individuals, estimated length, observed behavior, associated species, and photographs. When underwater
photographs of the left side of the shark are submitted (specifically the region behind the gills), they are entered into the Ecocean photo-identification global database which analyzes the spot pattern, much like a fingerprint,
to determine if this shark has been previously sighted elsewhere in the world (www.whaleshark.org).
Between the years of 2002 – 2011, over 475 whale shark sightings have
Observer-based whale shark research in the northern Gulf of Mexico
By Jennifer McKinney of the Center for Fisheries Research and Development, University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory in Ocean Springs, MS
Figure 1. Annual reports submitted to the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Whale Shark Sighting Survey (WSSS) from
2002 – 2011. Survey can be found online at www.usm.edu/gcrl/whaleshark.
Figure 2. Distribution of whale shark sightings throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico from 2002 – 2011, submitted to the University of Southern Mississippi
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Whale Shark Sighting Survey (WSSS).
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been reported to the GCRL WSSS. About a third of the reports were of multiple animals; 5 or more animals were reported a total of 63 times. The number of annual reports received has increased drastically since the onset of the survey (Figure 1), and present coverage spans from Brownsville, Texas to southern Florida (Figure 2). Reports are predominantly received during the summer months, with 70% of sightings occurring from June through August (Figure 3).
Whale sharks can reach lengths up to 50’ and are easily distinguishable by their large size, broad head and unique spot pattern. They are often found feeding at the surface by swimming along with their large mouth open, consuming their small prey. Whale sharks feed primarily on plankton, but will also feed on schools of small fish, squid, or fish eggs. Whale sharks are solitary animals, but large groups (called aggregations) of these sharks
may occur in highly productive areas. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, aggregations of over 100 individuals have been reported (Figure 4). One of the most interesting interactions of whale sharks is the association with big game fish, such as yellowfin, bluefin and skipjack tunas, tripletail, dolphin, and cobia, which appear to be feeding on the same food source (e.g. small baitfish).
Studying whale sharks can be a difficult endeavor due to their pelagic habitat and highly migratory nature; the opportunities for scientific encounters are unpredictable, expensive, and weather dependent. Many of the sight ings repor ted come f rom individuals outside of the scientific community. These individuals, who frequent areas where whale sharks occur, are a valuable resource to understanding the biology and ecology of this species in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In the fall of 2011, a series of whale shark reports off the coast of Louisiana prompted researchers at GCRL, NOAA and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries to mobilize a collaborative tagging expedition and successfully deployed 10 satellite tags on whale sharks (Figure 5). This is the largest number of whale sharks tagged at one time in the northern Gulf of Mexico to-date. Satellite tags provide the opportunity to learn a great deal more about these animals than just survey data alone, such as temperature and depth preferences, and estimated movement patterns for up to 12 months at a time. Often locating these animals is the greatest challenge to tagging expeditions, but with the help of timely reports, scientists can effectively focus their efforts.
If you encounter a whale shark in the northern Gulf of Mexico, please participate in the ONLINE WHALE SHARK SIGHTINGS SURVEY. You can help biologists learn more about the occurrence and distribution of whale sharks in the region.
Whale Shark Research
Figure 3. Whale shark sightings by month reported to the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Whale Shark Sighting Survey
(WSSS) from 2002 – 2011.
Figure 4. Large aggregations of whale sharks have been documented in the northern Gulf of Mexico feeding at the surface on dense concentrations of fish
eggs. Over 90 sharks can be counted in this photo. Photo credit: Jennifer McKinney.
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Gulf Coast Research Laboratory biologists are extremely grateful for the sighting information provided thus far, and hope that the website will encourage submissions in the future!
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Figure 5. A satellite tag trails behind a whale shark tagged in the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2011. This type of tag can send real-time locations when the
animal surfaces. Photo Credit: Jesse Cancelmo.
Figure 6. Whale sharks are often seen in close proximity to petroleum
platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico, as seen in the water
reflection. This animal was spotted by fisherman about 80 miles off the Texas Coast, who reported
their encounter to the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast
Research Laboratory Whale Shark Sighting Survey. Photo Credit: Andy
Sykes.
ReFeRenCeS:
Burks, C. M., Driggers III, W. B., & Mullin, K. D. (2006). Observations of whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bulletin, 104, 579-584.
Gudger, E.W. (1939). The whale shark in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The Scientific Monthly, 48, 261-264.
Hoffman, W. T.H. Fritts, & R.P. Reynolds. (1981). Whale sharks associated with fish schools off south Texas. Northeast Gulf Science, 5(1), 55-57.
Hoffmayer, E.R., Franks, J.S., & Shelley, J.P. (2005). Recent observations of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the north central Gulf of Mexico. Gulf and Caribbean Research, 17, 117-120.
To Report a Sighting:Please complete the survey at
http://www.usm.edu/gcrl/whaleshark or email: [email protected]
Include: Time and duration of encounter
Location (GPS coordinates)Approximate size and number of individuals
Observed behaviorAssociated species
If possible, photographs of the spot pattern behind left gills
Also, “Like” us on Facebook www.facebook.com/whalesharkresearch
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PMO
Corner
PMO Corner: Automated Weather Observations on the Great Lakes
By.. PMO Ron Williams
On a recent trip across Lake Superior aboard the Central Marine Logistics Joseph L. Block , I was able to witness the workings of the FYF “For Your Forecast”, an automated weather observation program that was written by Captain Mike Grzesiek.
Over the past few years, after seeing many errors in coding manual observations, Captain Grzesiek decided to make a change in the way they would send in VOS weather observations. As he had prior experience as a computer programmer, he decided he would be able to write a computer program to capture all the necessary weather elements needed to transmit a successful automated observation.
First off, he had to teach himself the computer code needed to tie into the ships navigation system from the ships computer. This was needed as he would pull the true wind data from the onboard R.M Young anemometer. After many hours and weeks of staying up late with endless coffee, he finally came up with a program to do the job. He purchased an inexpensive Honeywell weather system, and was then able to utilize the barometer, temperature, and dewpoint from the system to connect to his program and the onboard navigation display. Due to the Great Lakes being on different heights for each of the Lakes, one of the largest hurdles the Captain ran into was how to calculate MSLP, as the ship transited each Lake. After three weeks of endless coding issues and much loss of sleep, he finally was able to have the program make the necessary height corrections as the ship would change elevation from each Lake. From here, Captain Grzesiek continued the tweak the program to the current version utilized today, which runs almost effortlessly aboard the Wilfred Sykes and Joseph L. Block.
While the system does a few bugs to work out, in regards to pressure readings and temperature, the system has been a large asset to National Weather Service Offices around the Great Lakes. With most months having a total of 700 plus observations, it provides us a “moving buoy” as the boats transit each of the Lakes, giving our forecasters the much needed weather data utilized to publish a marine weather forecast.
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US VOS Welcomes aboard its newest PMO to new Orleans, David Jones
Farewell to Bill Burnett
Dave is currently with the U.S. Navy at the Naval Oceanographic Office, Fleet Survey Team at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. He is a military hydrographer and leads a team to monitor marine inst rumentation worldwide. As the Fleet Technical Liaison/Program Manager at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center in San Diego, he led the management of meteorological and oceanographic sensors across the globe. On the USS John F. Kennedy, Dave managed a division of 17 meteorologists and oceanographers in weather forecast and observation duties. He also supervised maintenance act ivit ies for ship environmental equipment. Dave was the training and IT systems manager while stationed in Europe providing weather observation and IT training to staff. He was the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Remote
Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) manager providing maintenance and Quality Control. Dave has extensive marine forecast ability and a decade of decision support experience. He is certified in Disaster Preparedness, a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, Cisco Certified Network Associate, Advanced Open Water Diver, and a Bachelors of Marine Science Degree from the University of Southern Mississippi.
Dave is a native Floridian and is an avid scuba diver and sport fisherman. He learned to dive while living in Hawaii, and has enjoyed diving all over the world in the course of his travels. His most memorable dives have been on sunken Navy ships, notably the USS Spiegel Grove in Key Largo and USS Oriskany in Pensacola. Dave also enjoys
camping in his spare time with his wife and daughter. He has several pets, including four parrots and two dogs.
Welcome aboard!
We must bid farewell and offer congratulations to Dr. Bill Burnett in this issue of the MWL. Bill has been such a strong advocate for the U.S. VOS program and it is with a heavy heart that we see him go off to his next adventure. Bill has accepted the challenging position of Deputy/Technical Director with the U.S. Navy’s Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Bills position as NDBC Branch Chief for Data Management and Communications concluded on January 13, 2012. As Branch Chief, Bill provided support, guidance and expertise for all who had the pleasure of working with him. Bill was the Chair of the Task Team for Table Driven Codes (TT-TDC); Co-Chair of the Task Team for Instrument Best Practices (TT-IBP), International Tsunameter Panel (ITP), OceanSITES Data Management Team and the JCOMM Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) Science and Technical Workshop.
Fair Seas and following Winds, Bill…..
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2011 Award Recipients
2011 Award Recipients
Adventure Of The SeasAlaska Mariner Alaskan ExplorerAmerican CenturyAmsterdamAntwerpenAPL ChinaAPL KoreaAPL PearlArthur M. AndersonAtlantic FrontierAtlantic GraceAuroraAxel SpiritBerge NantongBernardo Quintana A. Carnival DestinyCelebrity CenturyCelebrity ConstellationCelebrity EclipseCelebrity EquinoxCelebrity InfinityCelebrity MillenniumCelebrity SilhouetteCelebrity SolsticeCelebrity SummitCharleston Express Discoverer Clear Leader Discoverer Deep Seas
Disney MagicDisney WonderEl YunqueEver Refine Front KatherineGeorge NGrandeur Of The SeasGrreen Dale Gretchen H GSF Grand Banks Ha Sklenar 729Henry Goodrich Horizon AnchorageHorizon NavigatorHorizon ProducerHorizon RelianceHorizon SpiritHorizon TraderIndependence Ii Integrity Jean AnneJoseph L. BlockMaasdamMaersk Georgia Maersk MissouriMaersk Ohio Maersl UtahMaersk Wyoming Marcus G. Langseth
MaunawiliMelvilleMidniGht SunNieuw AmsterdamNoordamNorwegian DawnNorwegian GemNorwegian JadeNorwegian JewelNorwegian PearlNorwegian Spirit Norwegian StarNorwegian SunOcean Mariner OosterdamOptimanaOriental QueenOverseas BostonOverseas JoyceOverseas Long BeachOverseas Los AngelesPatriot Paul GauguinPhiladelphia Express Polar EndeavourPolar ResolutionPosidanaRedoubt Roger Blough
Roger RevelleSaga NavigatorSea VoyagerSea-Land Eagle Sea-Land Mercury Sea-Land Racer Sinuk Splendour Of The SeasSt Louis Express Star FraserSuperstar LibraTustumena UBC Saiki UBC Santa Marta United SpiritVeendamVirginianVigilant VolendamWashington Express Westwood Rainier Wilfred SykesZaandamZuiderdam
Bravo Zulu to All !!!!
5 YEAR PENANT REcIPIENTSDisney MagicGSF Grand Banks Maersk Wyoming Norwegian SunOriental QueenSt Louis Express Tustumena
10 YEAR PENANT REcIPIENTSHorizon Producer
cOmPANY AWARdSCrowley Maritime Corp. Tropical Shipping
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Shipwreck: Dunav, Holmside, Prins Alexander By Skip Gillam
Vinland, Ontario, Canada
On any given day, there likely is a ship in trouble somewhere in the world. Despite all the modern navigational aids, up-to-date weather forecasts and improved safety standards, accidents still occur. I found it quite unusual that, on December 28, 1980, three ships, in three different parts of the world, all with Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway connections, were all lost.
The PRINS ALEXANDER was the oldest of the three former Seaway traders in trouble that day. It had served the Oranje Lijn of Holland from 1947 to 1969. The ship had been built at Hardinxveld, Netherlands, and launched on December 12, 1946. It was completed on March 25, 1947,
and soon began trading from Europe to the St. Lawrence and Saguenay River ports in Canada. At 352 feet, 5 inches in length, this vessel was too large to enter the Great Lakes until the St. Lawrence Seaway opened on April 25, 1959. PRINS ALEXANDER is shown down bound on Lake Huron off Port Huron, MI in a photo by Paul Michaels.
There were some problems in the early years with the rudder being lost on December 27, 1948, while about 105 miles south of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The tug GRENADIER brought the ship to Halifax under tow. Then, on June 9, 1963, there was a collision with the newly built laker SILVER ISLE in the St. Lawrence
River near Prescott, ON and PRINS ALEXANDER received repairs at Kingston.
After close to 40 trips to the Great Lakes, PRINS ALEXANDER was sold in 1969 moving to Greek registry as PROSPERITY. It was resold and renamed IOANNIS in 1970, IOANNIS B. in 1974, APOSTOLOS B. in 1977 and POLIAGOS in 1980. At 33 years of age, its days were numbered and the hull was reported as sold for scrap. The vessel was en route from Piraeus, Greece, to Giza, United Arab Republic, with a cargo of cement when it struck a reef off Shadwan Island on December 28, 1980, and sank in the Red Sea.
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Shipwreck
To the west , the CABI NDA, a Portuguese freighter, hit a jetty while inbound at Casablanca, Morocco, and foundered in the outer harbor. This was originally a British cargo carrier named HOLMSIDE. It had been launched at Aberdeen, Scotland, on May 21, 1959, and joined the Burnett Steamship Company for service between ports in the United Kingdom and those in Canada. The 396 foot long freighter made close to 40 visits through the St. Lawrence Seaway before it was sold in 1969.
It was damaged in a collision 60 miles east of Montreal on August 19, 1960, that sank BELLE ISLE II. Then, in December 1964, HOLMSIDE was damaged by ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and had some hull cracks when it arrived at Halifax on Christmas day. This vessel is shown in the Welland Canal in a photo by Ted Jones, courtesy of Barry Andersen.
Renamed CABINDA when sold to Portuguese interests in 1969, it operated on local routes around Western Europe. It was inbound, in ballast, from Lisbon, when it got caught by bad weather at Casablanca and nine members of the crew were lost.
The third ship, with Great Lakes connections, to be lost on December 28, 1980, was the Yugoslavian freighter DUNAV. The 585 foot, 5 inch long bulk carrier had been built at La Spezia, Italy, and launched on February 21, 1973. The hull was strengthened for the transportation of ore. It visited the Great Lakes, beginning in 1974, and is shown in the Welland Canal on September 20, 1977, from a photo by Tom Graham, courtesy of Barry Andersen.
DUNAV was en route from Hamilton, Ontario, to Tsingtao, China, via Los Angeles, when it ran into heavy weather on the Pacifi c. The Captain reported his ship was taking water in heavy seas off Central Japan, but that
was the last report. DUNAV failed to arrive and apparently foundered, with all hands, soon after the last call. All 31 sailors on board were lost.
Three saltwater ships, all with Great Lakes connections, all lost the same day, and 40 sailors perished.
Holmside
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Mea
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All anomalies reflect departures from the 1981-2010 base period.
September-October 2011
The 500-hPa circulation pattern over the Northern Hemisphere during September featured a zonal wave-4 anomaly pattern, with above average heights over the western North Pacific Ocean, westcentral Canada, Europe, and western Siberia. Below average heights were observed over the Gulf of Alaska, the eastern contiguous U.S., the far northern Atlantic, and southwestern Russia Figure 1. Over the Atlantic Ocean, the circulation reflected a strong positive phase (+1.8) of the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection pattern. The sea-level pressure (SLP) pattern resembled the mid-tropospheric pattern, and highlights unusually strong Aleutian and Icelandic Lows Figure 2.
The mid-tropospheric circulation pattern during October 2011 again featured a zonal wave-4 anomaly pattern, with above average heights over the central North Pacific, east-central Canada (centered over Hudson Bay), Europe, and central Russia. Below average heights were observed over eastern Siberia, the Gulf of Alaska, and the eastern contiguous U.S., and the high latitudes of the North Atlantic Figure 3. The SLP map again largely mirrored the mid-tropospheric pattern, with the larger anomalies pole ward of 50N latitude Figure 4.
The TropicsLa Nina conditions strengthened during September and October 2011 as sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were below -0.5C across much of the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean. The
latest monthly SST indices for the Nino 3.4 region were -0.7C (September) and -1.0C (October). The oceanic thermocline, measured by the depth of the 20C isotherm, was shallower than average across this same area, with subsurface temperatures reaching 1-3C below average in September, and 1-5C below average in October. Atmospheric convection was enhanced over the western equatorial Pacific, and suppressed near the Date Line and south of the Equator in September. In October, convection remained suppressed near the Date Line but was near average over Indonesia, which reflected the effect of the intraseasonal oscillation. Equatorial low level easterly trade wind anomalies and upper level westerly wind anomalies remained stronger than average over the central Pacific (September) and western Pacif ic (October). Collectively, the atmospheric and oceanic anomalies reflect a strengthening of La Nina conditions that developed during August.
The 2011 Atlantic hurricane season continued to be active, with Tropical Storm Lee making landfall along the Louisiana coast on September 4th. Lee then moved along a frontal boundary into the Ohio
Valley and eventually into the Northeast. The stor m brought much needed precipitation to the drought stricken Gulf Coast (as much as 25-38 cm over a large area), and produced a second area of extremely heavy rainfall (25-50 cm) along the Mid-Atlantic and southern New England coasts (Reference 1). The rain over the Mid-Atlantic States fell over areas that had experienced a wet summer, including significant rains from Hurricane Irene less than two weeks before. This led to major flooding along the Susquehanna River, which in some areas broke high
water records that were set nearly 40 years earlier in the aftermath of Hurricane Agnes (1972).
november-December 2011The 500hPa circulation pattern during November 2011 featured above average heights over the central North Pacific, the northeastern CONUS, Europe, and eastern Asia. Below average heights were observed from eastern Siberia and Alaska to western Canada, the far northern Atlantic, and southwestern and central Russia (Figure 5). The sea level pressure and anomaly map (Figure 6) displays a similar pattern to that of the 500hPa circulation.
The month of December was characterized by above average heights over the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and below average heights over the North Polar Region (Figure 7). The SLP and anomaly field (Figure 8) largely mirrored the mid tropospheric circulation pattern.
An unusually strong autumn storm affected western Alaska on November 9-10 (Reference 2). After developing southeast of Japan on November 7th, it intensified as it moved across the northern Pacific towards the Bering Sea and western Alaska. The storm’s central pressure dropped close to 50hPa in 24 hours, reaching a minimum pressure of 944hPa. Waves to 10.7 meters and wind of 87 kts were recorded offshore as the storm approached. Hurricane force winds and blizzard conditions affected coastal Alaska. Storm surges of up to 3 m affected communities along Alaska’s west coast causing flooding, some structural damage and property loss. An ice zone connected to land had not yet developed to reduce
Mean Circulation Highlights and Climate AnomaliesSeptember through December 2011
By Anthony Artusa, Meteorologist, Climate Operations Branch, Climate Prediction Center NCEP/NWS/NOAA
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Mean C
irculation Highlights and C
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References
1. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2011/9
2. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2011/11
Much of the information used in this article originates from the Climate Diagnostics Bulletin archive:(http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/CDB/CDB_Archive_html/CDB_archive.shtml)
the impact of large waves buffeting the coast.
The Tropics La Nina conditions continued during November and December, as SST anomalies were well below -0.5C across the eastern and central equatorial Pacific. The latest monthly Nino 3.4 indices were -1.1C (November) and -1.0C (December). The oceanic thermocline remained shallower than average across the east-central equatorial Pacific, and corresponding sub-surface temperatures ranged from 1-5C below-average. Deep cloudiness and thunderstorm activity near the equator was enhanced over Indonesia and northern Australia, and was suppressed near the Date Line. Equatorial low-level easterly trade winds remained stronger than average over the western and central Pacific. Collectively, these atmospheric and oceanic anomalies reflect a continuation of La Nina conditions.
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Figures 1,3,5,7 northern Hemisphere mean and
anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean heights
are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 6 dam. Anomaly
contour interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are calculated as departures
from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.
Figures 2,4,6,8 northern Hemisphere mean and
anomalous sea level pressure (CDAS/Reanalysis). Mean values are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 4 hPa. Anomaly contour interval is indicated by shading. Anomalies are
calculated as departures from the 1981-2010 base period monthly means.
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The North American Ice Service (NAIS), a partnership comprised of the International Ice Patrol (IIP), the Canadian Ice Service (CIS), and the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), provides year-round maritime safety information on iceberg and sea ice conditions in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, Canada. The daily NAIS Iceberg Limit, valid at 0000Z, along with the daily Sea Ice Limit, valid for 100 EST the previous day, will be distributed as a NAVAREA IV warning in the format of a text Iceberg Bulletin and as a graphic Iceberg Chart in accordance with Table 1.
The purpose of the NAIS Iceberg Bulletin and Chart is to advise mariners of the estimated iceberg extent within the region. On the Chart, numbers within each grid sector inside the Iceberg Limit are intended to provide mariners an awareness of the relative density of icebergs. For more information on the Iceberg Bulletin and Iceberg Chart visit http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/iipCharts. NAIS reconnaissance is focused near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, ice conditions south of Greenland are not monitored by NAIS. (For iceberg conditions south of Greenland visit the Danish Meteorological Institute’s website at http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/en/gronland/iskort.htm.) While NAIS strives to be as accurate as possible in reporting the presence of icebergs to mariners, it is not possible to ensure that all icebergs are detected and reported. There is no substitute for due vigilance and prudent seamanship, especially when operating near sea ice and icebergs.
Reports of icebergs in the North Atlantic originate from various sources, including passing ships, reconnaissance flights, and spaceborne reconnaissance. Once position, time, size, and shape of icebergs sighted are received, the data is entered into a computer model that predicts iceberg drift and deterioration. As the time after sighting increases, so does the uncertainty in estimated positions. This uncertainty is taken into account when the Iceberg Limit is determined.
If an iceberg or radar target is detected and reported outside the published NAIS Iceberg Limit, a Notice to Shipping (NOTSHIP) will be sent by the Canadian Coast Guard Marine Communications and
Traffic Service (MCTS) and an urgent NAVAREA IV message will be distributed on SafetyNET via the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) as the NAVAREA IV Coordinator. These warnings will remain in effect for 24 hours. Iceberg products will be revised shortly after notification between 1200Z and 0000Z or by 1400Z if reported between 0000Z and 1200Z.
Ships are encouraged to immediately report sightings of icebergs or stationary radar targets that may likely be icebergs to the nearest Canadian Coast Guard MCIS Station or through INMARSAT using Service Code 42, as there is no charge when using this code. See Table 2 for MCIS contact information. Vessels participating in a Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program should continue to report weather and sea surface temperature (STT) to their respective programs. Vessels interested in providing weather and SST reports to U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s VOS program can contact [email protected] or visit www.vos.noaa.gov for guidance.
When making iceberg reports, please include SHIP NAmE and cALL SIGN, ZULU TImE, SHIP POSITION (latitude, longitude), (Specify either the geographic coordinates or range/bearing from ship’s position), ZULU TImE OF SIGHTING, mETHOd OF dETEcTION (Visual, Radar, or Both), LENGTH (in meters), SHAPE OF IcEBERG (See Table 3), and VESSEL cONTAcT INFORmATION.
The North American Ice Service (NAIS), a partnership comprised of the International Ice Patrol (IIP), the Canadian Ice Service (CIS), and the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), provides year-round maritime safety information on iceberg and sea ice conditions in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, Canada. The daily NAIS Iceberg Limit, valid at 0000Z, along with the daily Sea Ice Limit, valid for 1100 EST the previous day, will be distributed as a NAVAREA IV warning in the format of a text Iceberg Bulletin and as a graphic Iceberg Chart in accordance with Table 1.
The purpose of the NAIS Iceberg Bulletin and Chart is to advise mariners of the estimated iceberg extent within the region. On the Chart, numbers within each grid sector inside the Iceberg Limit are intended to provide mariners an awareness of the relative density of icebergs. For more information on the Iceberg Bulletin and Iceberg Chart visit http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/iipCharts. NAIS reconnaissance is focused near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, ice conditions south of Greenland are not monitored by NAIS. (For iceberg conditions south of Greenland visit the Danish Meteorological Institute’s website at http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/en/gronland/iskort.htm.) While NAIS strives to be as accurate as possible in reporting the presence of icebergs to mariners, it is not possible to ensure that all icebergs are detected and reported. There is no substitute for due vigilance and prudent seamanship, especially when operating near sea ice and icebergs.
Reports of icebergs in the North Atlantic originate from various sources, including passing ships, reconnaissance flights, and spaceborne reconnaissance. Once position, time, size, and shape of icebergs sighted are received, the data is entered into a computer model that predicts iceberg drift and deterioration. As the time after sighting increases, so does the uncertainty in estimated positions. This uncertainty is taken into account when the Iceberg Limit is determined.
If an iceberg or radar target is detected and reported outside the published NAIS Iceberg Limit, a Notice to Shipping (NOTSHIP) will be sent by the Canadian Coast Guard
Marine Communications and Traffic Service (MCTS) and an urgent NAVAREA IV message will be distributed on SafetyNET via the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) as the NAVAREA IV Coordinator. These warnings will remain in effect for 24 hours. Iceberg products will be revised shortly after notification between 1200Z and 0000Z or by 1400Z if reported between 0000Z and 1200Z.
Ships are encouraged to immediately report sightings of icebergs or stationary radar targets that may likely be icebergs to the nearest Canadian Coast Guard MCTS Station or through INMARSAT using Service Code 42, as there is no charge when using this code. See Table 2 for MCTS contact information. Vessels participating in a Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program should continue to report weather and sea surface temperature (SST) to their respective programs. Vessels interested in providing weather and SST reports to U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s VOS program can contact [email protected] or visit www.vos.noaa.gov for guidance.
When making iceberg reports, please include SHIP NAME and CALL SIGN, ZULU TIME, SHIP POSITION (latitude, longitude), COURSE, SPEED, VISIBILITY, ICEBERG/RADAR TARGETS POSITION(Specify either the geographic coordinates or range/bearing from ship’s position), ZULU TIME OF SIGHTING, METHOD OF DETECTION (Visual, Radar, or Both), LENGTH (in meters), SHAPE OF ICEBERG (See Table 3), and VESSEL CONTACT INFORMATION.
International Ice Patrol in New London, CT Phone: (860) 271-2626 Toll free: (877) 423-7287 Fax: (860) 271-2773 Email: [email protected] Web: http//www.navcen.uscg.gov/IIP Office hours: 1200Z – 0000Z
Canadian Ice Service in Ottawa, ON Phone: (877) 789-7733 Fax: (560) 451-6010 Email: [email protected] Web: http//www.ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca Office Hours: 0730 – 1730 EST
NORTH AMERICAN ICE SERVICE ICEBERG INFORMATION AND SERVICES
Iceb
erg
Info
rmat
ion
TABLE 1: NAIS BROADCASTS
Product Type
Transmission Means
Broadcast Station
Broadcast Time (UTC) Frequencies (kHz) or Location
NAIS NAVAREA IV ICEBERG BULLETIN
SafetyNET Broadcasts as NAVAREA IV messages
AOR-W Satellite
1000, 2200
SafetyNET
Urgent Broadcasts of
targets outside limit sent upon receipt
NAVTEX Broadcast
Canadian CG Marine
Communications and Traffic Service St. John's/VON
1820 (Winter) 2220 (Summer) (Changes with
DST)
518 F1B Urgent Broadcasts of
targets outside limit sent upon receipt
SITOR/NBDP Broadcast
USCG Communication
Station Boston/NMF
0140-0230 6314, 8416.5, 12579 FIB
1630-1720 08416.5, 12579, 16806.5 FIB
Internet
International Ice Patrol Website
updated daily by 2200
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/IIP
Automated Email https://radioaid.rdc.uscg.gov/mailman/listi
nfo/iceberg_bulletinNational
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Website
http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal
NAIS ICEBERG CHART
Radio Facsimile Broadcast
USCG Communication
Station Boston/NMF
0438, 1039 4235, 6340.5, 9110 F3C
1600, 2239 6340.5, 9110, 12750 F3C
Offenbach, Germany via Pinneberg/DDK
0930, 2100 3855, 7880, 13882.5 F1C
Canadian CG Marine
Communications and Traffic Service
Sydney/VCO
1741 6915.10 J3C
Internet
International Ice Patrol Website
Updated daily by 2200
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/IIP
Automated Email https://radioaid.rdc.uscg.gov/mailman/listi
nfo/iceberg_chartNational Weather
Service Website
http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/fax/PIEA88.gif
Email On Demand* [email protected]
FICN10
Radio Telephone
Canadian CG Marine
Communications and Traffic Service St. Anthony/VCM
0107, 0907, 1907 & as required
2589 J3E
continuous VHF Channel 21B & 83B
*To prompt email on demand send an e-mail to [email protected] with any subject line. The body of the text should read as follows (please note the text is case sensitive and must be sent in plain text format): open cd fax get PIEA88.gif ---or--- get PIEA88.TIF quit The e-mail server will then automatically send a GIF or TIF formatted image of the facsimile back to the sender’s e-mail address.
TABLE 2: REPORT RECEIVING STATIONS
The following Canadian Coast Guard Marine Communications & Traffic Service (MCTS) Centers (Receiving Stations) monitor
and transmit on VHF 16 & HF 2182 J3E:
Bold indicates the Coast Guard Radio call name.
Visit http://www.vos.noaa.gov/vos_resource.shtml for instructions on sending INMARSAT 2-digit access code reports. For all iceberg reports use access code 42.
TABLE 3: ICEBERG SHAPES
Non-Tabular: This general shape category includes blocky, pinnacle, dry dock, wedged, dome, or any iceberg that does not meet characteristics of a tabular iceberg.
Tabular: Flat-topped, most show horizontal banding.
St. Johns NL (VON) Email: [email protected] Phone: 709-772-2106
St. Anthony NL (VCM) Email: [email protected] Phone: 709-454-3852
Labrador NL (VOK) Email: [email protected] Phone: 709-896-2252
Placentia NL (VCP) Email: [email protected] Phone: 709-227-2181
Port aux Basques NL (VOJ) Email: [email protected] Phone: 709-695-2167
Sydney NS (VCO) Email: [email protected]: 902-564-7751
Dartmouth/Halifax NS (VCS) Email: [email protected] Phone: 902-426-9750
Saint John/Fundy NB (VAR) Email: [email protected] Phone: 506-636-4696
The North American Ice Service (NAIS), a partnership comprised of the International Ice Patrol (IIP), the Canadian Ice Service (CIS), and the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), provides year-round maritime safety information on iceberg and sea ice conditions in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, Canada. The daily NAIS Iceberg Limit, valid at 0000Z, along with the daily Sea Ice Limit, valid for 1100 EST the previous day, will be distributed as a NAVAREA IV warning in the format of a text Iceberg Bulletin and as a graphic Iceberg Chart in accordance with Table 1.
The purpose of the NAIS Iceberg Bulletin and Chart is to advise mariners of the estimated iceberg extent within the region. On the Chart, numbers within each grid sector inside the Iceberg Limit are intended to provide mariners an awareness of the relative density of icebergs. For more information on the Iceberg Bulletin and Iceberg Chart visit http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/iipCharts. NAIS reconnaissance is focused near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the east coast of Labrador, ice conditions south of Greenland are not monitored by NAIS. (For iceberg conditions south of Greenland visit the Danish Meteorological Institute’s website at http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/en/gronland/iskort.htm.) While NAIS strives to be as accurate as possible in reporting the presence of icebergs to mariners, it is not possible to ensure that all icebergs are detected and reported. There is no substitute for due vigilance and prudent seamanship, especially when operating near sea ice and icebergs.
Reports of icebergs in the North Atlantic originate from various sources, including passing ships, reconnaissance flights, and spaceborne reconnaissance. Once position, time, size, and shape of icebergs sighted are received, the data is entered into a computer model that predicts iceberg drift and deterioration. As the time after sighting increases, so does the uncertainty in estimated positions. This uncertainty is taken into account when the Iceberg Limit is determined.
If an iceberg or radar target is detected and reported outside the published NAIS Iceberg Limit, a Notice to Shipping (NOTSHIP) will be sent by the Canadian Coast Guard
Marine Communications and Traffic Service (MCTS) and an urgent NAVAREA IV message will be distributed on SafetyNET via the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) as the NAVAREA IV Coordinator. These warnings will remain in effect for 24 hours. Iceberg products will be revised shortly after notification between 1200Z and 0000Z or by 1400Z if reported between 0000Z and 1200Z.
Ships are encouraged to immediately report sightings of icebergs or stationary radar targets that may likely be icebergs to the nearest Canadian Coast Guard MCTS Station or through INMARSAT using Service Code 42, as there is no charge when using this code. See Table 2 for MCTS contact information. Vessels participating in a Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program should continue to report weather and sea surface temperature (SST) to their respective programs. Vessels interested in providing weather and SST reports to U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s VOS program can contact [email protected] or visit www.vos.noaa.gov for guidance.
When making iceberg reports, please include SHIP NAME and CALL SIGN, ZULU TIME, SHIP POSITION (latitude, longitude), COURSE, SPEED, VISIBILITY, ICEBERG/RADAR TARGETS POSITION(Specify either the geographic coordinates or range/bearing from ship’s position), ZULU TIME OF SIGHTING, METHOD OF DETECTION (Visual, Radar, or Both), LENGTH (in meters), SHAPE OF ICEBERG (See Table 3), and VESSEL CONTACT INFORMATION.
International Ice Patrol in New London, CT Phone: (860) 271-2626 Toll free: (877) 423-7287 Fax: (860) 271-2773 Email: [email protected] Web: http//www.navcen.uscg.gov/IIP Office hours: 1200Z – 0000Z
Canadian Ice Service in Ottawa, ON Phone: (877) 789-7733 Fax: (560) 451-6010 Email: [email protected] Web: http//www.ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca Office Hours: 0730 – 1730 EST
NORTH AMERICAN ICE SERVICE ICEBERG INFORMATION AND SERVICES
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Background
In an ongoing effort to improve marine forecast services, the National Hurricane Center/Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (NHC/TAFB) in Miami, Florida will make changes to the Offshore Marine Zones. These changes will affect the Offshore Waters Forecasts (MIAOFFNT3 and MIAOFFNT4), as well as the NAVTEX and High Frequency Voice Broadcast (VOBRA) forecasts. Effective April 3, 2012, all offshore marine forecasts warnings will be based on the new zone configuration.
Impact on the Offshore Waters Forecasts
current ZonesFour times per day, NHC/TAFB marine forecasters issue Offshore Waters marine forecasts for nine large zones covering the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and portions of the Western Atlantic Ocean south 31° North. The configuration of the Offshore Waters Marine Zones is shown on the map below (Offshore Water Marine Zones are shown in blue, and Coastal Waters Marine Zones are shown in light tan).
There are usually several distinct weather regimes present in a marine zone. However, the large sizes of these zones occasionally make it difficult to describe the various nuances in the forecast without leading to lengthy and complex wording. Furthermore, the large zone size complicates how marine warnings are depicted on websites such as weather.gov. Marine warnings are currently displayed over the entire marine zone. This usually results in a graphical warning area on the web site that is much larger than what is intended and conflicts with how the warning is described in the forecast text. Smaller marine zones would alleviate this problem to an extent. Eventually, marine warnings will be depicted more precisely as polygons.
Proposed ZonesIn an effor t to improve how marine forecasts are communicated, marine forecasters at the NHC/TAFB have been gathering input from the marine community to reconfigure the Offshore Waters Marine Zones. The intent has been to design smaller marine zones that take into account local marine weather effects, as well as geographic features
such as national boundaries or major latitude/longitude lines. An initial proposal of the configuration was presented in late 2009 and through 2010. The marine community not only overwhelmingly supported breaking the existing zones into smaller areas, but offered very insightful suggestions for modifying the boundaries of the proposed marine zones. This feedback has been incorporated into the present zone configuration proposal as shown in Figure 2.
nHC Offshore Marine Zone Changes:Offshore Marine Zone Configurations effective April 3, 2012
By Chris Fakes, Houston PMO For more information on service change notice, please go to the NWS National Hurricane Center
http://www.weather.gov/os/notif.htm
Offshore M
arine Zone Changes
Figure 1. existing Offshore Zone Configuration.
Figure 2. Proposed Offshore Zone configuration.
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Offs
hore
Mar
ine
Zone
Cha
nges
UGC Offshore Marine Zone Name
AMZ011 Tropical n Atlantic from 15n to 19n between 55W and 60W
AMZ013 Caribbean n of 18n between 76W and 85W including the Cayman Basin
AMZ015 Caribbean approaches to the Windward Passage>
AMZ017 Gulf of Honduras
AMZ019 Caribbean from 15n to 18n between 80W and 85W
AMZ021 Caribbean from 15n to 18n between 72W and 80W
AMZ023 Caribbean n of 15n between 64W and 72W
AMZ025 Offshore Waters Leeward Islands
AMZ027 Tropical Atlantic from 15n to 19n between 55W and 60W
AMZ029 W Central Caribbean from 11n to 15n W of 80W
AMZ031 Caribbean from 11n to 15n between 72W and 80W including Colombia Basin
AMZ033 Caribbean S of 15n between 64W and 72W including Venezuela Basin
AMZ035 Offshore waters Windward Islands including Trinidad and Tobago
AMZ037 Tropical Atlantic from 07n to 15n between 55W and 60W
AMZ039 Southwest Caribbean S of 11n including approaches to the Panama Canal
AMZ111 Atlantic from 27n to 31n W of 77W
AMZ113 Atlantic from 27n to 31n between 70W and 77W
AMZ115 Atlantic from 27n to 31n between 65W and 70W
AMZ117 Bahamas n of 22n including the Cay Sal Bank
AMZ119 Atlantic from 22n to 27n e of Bahamas to 70W
AMZ121 Atlantic from 22n to 27n between 65W and 70W
AMZ123 Atlantic S of 22n W of 70W including approaches to the Windward Passage
UGC Offshore Marine Zone Name
AMZ080 SW n Atlantic S of 31n W of 65W including Bahamas
AMZ082 nW Caribbean n of 15n W of 75W
AMZ084 SW Caribbean S of 15n W of 75W
AMZ086 Caribbean e of 75W to the Windward and Leeward Islands
AMZ087 Tropical n Atlantic from 07n to 22n between 55W and 65W
GMZ080 nW Gulf n of 25n W of 90W including the Flower Garden Banks Marine Sanctuary
GMZ082 SW Gulf S of 25n W of 90W
Marine Zone Names and Universal Geographic Codes (UGC’s)
Current Offshore Marine Zones
Proposed Offshore Marine Zones
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Although not technically marine zones, the Synopsis paragraphs also have assigned UGC’s. Current and proposed names and codes are shown below:
Offshore M
arine Zone ChangesUGC Synopsis Name
AMZ089 Synopsis for the Caribbean and Tropical n Atlantic from 07n to 22n between 55W and 65W
AMZ088 Synopsis for the SW n Atlc including the Bahamas
GMZ089 Synopsis for the Gulf of Mexico
UGC Synopsis Name
AMZ001 Synopsis for the Caribbean and Tropical n Atlantic from 07n to 19n between 55W and 65W
AMZ101 Synopsis for the SW n Atlantic including the Bahamas
GMZ001 Synopsis for the Gulf of Mexico
Current Synopses
Proposed Synopses
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MV
VOLE
NDA
M D
eplo
ys B
uoys MV VOLenDAM Deploys Buoys
Julie Fletcher, Manager Marine ObservationsMeteorological Service of New Zealand
Holland America cruise ship MV VOLENDAM is a member of the US VOS. This ship maintains an excellent reporting programme often sending up to 500 observations (OBs) per month.In recent years the ship has spent the northern summers cruising in Canadian and Alaskan waters, and the southern summers in the South Pacifi c voyaging around Australia and New Zealand. In addition to their regular OBs
programme which includes reports on the NZ coast, MV VOLENDAM has also assisted MetService NZ with the deployment of a number of meteorological drifting buoys in the Tasman Sea. Reports from buoys supplement the observations received from ships, and whilst ships quickly voyage through an area, buoys drift only slowly and continuously transmit hourly air pressure and sea surface temperature data via satellite. Data
on ocean currents is derived from the drift of a buoy. MV VOLENDAM fi rst deployed buoys in November 2008, and each subsequent summer the ship has offered the opportunity to deploy buoys on their Tasman Sea crossings. In early February 2012, the ship deployed 4 buoys on their voyage from Burnie (Tasmania) to Milford South (NZ).
In total , MV VOLENDAM has deployed eleven buoys in the Tasman
2/O Rienus Hazelman and 2/O Folkert Visser deploying a MetOcean buoy at 42º S 153 º e on 4-Feb-2012
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Sea over the last four summers. This ship has keenly supported the buoy programme and has actively sought buoys for deployment. The Masters, Captains Pieter Visser and Peter Bos, the officers and crew have all been helpful in loading and deploying these buoys. This is an extra job in an already busy work schedule, but the offi cers are keen to assist because they understand that buoy data and their met OBs helps forecasters to prepare more accurate forecasts for mariners.
Prior to arrival at the pre-arranged buoy deployment locations, the Master said that he made an announcement to advise the passengers that a buoy deployment was imminent. He also provided a brief explanation about the buoy programme and why deployments are necessary. This information demonstrates to the passengers that cruise ships are involved in scientifi c programmes.
Typical ly a buoy consists of a surface f loat and a drogue in one parcel weighing about 22kg. Before deployment the plastic wrapping is removed and the buoy is activated by removal of a magnet. The buoy is then deployed from the lowest stern deck. Sadly the cruise schedule for MV VOLENDAM is changing next year and this ship will not be returning to NZ waters. MetService is hopeful that the replacement ship will be willing to provide future deployment opportunities.
For more information about the global buoy programme, visit:http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/index.php
MV VO
LENDA
M D
eploys Buoys
3/O Adam Wilson and cadet Charles Pagler getting ready to deploy a buoy on 4-Feb-2012
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Gust Factor during Tropical CyclonesProfessor S. A. Hsu, Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University
Email: [email protected]
Gus
t Fac
tor
Abstract: In 2011 during Tropical Storm Lee, for the first time, we had 21 overwater stations measuring both sustained wind speed and gust. The anemometer height ranged from 5 m (16 ft) to 160 m (525 ft) and sustained wind speed from 25 to 51 knots. Analyses of these measurements show that the average gust factor (GF=gust/sustained wind speed) is 1.27. Since this value does not vary significantly with both height and sustained wind speed, it further supports the so-called 30 % overwater GF rule for operational applications.
1. Introduction
According to Geer (1996), a gust is a sudden brief increase in the wind speed, typically of less than 20-second duration. The gust factor (GF) = gust/sustained wind speed, for example, a 5 second gust within a 2 minute period. GF is important for search and rescue mission, wind energy assessment and wind loading on offshore structures. The purpose of this study is to provide the operational community with the answers to the following questions, particularly during tropical cyclones: What is the average value of overwater GF? Does GF vary with height and sustained wind speed? Does GF vary from one side of the storm track to the other? And, can we apply the GF knowledge gained onshore for offshore application? Due to insufficient data prior to Tropical Storm Lee in 2011, these questions could not be answered satisfactory.
2. Analyses and Results
During Tropical Storm Lee in 2011, we had 21 overwater stations measuring both sustained wind speed and gust as shown in Table 1 (see Brown, 2011 in www.nhc.noaa.gov). These stations
were located in the northern Gulf of Mexico on both sides of the storm track (see www.ndbc.noaa.gov). The anemometer height ranged from 5 m (16 ft) to 160 m (525 ft) and sustained wind speed from 25 to 51 knots. The variation of GF with height is provided in Fig.1, which illustrates that the GF does not change systematically with height as compare to that over land as shown in Fig. 2 (based on the datasets provided in Merceret, 2009). Variations of the GF with sustained wind speed for offshore and onshore are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively, illustrating that the variation of GF on the sustained wind speed is rather weak for offshore than onshore. Some physical reasons are provided as follows:
According to Hsu and Blanchard (2004), for overwater turbulence intensity applications,
GF = 1 + 5 U*/U10 (1) Where U* is the friction velocity and U10 is the sustained wind speed at 10 m. Furthermore, according to Hsu (2004), under hurricane conditions,
U*/U10 = 0.054 (2)Substituting Equation (2) into (1), we getGF = 1.270 (3)
This value is in excellent agreement with that of 1.273 as provided in Table 1. Note that, since the standard deviation (s.d.) for the GF is 0.11 and the coefficient of variation (cov =s.d./mean) is 8.6% (which is within the 10 % error margin for the field accuracy in wind speed measurements, see www.ndbc.noaa.gov), we can say that the overwater GF does not vary with height for operational use. Furthermore, based on Equation (3) and Table 1, GF is very close to the commonly referred 30% rule for offshore applications.
3. Conclusions
On the basis of foregoing analyses, it can be concluded that the average overwater gust factor value is approximately 1.3 or the gust is about 30 % higher than the sustained wind speed. Since this value does not vary with height, sustained wind speed, and on both sides of the storm track, this 30 % rule for the overwater gust factor is recommended for operational use.
References
Brown, D. P., 2011: Tropical Cyclone Report, Tropical Storm Lee (AL132011), 2-5 September 2011 (see www.nhc.noaa.gov).
Geer, I. W., Editor, 1996: Glossary of Weather and Climate. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
Hsu, S. A., 2004: A wind-wave interaction explanation for Jelesnianski’s open-ocean storm surge estimation using Hurricane Georges’ (1998) measurements. National Weather Digest, 28, 25-31.
Hsu, S. A., and B. W. Blanchard, 2004: Estimating overwater turbulence intensity from routine gust factor measurements. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 43, 1911-1916.
Merceret, F. J., 2009: Two empirical models for gust factors near land-falling hurricanes. National Weather Digest, 33, 27-35.
April 2012 ~ M
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Gust Factor
Fig$ 1$ 'er*cal .aria*on of o2shore gust
factor during Tropical Storm Lee in 2011
0
200
400
600
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000
Gust Factor = Gust/Sustained wind speed
Heig
ht
in feet
Series1
Fig$ 2$ 'er*ca- .aria*on of onshore gust factor
during Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004
y = 1971.1x‐7.9602
R2 = 0.9439
0
200
400
600
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Gust Factor = Gust/Sustained wind speed
Height in feet
Series1
Power
(Series1)
Fig$ &$ 'aria*on o- o.s0ore gust -actor wit0 wind
speed during Tropical Storm Lee in2011
y = 3.6705x‐0.2922
R2 = 0.3144
0.000
1.000
2.000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Sustained wind speed in knots
Gust Factor
Series1
Power
(Series1)
Fig$ 4$ 'aria*on o- ons/ore gust -actor wit/ wind
speed during Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in
2004
y = 4.1245x‐0.3047
R2 = 0.5180
2
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Sustained wind speed in knots
Gust Factor
Series1
Power
(Series1)
Table 1. Measurements of maximum sustained wind speed and gust during Tropical Storm
Lee in 2011 =Data source?BrownAs Tropical Cyclone Report, NaGonal Hurricane CenterI.
Offshore Anemometer Max sustained Gust, kts Gust factor Anemometer
StaGon height, m wind speed, kts height, P
Buoy 42067 5 31 39 1.258 16
Buoy 42040 10 33 43 1.303 33
KHQI 18 36 43 1.194 59
MRSL1 23 35 46 1.314 75
PSTL1 24 37 50 1.351 79
KVBS 26 44 52 1.182 85
KVNP 26 34 46 1.353 85
KEHC 29 42 49 1.167 95
KCMB 30 44 53 1.205 98
KSPR 30 31 46 1.484 98
KCRH 30 37 46 1.243 98
KXPY 30 25 36 1.440 98
BURL1 30.5 44 52 1.182 100
KMYT 32 43 50 1.163 105
SPLL1 40 37 47 1.270 131
LOPL1 58 46 63 1.370 190
KSPR 75 37 46 1.243 246
KMIS 85 37 42 1.135 279
KMDJ 90 51 58 1.137 295
KVKY 115 39 59 1.513 377
KVOA 160 43 53 1.233 525
mean 1.273
S.D. 0.11
COV 8.6%
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The National Hurricane Center’s (NHC) Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB) issued 20 non-tropical cyclone warnings in their Atlantic High Seas Area of Responsibility (AOR), which is the Atlantic west of 35W extending from 07N to 31N, including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, summarized in Table 1, and 16 warnings in their Pacific High Seas AOR, Table 2, during the period from 1 September to 31 December 2011. Weak to moderate La Nina conditions returned across the Tropical Pacific Ocean by August and September of 2011, and contributed to a slightly below normal East Pacific Hurricane Season, while the Atlantic Hurricane Season, in terms of number of named storms, was very active. La Nina conditions persisted through the end of December, and continued to influence weather patterns across both the Eastern Pacific and Atlantic Basins. For a summary of the 2011 seasonal tropical cyclone activity, see the NHC web site at: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.shtml
No non-tropical cyclone warnings were issued during September, with marine conditions during the month generally dominated by light to moderate tradewinds, tropical cyclones, and interactions between tropical and mid latitude systems, typical for this peak month of the Atlantic Hurricane Season. Tradewinds across much of the Caribbean freshened significantly during the second half of September as a monsoonal (cyclonic) circulation became well established across the far eastern tropical Pacific, central America, and the adjacent western Caribbean, while high pressure across the western Atlantic shifted south of 35N. September also proved to be a
relatively active month for tropical cyclone formation, with six (6) named systems affecting the basin during the month, requiring numerous tropical cyclone related warnings.
The first cold front of the season sank southward across the central and northeastern Gulf of Mexico on Sep 30. This front moved southeast across the southwest North Atlantic and southward across the Gulf of Mexico, and became stationary from the northern Yucatan Peninsula across north central Bahamas to just west of Bermuda by Oct 3, where it stalled. A reinforcing front moved off of the east coast of the U.S. and into the southwest North Atlantic on Oct 3 and 4 , forcing the initial front southeastward through Bermuda. On Oct 5 and 6, high pressure building behind the reinforcing front combined with a slow northward drift of the frontal zone stretching across the Straits of Florida and Central Bahamas, to tighten the pressure gradient north of this boundary, (Figure 1), and produce a broad fetch of northeast winds 20-25 kts from near 70W into the Bahamas and the entire Florida coastline. Low level winds continued to veer more easterly on both sides of the frontal zone on Oct 6 and 7, with the old front transitioning to a shearline, while the pressure gradient north of this shearline increased further. Several vessels began to report gale force winds by the morning of Oct 6, in the numerous squalls occurring on both sides of the shearline. These included the cruise ships Zuiderdam (PBIG) approaching the Yucatan Channel from the southeast, the celebrity millennium (9HJF9) crossing through the Yucatan Channel, the carnival Ecstasy (H3GR) just north of the shearline in the southeast
Gulf of Mexico, and the tanker Iver Experience (PECF) transiting the Straits of Florida. A broad upper level trough spanning much of this region and the eastern U.S. sharpened to a narrow and more energetic trough by Oct 7, extending from the northeast Gulf of Mexico up the eastern seaboard, and acted to significantly intensify the numerous squalls and thunderstorms moving quickly westward along and north of the shearline. Gale force wind gusts in squalls and thunderstorms were reported on Oct 7, from the northern Bahamas and adjacent Atlantic waters, as reported by the Norwegian Sky (C6PZ8), to as far north as Satellite Beach, along the central Florida coast. The shearline continued to drift slowly northward on Oct 8 and 9, now with widespread gales and the first non-tropical cyclone warning of the September to December period, and expansive easterly fetch of 25-35 kts extending from near 65W to the Bahamas and Florida coast, across the Florida peninsula, and through the entire Gulf of Mexico north of 25N (Figure 2).
Cyclonic turning within this sharp upper t rough worked downward into the middle and lower levels of the atmosphere on Oct 8 and 9, and interacted with the shearline and gales occurring to its north to generate a surface low pressure center across the northwest Bahamas waters that produced fresh gales and severe thunderstorms as it moved northwestward across the central Florida coast on Oct 9, and over interior north Florida on Oct 10. This event produced widespread impacts, with a very broad area of gales and high seas occurring across the southwest North Atlantic, where seas built to 18
Tropical Atlantic and Tropical east Pacific AreasSeptember through December 2011
Michael Formosa / Scott StriplingTropical Analysis and Forecast Branch,
National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction
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Marine W
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Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific Areas
Onset Region Peak Wind Speed
Duration Forcing
1200 UTC 08 Oct SW n Atlantic 35 kts 48 hr n of Frontal Trough
0000 UTC 09 Oct Gulf of Mexico 35 kts 18 hr n of Frontal Trough
0600 UTC 16 Oct Gulf of Mexico 40 kts 54 hr n of Low
0000 UTC 19 Oct SW n Atlantic 40 kts 30 hr e of Cold Front
0000 UTC 19 Oct Gulf of Mexico 35 kts 12 hr n of Cold Front
1200 UTC 03 nov Gulf of Mexico 40 kts 18 hr n of Cold Front
1200 UTC 05 nov SW n Atlantic 45 kts 72 hr nW of Cold Front
0600 UTC 10 nov Gulf of Mexico 40 kts 36 hr nW of Cold Front
1200 UTC 21 nov Central Atlantic 40 kts 48 hr nW of Low and e of Trough
0000 UTC 27 nov Gulf of Mexico 45 kts 36 hr W of Cold Front
1200 UTC 30 nov Central Atlantic 40 kts 30 hr ne and e of Low
0600 UTC 05 Dec SW n Atlantic 35 kts 12 hr W of Trough
1200 UTC 07 Dec Gulf of Mexico 35 kts 12 hr W of Cold Front
0600 UTC 10 Dec Central/SW
n Atlantic
35 kts 60 hr n of Trough
0000 UTC 14 Dec Central/SW
n Atlantic
35 kts 48 hr e of Cold Front
1200 UTC 16 Dec Central Atlantic 40 kts 42 hr e of Trough
0000 UTC 19 Dec SW n Atlantic 35 kts 30 hr W of Cold Front
1200 UTC 21 Dec Caribbean 35 kts 54 hr enhanced Pres Gradient
0600 UTC 25 Dec Gulf of Mexico 35 kts 18 hr W of Cold Front
0000 UTC 27 Dec SW n Atlantic 40 kts 30 hr either Side of Cold Front
Table 1. non-tropical Cyclone Warnings issued for the Atlantic Basin between 01 Sept and 31 Dec 2011.
Atlantic Ocean including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico
ft, and minimal gales across much of the northern Gulf of Mexico, where seas built to 15 ft. High surf and significant coastal erosion occurred along the entire east coast of Florida.
Prolonged strong onshore flow and high surf raised water levels along the Florida east coast, making for treacherous conditions for port entrances and departures. According to Jacksonville PMO Rob Niemeyer, at Port Canaveral on Oct 9, the cruise ship Freedom of the Seas (C6UZ7), departed in the afternoon. The ship reported 13 passengers injured with cuts, bruises, and scrapes and that conditions were worse than expected. Based on the conditions reported by the Pilot and
Ships Captain, the decision was made by the Pilot to suspend all other departures. Upon hearing of the reports, the cruise ships disney dream (C6YR6) and carnival Sensation (C6FM8) decided to delay their departures until the conditions improved the following day. Rob also reported that the carnival Fascination (C6FM9) was delayed in returning to Jacksonville on Oct 10 due to the elevated tides experienced and insufficient clearance to transit beneath the Dames Point Bridge.
Another interaction between a tropical and mid latitude system occurred one week later and led to a second gale event
across the Gulf of Mexico, which began on Oct 16 and lasted 54 hours. A broad cyclonic circulation associated with the eastern Pacific Monsoon became well established across portions of Central America and into the Yucatan Peninsula, roughly between 80W and 95W, the days immediately following the previous widespread gale event. A new cold front moved southeastward into the Gulf of Mexico on Oct 13 and became nearly stationary from the southwest Gulf of Mexico to southern Florida by the evening of Oct 14. Widespread showers and thunderstorms entrained in the broad monsoonal low encompassed most of southeastern
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Figure 1. Unified surface analysis for 0000 UTC 06 Oct 2011.
Figure 2. nOAA image of W Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico showing OceanSAT-2
wind vectors from 09 Oct 0417 and 0556 UTC passes. Color coded wind speed scale appears at
upper right. Black vectors indicate thunderstorm
contamination.
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Marine W
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Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific Areas
Mexico and Central America on Oct 15, with a 1006 hPa surface low analyzed just offshore of the coast of Belize by 1800 UTC that day. Global weather models suggested the possibility that this low could drift northwest during the coming days and further organize into a tropical cyclone off of the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. However, tropical cyclone development did not occur, as the low remained too close to the Yucatan Peninsula. High pressure behind the cold front moved into the southeastern U.S. and aligned the weakening frontal zone more east to west on Oct 16. This positioning of the high and frontal zone combined with lowering pressure to 1004 hPa across the northern Yucatan Peninsula, to increase the pressure gradient and initiate gales across the southeast Gulf of Mexico, between the frontal zone and the tropical low center. Several vessels transiting this area reported gales on Oct 16, including the celebrity millennium (9HJF9) passing north of the Yucatan Channel through the Straits of Florida, the Zuiderdam (PBIG) while in the Yucatan Channel, as well as the Iver Experience (PECF) also
moving through the Straits of Florida. The low drifted northwestward along the northern fringes of the Yucatan Peninsula and allowed for interaction with the frontal zone, inducing a more elongated north to south cyclonic circulation by Oct 18, and an appearance in satellite imagery more typical of sub-tropical cyclones. This shifted the area of gales northward to 28N, before the whole system was forced off to the northeast late on Oct 18 and into Oct 19 by a new cold front shifting southeast into the Gulf. This new front was responsible for the next gale event, which commenced at 00 UTC Oct 19 and lasted only 12 hours. As the cold front moved into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, southerly gales developed ahead of the front, occurring across the waters offshore of northeast Florida, and shifted eastward by Oct 20 as the front moved off the Florida coast and into the Atlantic.
The next significant gale event across the southwest North Atlantic did not occur until1200 UTC Nov 5, when low pressure deepened to 1001 hPa along a slow moving cold front that extended
from just northwest of Bermuda through the central Bahamas. The pressure gradient between high pressure well behind the front and this deep layered low center produced a zone of fresh northeasterly gales extending from well offshore of Cape Hatteras, NC into northwestern portions of the forecast area. The low drifted eastward to near 28N69W by Nov 6, became occluded, and began to separate from the front (Figure 3). This gale center remained relatively stationary for the next 36 hours, while showers and thunderstorms surrounding the system gradually became more symmetrical. By 0600 UTC Nov 8, the satellite signature of this low pressure center appeared as a classical sub-tropical cyclone, and the low was upgraded to sub-tropical storm Sean. Gale warnings were then replaced with tropical storm warnings. For a summary of the life cycle of Sean, see the NHC website at: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL192011_Sean.pdf This event also generated very high seas across a large expanse of the SW N Atlantic, with peak seas to 22 ft, and generated large northeast swells that pounded the Bahamas and Florida coastlines. This was the longest lived non-tropical cyclone warning event for the period, lasting 72 hours before transitioning to tropical storm warnings.
A middle level trough persisted across the central Atlantic throughout much of November and contributed to the formation of a gale center across the central Atlantic on 1200 UTC Nov 21. Gales prevailed across the northwest quadrant of this low as it merged with a cold frontal boundary to the north and shifted northeastward and out of the area within 48 hours. Days later, a gale center developed in similar fashion farther to the west, along about 60W, commencing at 1200 UTC Nov 30, and
Figure 3. Unified surface analysis for 1200 UTC 06 nov 2011.
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Six warning events occurred across the southwest North Atlantic in December, all but one associated with cold fronts and frontal troughs. The lone event not associated with a frontal system was a long lived, 60 hour event commencing on 0600 UTC Dec 10. The persistent middle level trough lingering across the central Atlantic throughout much of December produced a broad surface trough along 55W by Dec 10. A cold front draped across top of this inverted trough produced easterly gales to the north of the inverted trough, as verified by the freighter Buzzard Bay (A8JH8). The inverted trough then drifted westward and amplified over the next 2 days, finally allowing the pressure gradient to relax by 1800 UTC Dec 12.
Gulf of Mexico Warnings
The f ive remaining non-tropical warnings issued across the Gulf of Mexico occurred during the months of November and December, all pressure gradient induced behind cold fronts. The strongest of these gale events, beginning Nov 27, produced strong northerly gales to 45 kts across SW portions of the Gulf of Mexico, through the central Bay of Campeche and Chivelas pass, and exited into the eastern Pacific across the Gulf of Tehuantepec, where storm force winds occurred. See Tropical Eastern Pacific section fro more details of the events effect in that region. The cruise ship carnival Triumph (C6FN5) reported gales behind the front, across the northwestern Gulf of Mexico on Nov 27, while the Norwegian Star (C6FR3) also reported gales across the northwest Gulf on Nov 27, and then again across
the southwestern Gulf on Nov 28.
Caribbean Warnings
There was only one non-tropical cyclone warning event across the Caribbean during this period, which commenced on 1200 UTC Dec 21, across the climatologically prevalent area of strongest tradewinds found south of 14N to the coasts of Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. As is typical of these events, strong tradewinds across this area were enhanced to gale force by a strong pressure gradient between semi-permanent low pressure across the Colombian Basin and strong high pressure building across the sub-tropics. In this case, a very strong Atlantic high pressure ridge centered just southeast of Bermuda induced a prolonged 54 hour period of gales. Figure 4 shows a NOAA image of ASCAT wind vectors from
0247 UTC Dec 22, where darkest red wind flags indicate gale force winds, generally south of 13N to just offshore of the coast of Colombia. Gales were reported during this time by the crown Princess (ZCDM6) and the Emerald Princess (ZCDP8) across the southern Caribbean. Gales prevailed during this period from 11N to 15N, and also occurred during the afternoon and evening hours of Dec 21, where frequent squalls prevailed from 15N to 18N south of Hispaniola, associated with a dying frontal zone stretched across the central Caribbean.
eastern north Pacific Ocean South of 30n and east of 140W
The fall and winter months are an active time for gale and storm events in this portion of the Eastern Pacific. The majority of the events usually occur in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
Figure 4. nOAA image of Caribbean, showing ASCAT wind vectors from 22 Dec 0107 and 0247 UTC passes. Darkest red flags indicate 30-35 kts.
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The 2011 season produced 13 Gulf of Tehuantepec, 2 Gulf of California, and 1 Baja California gale force or greater wind events. Table 2 provides additional details on these events.
Ship reports are a vital source of data in verifying gale and storm events. A few choice ship reports that directly verified some of this season’s gales are enumerated in Table 3.
The Gulf of Tehuantepec gap wind events are usually driven by mid-
latitude cold frontal passages through the Chivela Pass, a narrow valley within the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The post cold frontal northerly winds over the southwest Gulf of Mexico surge through the Chivela Pass and result in gap wind events through the pass delivering stronger winds into the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The events are of various duration with the longer events associated with reinforcing secondary cold fronts in the Gulf of Mexico.
A gale event in the Gulf of Mexico,
which occurred behind a cold front on Nov 10, 2011 produced, one of the strongest gale events in the Gulf of Tehuantepec for the September to December period (Figure 5). A European Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and an Indian Oceansat-2 Scatterometer (OSCAT) pass captured the event. The passes were within two hours of each other with maximum winds of 35 kts retrieved (Figure 6). The OSCAT imagery was not operationally available to forecasters in the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB)
Onset Region Peak Wind Speed
GALE/STORM Duration
1800 UTC 19 Oct Gulf of Tehuantepec 40 kts 48 hr
0600 UTC 25 Oct Gulf of Tehuantepec 35 kts 12 hr
0600 UTC 29 Oct Gulf of Tehuantepec 35 kts 90 hr
1200 UTC 02 nov Gulf of California 35 kts 12 hr
1200 UTC 10 nov Gulf of Tehuantepec 45 kts 42 hr
1800 UTC 12 nov Baja California 35 kts 12 hr
0000 UTC 18 nov Gulf of Tehuantepec 40 kts 12 hr
0600 UTC 24 nov Gulf of Tehuantepec 35 kts 18 hr
1800 UTC 27 nov Gulf of Tehuantepec 50 kts 102 hr / 12 hr
1200 UTC 07 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 45 kts 42 hr
1200 UYTC 10 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 40 kts 18 hr
0000 UTC 18 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 45 kts 36 hr
0600 UTC 23 Dec Gulf of California 35 kts 36 hr
0600 UTC 24 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 35 kts 06 hr
0000 UTC 26 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 40 kts 42 hr
0600 UTC 28 Dec Gulf of Tehuantepec 35 kts 12 hr
Table 2. non-tropical Cyclone Warnings issued for the northeast Pacific Basin between 01 Sep and 31 Dec 2011.
Table 3. Ship reports that verified gale events over the Gulf of Tehuantepec between 01 Sep 2011 and 31 Dec 2011.
Time/Date Ship Location Wind Speed Seas
1400 UTC 21 Oct Coral Princess (ZCDF4) 15.6n 95.4W 38 kts 6 ft
0800 UTC 18 nov Coral Princess (ZCDF4) 15.3n 95.3W 40 kts 6 ft
0300 UTC 25 nov Cap Palmerston (A8MW6) 14.8n 95.0W 35 kts 9 ft
1200 UTC 07 Dec Hansa Visby (eLWR5) 14.5n 95.2W 35 kts 6 ft
1300 UTC 24 Dec Coral Princess (ZCDF4) 15.6n 95.4W 38 kts 6 ft
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on Nov 10, 2011. It was retrieved later to further verify the gale event. Since then, the OSCAT wind retrievals have undergone some calibration and imagery has been made routinely available to TAFB forecasters with a four and half hour retrieval delay. The swath is 1800 km wide and is displayed with a 25 km resolution. It is good to note that all scatterometer imagery in the Gulf of Tehuantepec depicting gales and storms have no heavy precipitation complications thus the wind vectors are very reliable. Another pair of ASCAT and OSCAT imagery is shown in Figure 7 depicts the long duration gale/storm event that commenced on Nov 29, 2011. The scatterometer passes were two and a
Figure 5. national Weather Service Unified Surface Analysis (USA) map valid
1800 UTC 10 november 2011.
Figure 6. Gulf of Tehuantepec gap winds. 1629 UTC 10 november 2011 ASCAT images indicating 35 kts winds (top) and an 1809 UTC 10 november 2011 OSCAT image indicating 36 kts winds (bottom).
Figure 7. Gulf of Tehuantepec gap winds. 0405 UTC 29 november 2011 ASCAT image indicating 39 kts winds (top) and an 0641 UTC 29 november 2011 OSCAT image indicating 39 kts winds (bottom).
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half hours apart. The passes retrieved maximum winds of 39 kts and were direct hits, covering significant areas of the northeast Pacific Ocean south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
Two Gulf of California gale events occurred during the September to December 2011 time frame. The second event commenced on Dec 23, 2011. A tight surface pressure gradient over the Gulf of California produced gale force northerly winds over the entire gulf (Figure 8). An ASCAT pass at 1638 UTC 23 December 2011 captured an area of northwesterly winds of 30 to 35 kts over the Gulf of California (Figure 9).
A gale event just off the west coast of Baja California occurred on Nov 12, 2011. An extra tropical gale center moved into the area from the northwest and drifted off Baja California near 30N120W (Figure 10). An earlier 0500 UTC ASCAT pass indicated an area of northwest winds of 30 to 35 kts within the southern semicircle of the gale center (Figure 11).
Figure 8. national Weather Service USA map valid 0600 UTC 23 December 2011.
Figure 9. 25 km ASCAT scatterometer pass valid 1638 UTC 23 December 2011. The pass depicted a substantial area of 30 to 35 kt winds in the west-
central portion of the Gulf of California.
References
Storm Data Report, Oct 2011, NWS Jacksonville
Storm Data Report, Oct 2011, NWS Melbourne
Avilla, L.A., 2012. Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Sean. National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL192011_Sean.pdf.
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Figure 10. national Weather Service USA map valid 1800 UTC 12 november
2011.
Figure 11. 25 km ASCAT scatterometer
pass valid 0500 UTC 12 november
2011.
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VOS Program
Awards
Horizon Lines Senior Superintendent Wally Becker accepts 2010 VOS Annual Award on behalf of Capt
John Loftus and the crew of M/V HORIZOn TRADeR.
For the 5th consecutive year, the vessel Philadelphia express received the annual VOS Award (2010) for outstanding support to the Marine Observing Program. In 2010 the crew provided an outstanding 1358 quality marine observations. They also received the 5 Year Pennant for winning 5 consecutive annual VOS performance awards from 2006 to 2010.
During that period the crew of the Philadelphia express transmitted over 7000 marine observations. nOAA congratulates the crew for their consistent dedication to the marine observing program over the past 5 years. Well Done!!
Left to Right: Dk Cadet eric Isaksen, 3/M Ryan Guthrie (holding the plaque), Capt. Dave Sulin, 2/M Brandon Teal, C/M Chris Hendrickson. All displaying the 5 year Flag Award.
Other valuable observers participating over the 2010 reporting year were Capt. Scott Putty, C/M Chuck Rau, 2/M Mark Meyer, 2/M Brendan Smith, 2/M Charlie Orr, 3/M Jeremy Cunningham, 3/M Andrew Longnecker, and Cadets Ian nisley,
Kevin Miele, Fred Wheeler, and Kevin Fink.
VOS Program Awards
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For the second consecutive year the Sealand Racer was presented the annual VOS Award (2010) for outstanding performance in marine observations. The crew provided
over 1844 quality observations in 2010 and was in the VOS Top 50 reporters. The national Weather Service and nOAA extend a special thanks to the Masters and Mates of the Sealand Racer. Thanks for the dedicate work. Pictured left to right,
Chief Mate Steve Watt, 2nd Mate Roy Valentine, Captain J. Pratt, 3rd Mate Robert neumyer and Cadet Jeffery Mark
Horizon Challenger was presented the 2010 VOS
Award for outstanding performance in Marine
Observation Reporting. The crew provided over 1066
quality marine observations in 2010. This is the sixth annual award since 2003. Horizon Challenger’s best meteorologist is Hector
Rodriquez. Congratulation!
VOS Program Awards
For the second consecutive year the Sealand eagle was presented the annual VOS Award (2010) for outstanding performance in marine observations. The crew provided over 1061 quality observations. Picture (left to right) are: nYM Deck Cadet Fulgencio Anavitate, 3/m
Trevor Battles, C/m Mike LaMaina, KP Deck Cadet Harl Romine, 2/m erik Stark.
not pictured but deserving credit for 2010 reporting are: C/m John Kelly, 2/m Brent McClaine, 2/m Cisco Medal, 3/m Chris Kalinowski, 3/m Roy Valentine, KP D/c Aaron Madler,
nYM D/c nick Terek
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For the second consecutive year the Sealand eagle was presented the annual VOS Award (2010) for outstanding performance in marine observations. The crew provided over 1084 quality observations. Accepting the award is from left to right: 3/M Ian Falkenberg, 2/M Joe Ward,
C/M Dan Martin and Cadet Sam Heard
The Charleston express was presented the annual VOS Award
(2010) for outstanding performance in marine observations. The
crew provided over 1053 quality observations. The national Weather Service and nOAA extend a special thanks to the Masters and Mates of the Charleston express. Well done. Pictured (left to right) are: Second
Mate Richard Burkle, Chief Mate Bill O’Connor, Captain Peter Curtis, Third Mate Aaron Voorhees, Great Lakes Deck Cadet Matthew Lang, Kings
Point Cadet Blake Krell. not pictured Captain John Farmer, Chief Mate
Brendan Smith.
For the fourth consecutive year, the vessel St Louis express received the annual VOS Award (2010) for outstanding support to the Marine Observing Program. The crew of the St Louis express provided an outstanding 4270
quality marine observations in 2010. nOAA congratulates the crew for a job well done. Accepting the award from left to right is C/Mate Stephen Jones and
Captain Robert Strobel. not Pictured but deserve special recognition are:
Captain: W. L. MilesC/Mates: M.B O’Brien, P. Curtis, P. Grate
2nd Mates: R. newton, A. Roland, S. Halley, S. Roberto3rd Mates: C. Moore, M. Bokorney, K. Kesse, M. Lynch, F. Pipitone
Deck Cadets: C. nate, M. Hearn, M. Bardoutsos, R. Hadley, S. Green
Captain Strobel expressed his Thanks to all of them for their efforts in sending voluntary marine weather observations.
VOS Program
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VOS Program Awards
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2010 VOS Observation Award winner to the Wilfred Sykes.
Pictured is Captain Mike Grzesiek.
2010 VOS Observation award winner the Arthur M. Anderson. Pictured is 1stMate Kenneth M.
Clemons.
VOS Program Awards
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VOS Program
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2010 Observation Award to the M/V Maumee.
From left to right are crew that sailed on the Maumee on her 82nd and fi nal season, Shawn Pavlovich (Bosun), Christopher edyvean (First Offi cer), Mark Stanger (Master), Jay Love (Able-
Seaman). not pictured are Deck Offi cers David Richmond, David Gruber, eric Johnson & GLMA Deck Cadet Danny Hecko, who all contributed throughout the 2010 season.
2010 VOS Observation Award to the American Century. Pictured is 1stMate Ken Suedek, 2ndMate Gary Thompson, 3rdMate Steve Peterson and Capt. Bruce Dunlap.
VOS Program Awards
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VOS Program Awards
2010 VOS Observation Award to the Manitowoc. Pictured on the left is 1stMate Anthony
Szymanski and to his right is Capt. Jeff Letzkus.
Captain Tim english accepts the 2011 VOS Annual Award from the nY/nJ PMO on behalf of the crew of APL PeARL. Thanks to all members of the
crew for submitting over 800, high quality observations, in 2010.
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national Weather Service VOS Program new Recruits:July 1 through October 31, 2011
Ship Name Call SigN
Algolake VCPX
American Courage WDD2879
Brotonne Bridge VRHO2
Capt. Henry Jackman VCTV
Carnival Magic 3eTA8
eagle Tacoma S6nK2
Maersk Wismar 3eXK5
Major Bernard F. Fisher KBGK
Mustafa Dayi TCZF2
Pacific Santa Ana A8WI3
Trailblazer WDe6541
Tropic express HO7723
12 New ReCRuitS! Way To Go!!!
National W
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New
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VOS
Coo
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Shi
p Rep
ort:
Janu
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thro
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Dec
embe
r 2011
Ship
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4729
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112
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060
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ian
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D20
00
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1910
433
Adv
anta
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PPO
40
913
837
139
11
00
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Adv
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sC
6SA
315
624
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033
439
629
032
429
937
035
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976
3518
Adv
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WBN
3015
120
216
319
810
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010
89
Al H
uwai
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6VG
224
1711
51
00
09
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067
Al K
huw
air
C6V
M6
020
3712
166
024
80
3613
172
Al M
arro
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C6V
F553
6046
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DB9
918
8777
3226
8812
413
686
212
126
7376
1143
Ala
skan
Fro
ntie
rW
DB7
815
4017
3445
068
6548
3847
2820
450
Ala
skan
Leg
end
WD
D207
423
6011
610
10
360
025
1239
6047
2
Ala
skan
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orW
DC
6644
1340
5549
70
6416
313
56
77
546
Alb
emar
le Is
land
C6L
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3234
3350
3537
2452
5732
3346
9
Ale
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335
224
2042
214
43
34
193
149
Alg
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00
03
01
00
013
2744
Alg
oma
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over
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960
00
00
1328
321
260
798
Alg
oma
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980
00
711
939
223
1413
912
7
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00
00
00
63
013
163
41
Alg
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170
134
2810
523
3120
4011
220
Alg
oma
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090
850
85
156
1414
537
3519
7
Alg
orai
lVY
NG
00
00
110
819
590
046
3827
1
Alg
osoo
VGJD
00
00
00
1621
00
1611
64
Alg
oway
VDFP
00
01
3838
1146
465
162
203
Alk
in K
alka
van
TCO
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00
00
01
00
00
01
All i
ance
Bea
umon
tW
KDY
3025
00
2759
5131
3647
4648
400
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
39
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
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tal
Alli
ance
Cha
rlesto
nW
RAH
2924
2955
6233
6044
3550
9592
608
Alli
ance
St L
ouis
WG
AE
1221
527
1939
1025
3619
180
231
Allu
re O
f The
Sea
sC
6XS8
715
12
00
26
3321
6332
182
Alp
ena
WAV
4647
00
311
210
1612
20
331
90
Alta
ir Vo
yage
rC
6OK
30
218
415
485
622
1422
186
Am
eric
an C
entu
ryW
DD2
876
550
7829
930
630
935
229
626
543
543
935
331
87
Am
eric
an C
oura
geW
DD2
879
00
00
57
00
00
77
26
Am
eric
an In
tegr
ityW
DD2
875
420
1379
5725
1016
2210
1829
321
Am
eric
an M
arin
erW
QZ7
791
00
638
2522
3124
2016
2724
233
Am
eric
an S
pirit
WC
X241
716
07
3956
7646
2357
5352
4647
1
Am
eric
an T
ern
WA
HF
418
1327
4516
60
010
574
200
Am
sterd
amPB
AD
5534
4231
8116
512
910
884
147
177
171
1224
And
rom
eda
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ger
C6F
Z69
4520
5925
1045
3614
5348
2338
7
Ant
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I. A
ngel
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ssis
C6F
P572
7426
2365
7240
8454
354
3159
8
Ant
wer
pen
VRBK
664
5311
167
6974
6488
136
5535
3985
5
APL
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265
5541
4143
2848
5954
451
2138
483
APL
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9VKQ
373
238
5325
1417
40
00
021
7
APL
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DB3
161
7090
6561
4831
4660
5060
4183
705
APL
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65
03
167
051
2664
3650
264
APL
Cyp
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WD
E829
31
143
139
1629
180
035
2416
2
APL
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land
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D276
823
2857
5182
8157
9563
5968
0
APL
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net
9VVN
611
1511
230
1518
348
3824
203
APL
Japa
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DE8
288
4541
2430
3450
7051
7449
4256
566
APL
Ken
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9VAY
440
2029
30
037
4955
4322
730
5
APL
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883
3014
521
727
937
2826
033
521
611
017
122
520
53
APL
Par
adise
3 EC
J70
00
00
00
00
5442
2912
5
APL
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264
200
5867
9011
779
2811
091
6550
111
1066
APL
Phi
lippi
nes
WC
X888
434
1944
3918
2246
5633
3544
4543
5
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
40
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
APL
Sar
dony
x9V
VU55
4259
5846
8026
2319
7169
4859
6
APL
Sco
tland
9VD
D330
412
2531
5042
4577
3852
1644
9
APL
Sin
gapo
reW
CX8
812
3844
3521
2516
4240
4269
6675
513
APL
Ten
ness
ee9H
A20
6440
3027
270
00
038
2215
8228
1
APL
Tex
asVR
FH2
011
5414
425
1318
42
09
172
APL
Tha
iland
WC
X888
249
4834
3912
4272
6233
2361
5853
3
APL
Tou
rmol
ine
9VVP
00
00
021
2425
1829
3927
183
APL
Was
hing
ton
VRFD
60
00
00
1320
124
00
655
Aqu
ariu
s Vo
yage
rC
6UC
34
188
478
103
4450
111
4224
6
Aqu
avic
tory
A8VA
20
00
00
1910
23
00
034
Arc
tic B
ear
WBP
3396
00
010
21
00
15
10
20
Arc
tic O
cean
C6T
2062
341
2351
4232
4646
340
00
318
Arc
turu
s Vo
yage
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6YA
71
026
1193
6460
5857
3162
8554
8
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5776
6951
3312
502
417
2931
431
Arth
ur M
. And
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515
60
3220
014
784
295
276
247
220
182
227
2066
Atla
ntic
Bre
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VRD
C6
2032
1624
1514
211
00
00
143
Atla
ntic
Car
tier
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3822
2818
1524
148
2424
1833
266
Atla
ntic
Exp
lore
r (AW
S)W
DC
9417
00
00
10
00
00
00
1
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WS0
021
011
638
819
418
141
040
423
715
362
030
023
832
41
Atla
ntic
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ntie
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DJ7
00
06
10
184
186
186
179
7744
863
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ini
VRD
O9
021
936
00
00
00
00
2327
8
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DT7
1747
463
363
136
4423
281
00
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22
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60
010
2237
389
2513
20
015
6
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6T20
6420
031
3120
2116
3227
398
4729
2
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EF7
00
00
00
00
3517
5249
153
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(Aw
s)N
WS0
020
00
262
153
733
710
740
740
717
703
717
743
6218
Atte
ntiv
eW
CZ7
337
09
1874
00
151
146
120
149
Aur
ora
WYM
9567
160
286
273
314
340
635
302
680
370
00
033
60
Awar
eW
CZ7
336
00
330
00
10
04
00
38
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
41
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Axe
l Spi
ritC
6FY5
5780
8680
8676
7258
1434
8259
784
Aza
mar
a Jo
urne
y9H
OB8
3914
283
444
31
106
5424
64
510
Aza
mar
a Q
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9HO
M8
3637
5124
5131
729
291
20
298
Badg
erW
BD48
890
00
00
1313
191
20
048
Balti
c Be
arV7
QN
40
00
052
4540
110
00
014
8
Balti
c C
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A8VG
90
01
116
10
04
110
034
Balti
c W
ind
A8SU
80
10
00
613
83
00
031
Balti
c W
olf
V7Q
X80
064
110
2062
7029
115
210
392
Barb
ara
And
rieW
TC94
071
02
105
2131
3631
2210
3320
2
Barb
ara
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4318
70
148
20
00
03
625
65
Barri
ngto
n Isl
and
C6Q
K38
5251
3550
5929
5026
4027
2748
4
Bell
M. S
him
ada
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D0
00
00
083
280
360
00
399
Bell
M. S
him
ada
(AW
S)N
WS0
025
00
227
331
185
240
250
00
00
012
33
Berg
e N
anto
ngVR
BU6
182
493
156
105
6047
2311
648
3912
1182
Berg
e N
ingb
oVR
BQ2
20
10
4179
762
052
10
254
Berli
an E
kuat
orH
PYK
305
2317
00
00
00
00
75
Bern
ardo
Qui
ntan
a A
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6KJ5
6761
6872
5462
5745
4456
3856
680
Berra
KTC
TH9
00
00
00
1515
97
00
46
Blue
finW
DC
7379
00
00
258
6463
420
00
229
Brill
ianc
e O
f The
Sea
sC
6SJ5
00
01
00
00
10
00
2
Brot
onne
Brid
geVR
HO
20
00
00
00
00
00
4545
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anee
rW
YW55
880
01
511
00
00
20
019
Buffa
loW
XS61
3412
00
00
01
00
178
3068
Bulk
Mex
ico
A8VL
80
00
00
018
5357
5385
109
375
Bulw
ark
WBN
4113
164
2018
6059
1916
1645
120
285
Burn
s H
arbo
rW
DC
6027
280
036
4947
577
856
6553
406
Ca l
iforn
ia V
oyag
erW
DE5
381
422
631
5513
2338
237
2843
320
Cal
umet
WD
E356
80
00
02
80
04
369
1298
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
42
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Cam
aiKF
003
00
00
60
27
11
00
17
Cam
ellia
VRC
P90
00
00
00
022
024
3581
Cap
ricor
n Vo
yage
rC
6UZ5
299
1511
115
2537
3441
2516
258
Cap
t. H
enry
Jack
man
VCTV
00
05
42
00
10
00
12
Car
niva
l Con
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t3F
PQ9
2314
1311
959
6355
4415
2721
354
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niva
l Des
tiny
C6F
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3829
2353
5712
513
773
1353
7361
735
Car
niva
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TA7
3049
358
730
3233
1127
96
277
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50
1224
180
81
418
1011
5
Car
niva
l Fan
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S11
612
123
3086
6655
2447
6041
2
Car
niva
l Fas
cina
tion
C6F
M9
20
36
8339
6137
816
149
278
Car
niva
l Fre
edom
3EBL
523
57
1667
4618
2156
635
3633
6
Car
niva
l Glo
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4940
3948
88
928
70
2811
275
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niva
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233
4340
493
3414
13
934
5531
8
Car
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7446
153
2616
6753
3034
1736
417
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niva
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T0
00
05
30
228
00
240
Car
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l Lib
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E26
2146
5135
5384
4226
83
2942
4
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00
00
00
00
00
2848
76
Car
niva
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S4
5749
5248
4223
06
411
1433
7
Car
niva
l Par
adise
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626
2831
3627
10
00
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6
Car
niva
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00
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2322
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00
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89
Car
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825
4310
10
07
033
3732
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5141
235
119
3028
2510
1461
308
Car
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09
3541
3542
369
1518
813
2845
1
Car
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l Triu
mph
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019
3117
1918
2131
7222
1411
275
Car
niva
l Val
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414
4313
64
414
9283
3826
368
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niva
l Vic
tory
3FFL
822
2418
819
5955
2827
1611
1330
0
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4239
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93
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5621
226
726
1847
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3
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tor V
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erC
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066
2062
6423
3655
3084
4337
520
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
43
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
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pO
ctN
ovD
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tal
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ebrit
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entu
ry9H
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293
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530
152
225
198
126
4657
4712
85
Cel
ebrit
y C
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llatio
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417
530
351
319
312
305
269
297
299
274
290
333
3996
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ebrit
y Ec
lipse
9HXC
964
963
669
262
965
962
853
438
446
749
645
958
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21
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x9H
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319
267
573
580
536
466
341
343
394
454
390
212
4875
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927
4514
775
8584
3912
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7147
139
982
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ry9H
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038
80
00
00
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038
8
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nium
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429
628
718
622
724
622
523
619
515
115
711
425
14
Cel
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y Si
lhou
ette
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2583
00
00
00
189
501
503
409
399
407
2408
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lstic
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546
526
353
427
388
296
170
254
134
194
161
142
3591
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8590
235
192
264
242
155
107
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137
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118
1866
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229
116
03
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2912
00
083
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mai
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00
00
00
010
20
00
012
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6JT
4816
1421
194
3122
1528
3027
275
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rlesto
n Ex
pres
sW
DD6
126
9196
119
131
101
9612
113
511
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215
118
015
28
Che
mic
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erKA
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4425
2211
1333
142
74
017
5
Che
nega
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C39
970
00
00
00
07
20
09
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wa
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30
00
00
00
00
615
Com
mitm
ent
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E389
48
140
546
2629
09
102
215
1
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with
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mer
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3319
07
250
1721
10
00
00
71
Cos
ta A
llegr
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RA17
84
00
00
00
00
157
186
Cos
ta A
tlant
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IBLQ
13
140
00
00
00
00
18
Cos
ta F
ortu
naIB
NY
111
172
134
210
00
00
00
043
8
Cos
ta L
umin
osa
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31
00
00
00
015
141
456
9
Cos
ta M
arin
aIB
NC
015
9040
5315
715
114
313
712
039
094
5
Cos
ta M
edite
rrane
aIB
CF
03
2253
10
00
00
00
79
Cos
ta R
oman
tica
IBC
R0
3961
5530
30
00
00
018
8
Cou
rage
WD
E389
311
25
715
111
00
00
052
Cou
rage
WD
C69
074
122
164
03
20
118
2293
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
44
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Cry
stal M
arin
e9V
IC4
116
04
1520
1914
00
01
90
Dar
ya S
hant
hiVR
XB2
257
6611
419
181
00
00
027
7
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7
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
45
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
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pr
Ma
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nJu
lA
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pO
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00
00
105
136
134
300
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5
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2717
51
00
00
140
97
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361
767
171
569
259
872
074
174
171
674
271
474
284
09
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DF7
523
4214
149
4440
7040
2210
2425
354
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586
6231
125
5161
1028
158
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820
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124
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00
084
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341
3444
3445
4556
1818
3532
2943
1
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06
3420
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314
092
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4623
146
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187
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2447
6136
2616
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470
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3
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1023
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1511
326
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3034
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1827
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127
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126
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6579
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Ever
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4861
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508
Ever
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411
129
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26
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Ever
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6269
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129
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9912
170
5
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42
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Ever
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33
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108
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00
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00
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221
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73
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30
13
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140
425
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7961
00
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6911
09
210
00
110
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
46
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
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lA
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pO
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Ever
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00
00
00
00
1519
1046
Ever
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ful
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C9
00
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140
817
00
67
Ever
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9710
245
4338
9072
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129
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1
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5282
108
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464
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3161
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190
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111
665
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7618
10
00
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04
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135
41
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7476
673
00
5780
100
708
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Of T
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C6S
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3256
2827
2333
3416
2839
2336
9
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185
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00
00
033
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10
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214
284
180
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67
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00
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578
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556
328
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2847
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224
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618
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00
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177
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1738
6625
4240
2447
366
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144
4332
20
00
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1
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40
15
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4328
5842
3920
3131
5
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4554
3915
2217
1721
4128
5438
9
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00
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2846
4420
2310
2221
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312
32
117
00
00
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035
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dom
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00
00
00
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1530
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20
02
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2915
2312
715
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013
656
013
2644
7983
126
8353
8
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
47
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
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5542
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211
210
235
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240
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4055
4826
304
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07
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2117
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1322
1621
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4
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104
310
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418
440
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260
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208
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00
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418
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41
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75
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310
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00
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179
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152
5357
6838
4447
7159
785
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00
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235
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317
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2124
3940
110
521
1
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
48
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
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nJu
lA
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pO
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562
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6345
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3127
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112
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111
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311
310
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1349
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1114
936
1614
307
4524
03
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4
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1034
514
00
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63
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1135
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1
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06
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299
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373
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2120
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116
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6923
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1029
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2815
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4290
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6239
1747
3540
2922
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9
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
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April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
49
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
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pr
Ma
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nJu
lA
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107
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223
418
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4832
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6473
766
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8880
8383
8272
7684
8079
7977
963
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323
4948
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5046
5761
6574
583
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9362
4576
412
2515
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5217
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5
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8585
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032
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4113
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369
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2063
3031
3227
3031
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2627
3019
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7330
2943
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123
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485
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3567
7358
270
2667
133
00
369
Ka’im
imoa
na (A
WS)
NW
S000
931
753
359
347
925
40
264
619
234
722
605
188
4808
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
50
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
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ndrie
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5272
193
1515
241
231
183
111
272
103
9516
020
718
26
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line
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116
050
6054
00
40
6420
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3
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Kal
kava
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3363
9247
520
00
00
00
287
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K20
00
00
00
1324
2214
376
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70
938
4359
5275
4444
6142
474
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icot
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920
80
04
02
2143
241
01
104
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ick
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10
611
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37
27
272
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2714
2737
2058
4926
4250
6914
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5
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00
2620
52
31
00
57
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r (AW
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029
117
173
744
720
734
720
723
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240
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720
744
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01
2854
05
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105
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0
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8258
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00
00
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00
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58
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00
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4055
630
00
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158
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4422
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515
3718
114
225
8
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2733
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612
1215
187
220
Laur
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593
536
700
669
497
710
266
468
329
704
296
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Lave
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60
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100
00
00
00
039
Lee
A. T
regu
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70
01
214
3316
712
169
2618
1
Lega
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311
00
00
00
3812
00
00
50
Lesli
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331
00
00
00
00
00
01
Liber
ty E
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WH
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323
4630
7432
270
4728
4639
7
Liber
ty G
lory
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2617
2220
413
342
222
42
195
Liber
ty G
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DN
6250
1143
046
612
02
3123
331
Liber
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82
3715
40
918
165
04
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0
Liber
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2216
5461
8545
270
2316
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1
Liber
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1820
110
164
4368
435
1437
426
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00
00
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13
10
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00
00
00
2042
1515
811
111
LNG
Abu
jaC
6W20
320
00
00
01
00
67
3751
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
51
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
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ecTo
tal
LNG
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C6W
2033
719
2531
32
1010
00
00
107
LNG
Gem
ini
V7BW
921
011
3553
7053
125
121
70
049
6
LNG
Jupi
ter
C6X
Q5
00
00
00
00
1710
841
016
6
LNG
Leo
V7BX
232
00
00
017
00
4766
016
2
Lois
HW
TD45
760
00
40
06
00
039
2877
Low
land
s Br
illia
nce
ON
DC
00
00
021
4239
2929
114
175
Low
land
s O
rchi
dO
NFP
5546
2112
6645
2635
2925
6597
522
Lyla
V7Q
K30
00
00
027
1529
2433
012
8
Maa
sdam
PFRO
184
110
4432
129
204
249
204
148
238
232
136
1910
Mad
rid S
pirit
ECFM
214
5418
00
017
130
00
118
Mae
rsk
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olin
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3932
3936
3541
4030
3531
3042
430
Mae
rsk
Dan
ang
A8PS
50
047
4531
4730
3416
150
026
5
Mae
rsk
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mm
ond
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33
036
726
280
5010
209
1019
9
Mae
rsk
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rgia
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HP
9460
3424
7468
5926
4173
9148
692
Mae
rsk
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KPM
2230
1550
6624
5738
2842
290
401
Mae
rsk
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BL49
1665
6554
4136
2943
7752
7560
2
Mae
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3831
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00
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2673
583
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4052
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5030
3143
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461
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8165
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153
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20
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117
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00
00
00
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13
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285
102
926
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038
4831
1443
3546
450
5633
398
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40
00
00
00
00
214
319
Mae
rsk
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tpor
tVR
FO4
00
01
10
421
20
00
29
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
52
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
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pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Mae
rsk
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00
00
89
00
00
017
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nipe
gVR
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00
04
04
752
1525
30
110
Mae
rsk
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onsin
WKP
N39
3120
2136
3957
6627
465
5944
6
Mae
rsk
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min
gW
KPF
5090
6472
7551
6455
5957
6256
755
Mah
imah
iW
HRN
3219
1222
1819
3238
3013
2333
291
Mai
a H
WYX
2079
00
185
00
4214
60
420
109
Maj
esty
Of T
he S
eas
C6F
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56
140
00
00
00
1035
Maj
or B
erna
rd F.
Fish
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GK
00
00
00
00
02
20
4
Mal
olo
WYH
6327
33
00
3067
2516
00
01
145
Man
fred
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trom
WC
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900
00
00
052
20
00
054
Man
istee
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15
00
53
4418
3425
2965
1724
5
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itow
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569
113
021
145
123
129
161
7211
317
017
813
513
60
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4247
4632
3320
1130
4215
338
2
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D12
2513
1420
3035
4235
432
1228
3
Man
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5662
2038
5933
4728
153
2141
459
Map
le 2
C6T
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1119
10
619
125
74
510
8
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chen
Mae
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2266
00
701
036
10
1816
230
Mar
cus
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eth
WD
C66
980
013
3740
3335
071
271
470
040
874
237
49
Mar
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01
00
00
029
290
1635
110
Mar
gret
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00
00
034
70
3731
042
151
Mar
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Expr
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3FH
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115
41
71
00
25
2766
Mar
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03
242
119
29
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2
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260
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279
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281
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330
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10
00
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00
00
07
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039
4235
3742
4819
2538
2542
392
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2236
020
2114
4732
2642
1925
304
Mau
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5165
6140
7163
6854
4958
691
Mca
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J0
078
4989
102
132
8020
646
30
011
99
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
53
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Mca
rthur
II (A
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S000
60
028
928
016
30
244
244
210
00
1241
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n Sc
hiff
9HJH
934
2950
3012
40
00
00
015
9
Mel
ville
WEC
B66
6187
7481
332
433
224
3362
340
1487
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abi M
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4356
30
1342
3754
5664
6169
4759
505
Mid
nigh
t Sun
WA
HG
4424
5812
248
7013
550
3948
6634
738
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3665
00
00
041
00
00
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41
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05
2645
4531
40
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156
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210
10
2127
2620
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154
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4773
7253
280
00
033
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4
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5622
3714
1011
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129
2220
238
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gium
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CF
180
5134
1529
5012
1621
60
252
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GA
00
03
1939
60
00
00
67
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4134
75
189
2925
4324
5831
2
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120
00
311
84
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20
00
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02
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09
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3049
6037
4340
3641
133
00
352
Mon
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228
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4330
2342
152
3143
458
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44
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4624
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2
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00
00
00
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76
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122
4829
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217
342
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257
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133
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450
00
00
00
00
00
2424
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
54
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
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pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Nav
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or O
f The
Sea
sC
6FU
436
97
1220
28
233
3822
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1
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70
03
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1
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100
017
5351
2113
97
3824
0
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PBW
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148
8429
214
410
390
144
163
142
118
1228
Nob
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tar
KRPP
3174
4942
50
5950
50
611
332
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rdam
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116
173
156
102
4564
136
9416
312
529
625
217
22
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th S
tar
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2721
3655
2828
1520
4463
3522
394
Nor
ther
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pite
rA8
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00
00
00
00
80
50
13
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thw
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wan
ZCDJ
963
4263
5754
058
9683
5351
6268
2
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weg
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8132
9923
3319
837
2125
133
150
152
984
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weg
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C6X
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2922
4366
168
1427
3959
5441
0
Nor
weg
ian
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C6V
G8
4544
116
713
816
210
252
1833
5222
610
40
Nor
weg
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3714
616
215
597
113
166
164
161
7014
714
68
Nor
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6236
4557
3456
7761
5633
203
540
Nor
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734
4968
877
5020
057
110
563
616
1661
Nor
weg
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Sky
C6P
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95
5221
1040
5997
6317
106
495
Nor
weg
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668
3711
717
520
415
524
023
516
812
923
620
219
66
Nor
weg
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Star
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415
717
410
061
9845
135
304
225
213
8217
78
Nor
weg
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9012
021
211
644
3113
1842
9789
107
979
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00
00
00
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70
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3
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00
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00
00
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131
32
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390
00
00
036
3213
726
2213
6
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450
00
00
00
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4573
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8
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2619
298
10
01
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121
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698
529
00
65
21
00
00
75
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resc
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91
019
4956
4117
3137
4515
031
1
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323
00
00
00
00
013
4361
117
Oce
an H
arve
ster
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5471
115
612
20
00
51
10
43
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
55
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
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pO
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tal
Oce
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arin
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CF3
990
00
029
191
020
2699
461
241
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resid
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1121
00
00
02
00
037
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nce
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DY0
00
00
210
973
11
00
186
Oce
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WD
B964
70
03
30
26
00
21
118
Oce
anus
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WS0
028
744
670
740
670
632
720
740
740
656
743
382
074
37
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016
00
362
217
00
00
00
00
579
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00
5430
045
544
458
354
40
00
2110
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ande
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190
017
1915
1814
20
10
105
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00
058
5657
121
7462
105
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696
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23
51
60
00
14
145
41
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325
726
1322
1616
1821
39
2820
4
Ooc
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824
119
2341
3959
5946
4750
3444
2
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l Nor
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41
113
2341
4437
3028
2322
1427
7
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5596
8773
6449
3044
6782
122
842
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7351
146
175
152
4339
7848
044
084
9
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20
00
00
1913
3231
1812
913
4
Ora
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00
010
64
1327
812
2410
4
Ora
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722
716
3849
5342
4625
531
9
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gon
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00
00
224
471
476
452
410
135
021
68
Ore
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F296
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2317
00
045
3817
2422
3
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191
4226
2940
7392
7337
1828
2066
9
Orio
n Vo
yage
rC
6MC
524
2135
510
460
160
54
720
9
Osc
ar D
yson
WTE
P0
00
015
017
013
073
120
178
00
821
Osc
ar D
yson
(AW
S)N
WS0
001
00
00
516
612
648
714
690
678
00
3858
Osc
ar E
lton
Sette
WTE
E0
1513
912
50
269
142
8755
860
720
Osc
ar E
lton
Sette
(AW
S)N
WS0
015
010
259
245
50
015
227
00
150
299
020
20
Our
o D
o Br
asil
ELPP
920
3716
3038
2826
2518
1411
026
3
Ove
rsea
s A
lces
mar
V7H
P235
353
6711
447
679
00
00
395
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
56
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Ove
rsea
s A
naco
rtes
KCH
V26
1311
2014
826
1811
60
515
8
Ove
rsea
s A
ndro
mar
V7H
P47
24
40
1456
5531
2722
2724
9
Ove
rsea
s A
riadm
arV7
HP6
66
1420
2019
1916
1414
1210
170
Ove
rsea
s Bo
ston
WJB
U82
107
141
132
7085
6565
7093
8283
1075
Ove
rsea
s C
asca
deW
OAG
06
80
00
00
00
00
14
Ove
rsea
s H
ousto
nW
WA
A4
13
013
819
1610
66
591
Ove
rsea
s Jo
yce
V7N
V440
2565
3594
4647
3641
5087
105
671
Ove
rsea
s Lo
ng B
each
WA
AT72
183
257
5927
5994
8752
360
2094
6
Ove
rsea
s Lo
s A
ngel
esW
ABS
227
191
5814
812
523
728
515
091
8820
133
621
37
Ove
rsea
s Lu
xmar
WD
C70
7014
032
1811
103
1711
715
214
0
Ove
rsea
s M
arem
arW
DC
6975
021
115
1916
113
2115
216
140
Ove
rsea
s M
artin
ezW
PAJ
023
218
621
3223
511
87
156
Ove
rsea
s N
ikisk
iW
DBH
1316
2029
3522
176
63
38
178
Ove
rsea
s Ri
mar
V7H
Q3
2116
1513
2022
00
00
00
107
Ove
rsea
s Ta
mpa
WO
TA0
00
05
60
516
2713
476
Ove
rsea
s Te
xas
City
WH
ED0
62
50
1210
00
05
141
Paci
fic C
eleb
esVR
ZN9
19
2513
4037
2054
2226
202
269
Paci
fic F
lore
sVR
ZN8
018
1825
00
00
00
037
98
Paci
fic F
reed
omW
DD9
283
00
00
140
010
00
00
24
Paci
fic Ja
vaVR
ZN7
4231
1649
3153
6437
2530
746
431
Paci
fic M
akas
sar
VRZO
237
5773
3183
4756
9424
470
054
9
Paci
fic M
istra
lA8
WI2
00
00
030
1559
00
00
104
Paci
fic S
tar
WC
W77
400
00
01
00
00
01
02
Paci
fic W
olf
WD
D928
62
00
10
41
11
01
213
Pand
alus
WAV
7611
00
00
012
214
90
00
46
Patri
arch
WBN
3014
164
4326
00
341
01
519
149
Patri
otW
QVY
4137
3927
3557
3630
6068
6152
543
Paul
Gau
guin
C6T
H9
9363
4159
8012
615
029
455
5230
025
515
68
Paul
R. T
regu
rtha
WYR
4481
260
1776
8987
4677
104
5463
7471
3
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
57
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Peac
e Vo
yage
VRH
O5
00
221
2520
414
00
00
86
Pelic
an S
tate
WD
E443
310
1810
119
79
35
910
010
1
Pers
ever
ance
WD
E532
80
00
00
07
109
1721
2690
Phila
delp
hia
Expr
ess
WD
C67
3671
142
120
131
9312
210
711
114
914
994
306
1595
Phili
p R.
Cla
rke
WE3
592
420
1836
520
5317
3172
414
544
3
Phoe
nix
Alp
haVR
ZT8
111
00
121
00
215
710
59
Phoe
nix
Beta
VRZT
90
2749
82
728
2842
7737
4434
9
Phoe
nix
Light
HPH
V0
01
020
3666
6859
728
3532
0
Phoe
nix
Voya
ger
C6Q
E33
2133
322
1317
84
314
4519
5
Pilo
tW
BN30
110
00
52
00
314
00
024
Pisc
es (A
WS)
WTD
L0
041
3539
945
930
041
151
639
732
60
2884
Pola
r Adv
entu
reW
AZV
7235
2051
4139
5046
6133
5559
562
Pola
r Clo
udW
DF5
296
200
440
00
00
00
01
65
Pola
r Disc
over
yW
ACW
116
820
00
067
4128
4067
5649
7
Pola
r End
eavo
urW
CA
J21
2070
7884
2950
9783
6626
9171
5
Pola
r Ent
erpr
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RTF
2422
2117
7672
50
00
418
259
Pola
r Ran
ger
WD
C86
520
00
02
03
02
00
07
Pola
r Res
olut
ion
WDJ
K13
910
021
020
988
180
290
213
214
313
288
297
2541
Pola
r Spi
ritC
6WL6
2746
234
228
1211
00
00
153
Pola
r Sto
rmW
DE8
347
00
00
70
01
80
00
16
Pola
r Vik
ing
WD
D649
40
716
02
10
00
00
026
Pola
r Win
dW
DE6
058
00
00
00
40
00
00
4
Posid
ana
9VBM
630
109
183
370
254
6919
420
010
46
844
1571
Prem
ium
Do
Bras
ilA8
BL4
2832
3415
3316
210
00
00
179
Pres
iden
t Ada
ms
WRY
W36
3521
1241
4366
3447
3737
2543
4
Pres
iden
t Jac
kson
WRY
C63
2539
330
00
068
8134
4839
1
Pres
iden
t Pol
kW
RYD
1319
1713
310
3158
5274
6770
445
Pres
iden
t Tru
man
WN
DP
4524
3045
2825
211
4940
351
335
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
58
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Pres
que
Isle
WZE
4928
00
1011
084
2051
3863
3862
2149
7
Pres
tige
New
Yor
kKD
UE
3732
3630
489
3033
3972
163
385
Prid
e O
f Am
eric
aW
NBE
4219
195
1412
5118
1810
615
211
156
7
Prid
e O
f Bal
timor
e II
WU
W21
200
00
522
4126
3528
70
016
4
Prin
send
amPB
GH
033
3937
915
917
1935
3612
333
Prog
ress
Ace
HPQ
I0
00
00
00
00
12
47
Pros
pero
usVR
IA3
00
00
08
590
01
00
68
Pt. B
arro
wW
BM50
880
00
00
00
09
012
021
Pt. T
hom
pson
WBM
5092
00
00
00
00
150
10
16
Que
beco
isC
YGR
00
05
3023
3225
13
120
131
R. J.
Pfe
iffer
WRJ
P0
32
00
00
00
00
05
R. M
. Tho
rste
nson
KGC
J1
03
30
01
00
00
08
Radi
ance
Of T
he S
eas
C6S
E720
9993
9562
2074
5025
513
4960
5
Rain
ier
WTE
F0
00
00
071
9913
114
20
044
3
Rebe
cca
Lynn
WC
W79
770
03
2218
128
811
28
193
Redo
ubt
WD
D245
10
00
1028
019
5228
1432
1820
1
Regu
lus
Voya
ger
C6F
E623
831
210
00
00
018
6816
9
Reso
lve
WC
Z553
525
2912
1724
3413
4837
414
4630
3
Rhap
sody
Of T
he S
eas
C6U
A2
1131
337
032
5215
4631
4540
343
Robe
rt C
. Sea
man
sW
DA44
860
09
2326
2823
00
00
010
9
Robe
rt S.
Pie
rson
CFN
4934
00
00
715
40
101
34
44
Roge
r Blo
ugh
WZP
8164
10
3617
731
317
332
146
260
355
446
234
2173
Roge
r Rev
elle
KAO
U0
211
3367
595
736
724
717
743
716
744
5088
Rona
ld H
. Bro
wn
(AW
S)W
TEC
00
00
022
218
163
037
1610
466
Rona
ld N
A8PQ
310
38
238
234
160
174
936
32
670
Rynd
amPH
FV14
4531
9556
3340
1423
3435
9651
6
S /R
Am
eric
an P
rogr
ess
KAW
M80
8054
5151
7243
300
017
2049
8
Safm
arin
e M
akut
uM
RWF2
00
037
4527
3015
2520
1823
240
Saga
Adv
entu
reVR
BL4
00
00
029
8190
6910
219
2141
1
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
59
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Saga
And
orin
haM
YNJ6
40
00
00
00
2271
5451
202
Saga
Mon
alVR
ZQ9
00
5363
3986
3311
60
017
1842
5
Saga
Nav
igat
orVR
DA4
39
2086
142
124
520
141
648
244
010
520
33
Saga
Vik
ing
VRXO
64
120
00
422
1317
177
1411
0
Saip
em 7
000
C6N
O5
00
00
1982
177
00
00
125
Sam
Lau
dW
ZC76
020
00
00
06
20
016
125
Sam
uel D
e C
ham
plai
nW
DC
8307
440
1237
296
523
1927
16
209
Sand
ra F
oss
WYL
4908
00
30
016
00
022
70
48
Saud
i Abh
aH
ZRX
03
170
30
083
5233
3468
293
Saud
i Diri
yah
HZZ
B20
045
1711
033
200
3420
3223
2
Saud
i Hof
ufH
ZZC
18
70
05
40
77
22
43
Saud
i Tab
ukH
ZZD
5764
035
305
643
180
3814
310
Sea
Bree
zeW
BN30
1958
00
07
01
00
01
067
Sea
Haw
kW
DD9
287
00
00
01
250
61
00
33
Sea
Hor
seW
BN43
8210
102
60
00
00
00
028
Sea
Prin
ceW
YT85
693
4838
265
00
32
10
012
6
Sea
Vict
ory
WC
Y677
70
00
00
00
01
00
01
Sea
Voya
ger
WC
X910
639
994
043
9312
013
220
269
107
126
8614
71
Seab
ourn
Spi
ritC
6FR4
00
00
00
00
00
4479
123
Seab
ulk
Arc
ticW
CY7
054
3424
1619
3821
279
2428
2612
278
Seab
ulk
Trad
erKN
JK37
4838
1525
2044
4827
2025
3938
6
Sea-
Land
Cha
mpi
onW
KAU
1131
4447
3762
5847
4654
3357
527
Sea-
Land
Cha
rger
WD
B994
833
3852
3025
4043
2413
53
2733
3
Sea-
Land
Com
etW
DB9
950
112
5924
3936
5461
3548
3010
2253
0
Sea-
Land
Eag
leW
KAE
152
193
166
103
8614
315
394
109
111
163
174
1647
Sea-
Land
Intre
pid
WD
B994
955
917
2330
2113
1633
4749
5036
3
S ea-
Land
Ligh
tnin
gW
DB9
986
7365
3623
356
06
127
636
305
Sea-
Land
Mer
cury
WKA
W75
1857
7011
794
119
130
114
137
8810
311
22
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
60
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Sea-
Land
Met
eor
WD
B995
129
347
246
2934
6351
4836
1538
5
Sea-
Land
Rac
erW
KAP
175
107
112
128
9611
813
911
013
417
436
9114
20
Sede
f Kal
kava
nV7
LU5
00
515
00
00
00
00
20
Sena
ng S
pirit
C6M
E89
39
113
80
00
00
00
142
Sene
caW
BN84
690
00
036
1311
6428
00
015
2
Sent
inel
WBN
6510
00
1525
80
833
121
216
120
Sent
ryW
BN30
130
260
06
476
40
00
089
Sere
nade
Of T
he S
eas
C6F
V826
1323
253
1743
1510
1414
3123
4
Sere
nata
3EEE
226
518
2328
731
219
43
618
1
Seso
kW
DE7
899
00
00
00
30
00
00
3
Seve
n Se
as M
arin
erC
6VV8
3724
19
2416
923
130
4378
277
Seve
n Se
as N
avig
ator
ZCDT
719
2419
119
60
3418
31
114
5
Seve
n Se
as V
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erC
6SW
324
220
1872
818
27
50
3921
5
Shei
la M
cdev
ittW
DE2
542
2972
1457
531
00
01
10
228
Sidn
ey F
oss
WYL
5445
022
110
09
00
07
01
50
Sier
raW
SNB
1126
2313
423
177
014
1312
163
Siku
WC
Q61
740
00
12
2024
02
1517
586
Sinu
kW
CQ
8110
00
045
135
114
2197
590
00
471
Sira
nger
9VA
H0
00
00
1825
2010
170
1810
8
Sol D
o Br
asil
ELQ
Q4
1637
2758
5721
4415
912
429
329
Sple
ndou
r Of T
he S
eas
C6T
Z999
108
205
202
129
141
261
498
438
222
1320
525
21
St L
ouis
Expr
ess
WD
D382
540
534
037
144
723
544
446
149
045
947
937
342
249
26
St N
icho
las
WD
B806
60
00
00
00
80
00
08
St. C
lair
WZA
4027
460
00
00
00
040
371
124
Stac
ey F
oss
WYL
4909
90
00
00
70
14
00
21
Stal
war
tW
BN65
1236
5055
4227
6468
140
2629
1144
9
Star
Ala
bam
aLA
VU4
3123
4511
019
435
1514
132
212
Star
Am
eric
aLA
VV4
66
3117
3010
100
110
00
121
Star
Atla
ntic
LAYG
543
2313
09
927
2032
4334
2227
5
Star
Der
byLA
XS2
4813
5042
3236
3529
4725
2711
395
VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
61
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
ovD
ecTo
tal
Star
Die
ppe
LEQ
Z39
2716
1918
2424
295
3035
3727
3
Star
Eag
leLA
WO
220
2536
3942
6211
156
320
2218
463
Star
Evv
iva
LAH
E22
140
100
620
4710
3016
716
2
Star
Flo
rida
LAVW
418
3129
4422
2823
210
011
2825
5
Star
Fra
ser
LAVY
432
513
936
724
426
169
188
4625
231
1526
Star
Fuj
iLA
VX4
1318
208
98
2425
2622
2427
224
Star
Gra
nLA
DR4
3022
422
00
034
310
1672
231
Star
Grip
LAD
Q4
3615
534
6351
4770
2838
325
433
Star
Han
saLA
XP4
01
025
51
00
031
419
86
Star
Har
mon
iaLA
GB5
112
00
00
22
00
014
31
Star
Her
dla
LAVD
477
869
717
2922
00
157
2827
9
Star
Hid
raLA
VN4
2227
535
330
43
70
022
158
Star
Isfjo
rdLA
OX5
136
178
4146
290
4421
1451
308
Star
Ism
ene
LAN
T58
22
378
689
1610
00
016
0
Star
Istin
dLA
MP5
00
00
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81
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
62
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Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
63
Ship
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8
VOS C
ooperative Ship Report
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
64
Ship
Nam
eCa
ll Si
gnJa
nFe
bM
arA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ugSe
pO
ctN
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VOS
Coo
pera
tive
Ship
Rep
ort
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
65
Points of Contact
U.S. Port Meteorological Officers
Headquarters
John WassermanVoluntary Observing Ship Program ManagerNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 3203Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Tel: 228-688-1818Fax: 228-688-3923E-mail: [email protected] Paula rychtarVoluntary Observing Ship OperationsManagerNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 3203Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Tel: 228-688-1457Fax: 228-688-3923E-mail: [email protected]
atlantic Ports
david dellinger, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA2550 Eisenhower Blvd, Suite 312P.O. Box 350067Port Everglades, FL 33335Tel: 954-463-4271 Fax: 954-462-8963E-mail: [email protected]
robert niemeyer, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA13701 Fang Road Jacksonville, FL 32218-7933Tel: 904-741-5186 Ext. 117Fax: 904-741-0078E-mail: [email protected]
tim Kenefick, PMo NOAA Coastal Services Center2234 South Hobson AvenueCharleston, SC 29405-2413Tel: 843-709-0102Fax: 843-740-1289E-mail: [email protected]
Peter Gibino, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA4034-B Geo. Wash. Mem. Hwy.Yorktown, VA 23692-2724Tel: 757-617-0897 Fax: 757-877-9561E-mail: [email protected]
lori evans, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAAMaritime Center I, Suite 2872200 Broening HighwayBaltimore, MD 21224-6623Tel: 443-642-0760 Fax: 410-633-4713E-mail: [email protected]
Jim luciani, PMo New York/New JerseyNational Weather Service, NOAA110 Main Street, Suite 201South Amboy, NJ 08879-1367Tel: 908-217-3477Fax: 732-316-7643E-mail: [email protected]
Great laKes Ports
ron Williams, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA5027 Miller Trunk HighwayDuluth, MN 55811-1442Tel 218-729-0651Fax 218-729-0690E-mail: [email protected]
Gulf of Mexico Ports
david Jones, PMoPMO New Orleans62300 Airport Rd.Slidell, LA 70460-5243Tel: Fax: 504 649-2907E-mail:
chris fakes, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA1353 FM646Suite 202Dickinson, TX 77539Tel: 281-534-2640 Ext. 277Fax: 281-534-4308E-mail: [email protected]
Pacific Ports
derek leeloy, PMoOcean Services Program CoordinatorNational Weather Service Pacific Region HQGrosvenor Center, Mauka Tower737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200Honolulu, HI 96813-3201Tel: 808-532-6439Fax: 808-532-5569E-mail: [email protected]
Brian Holmes, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA501 West Ocean Blvd., Room 4480Long Beach, CA 90802-4213Tel: 562-980-4090 Fax: 562-436-1550E-mail: [email protected]
daniel curtis, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA1301 Clay Street, Suite 1190NOakland, CA 94612-5217Tel: 510-637-2960Fax: 510-637-2961E-mail: [email protected]
Matt thompson, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA7600 Sand Point Way, N.E., BIN C15700Seattle, WA 98115-6349Tel: 206-526-6100Fax: 206-526-6904E-mail: [email protected]
richard courtney, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA600 Sandy Hook Street, Suite 1Kodiak, AK 99615-6814Tel: 907-487-2102 Fax: 907-487-9730E-mail: [email protected]
Peggy Perales, PMoNational Weather Service, NOAA, Box 427Valdez, AK 99686-0427Tel: 907-835-4505Fax: 907-835-4598E-mail: [email protected]
larry Hubble, PMoNational Weather Service Alaska Region222 West 7th Avenue #23Anchorage, AK 99513-7575Tel: 907-271-5135Fax: 907-271-3711E-mail: [email protected]
Points of Contact
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
66
Poin
ts of
Con
tact u.s. coast
Guard aMVer centerBen strongAMVER Maritime Relations Officer, United States Coast GuardBattery Park BuildingNew York, NY 10004Tel: 212-668-7762Fax: 212-668-7684E-mail: [email protected]
seas field representativesaoMl seas ProGraM ManaGer
dr. Gustavo Goni AOML4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4339Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]
drifter ProGraM ManaGer
dr. rick lumpkinAOML/PHOD4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4513Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]
arGo ProGraM ManaGer
Dr. Claudia SchmidAOML/PHOD4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4313Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]
GloBal drifter ProGraM
shaun dolkAOML/PHOD4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4446Fax: 305-361-4366E-mail: [email protected]
nortHeast atlantic seas reP.
Jim farringtonSEAS Logistics/AMC439 West York StreetNorfolk, VA 23510Tel: 757-441-3062Fax: 757-441-6495E-mail: [email protected]
soutHWest Pacific seas reP.
carrie WolfeSouthern California Marine Institute820 S. Seaside AvenueSan Pedro, Ca 90731-7330Tel: 310-519-3181Fax: 310-519-1054E-mail: [email protected]
soutHeast atlantic seas reP.
francis Bringas AOML/GOOS Center4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4332Fax: 305-361-4412E-mail: [email protected]
Pacific nortHWest seas reP.
steve noahSEAS Logistics/PMCOlympic Computer Services, Inc.Tel: 360-385-2400Cell: 425-238-6501E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
other Port Meteorological officersarGentina
Mario J. GarciaJefe del Dto. RedesServicio Meteorlógico Nacional25 de Mayo 658 (C1002ABN)Buenos AiresArgentinaTel: +54-11 4514 1525 Fax: +54-11 5167 6709E-mail: [email protected]
australia
Head Office
Graeme Ball, Mgr.Marine Observations GroupBureau of MeteorologyGPO Box 1289KMelbourne, VIC 3001AustraliaTel: +61-3 9669 4203 Fax: +61-3 9669 4168E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Fremantle
Malcolm (Mal) Young, PMac/o Bureau of MeteorologyPO Box 1370West Perth WA 6872AustraliaTel: +61-8 9474 1974Fax: +61 8 9474 2173E-mail: [email protected]
Melbourne
albert dolman, PMac/o Bureau of MeteorologyGPO Box 1636MMelbourne, Vic. 3001AustraliaTel: +61-4 3858 7341Fax: +61-3 5229 5432E-mail: [email protected]
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
eather Log
67
Points of Contact
Sydney
Matt dunn, PMac/o Bureau of MeteorologyGPO Box 413Darlinghurst NSW 1300AustraliaTel:+61-2 9296 1547Fax: +61-2 9296 1648E-mail: [email protected]
canada
Canadian Headquarters
Gerie lynn lavigne, life cycle Manager Marine Networks, Environment CanadaSurface Weather, Climate and Marine Networks4905 Dufferin StreetToronto, OntarioCanada M3H 5T4Tel: +1-416 739 4561Fax: +1-416 739 4261E-mail: [email protected]
British Columbia
Bruce lohnes, Monitoring ManagerEnvironment CanadaMeteorological Service of Canada140-13160 Vanier PlaceRichmond, British Columbia V6V 2J2CanadaTel: +1-604-664-9188Fax: +1604-664-4094E-mail: [email protected]
Newfoundland
andrew dwyer, PMoEnvironment Canada6 Bruce StreetSt John’s, Newfoundland A1N 4T3CanadaTel: +1-709-772-4798Fax: +1-709-772-5097E-mail: [email protected]
Nova Scotia
randy sheppard, PMoMeteorological Service of Canada16th Floor, 45 Aldernay DriveDartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6CanadaTel: +1-902-426-6616 E-mail: [email protected]
Ontario
tony Hilton, supervisor PMo; rick shukster, PMo & roland Kleer, PMoEnvironment CanadaMeteorological Service of Canada100 East Port Blvd.Hamilton, Ontario L8H 7S4 CanadaTel: +1-905 312 0900Fax: +1-905 312 0730E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]@ec.gc.ca
Quebec
erich Gola, PMoMeteorological Service of CanadaQuebec RegionService météorologique du CanadaEnvironnement Canada800 rue de la Gauchetière Ouest, bureau 7810Montréal (Québec) H5A 1L9 CanadaTel: +1-514 283-1644Cel: +1-514 386-8269Fax: +1-514 496-1867E-mail: [email protected]
cHina
Yu ZhaoguoShanghai Meteorological Bureau166 Puxi RoadShanghai, China
croatia
Port of Split
captain Zeljko soreMarine Meteorological Office-SplitP.O. Box 370Glagoljaska 11HR-21000 SplitCroatiaTel: +385-21 589 378Fax: +385-21 591 033 (24 hours)E-mail: [email protected]
Port of Rijeka
smiljan ViskovicMarine Meteorological Office-RijekaRiva 20HR-51000 RijekaCroatiaTel: +385-51 215 548 Fax: +385-51 215 574
denMarK
cmdr roi Jespersen, PMo & cmdr Harald r. Joensen, PMo Danish Meteorological Inst., Observation DeptSurface and Upper Air Observations DivisionLyngbyvej 100DK-2100 CopenhagenDenmarkTel: +45 3915 7337 Fax: +45 3915 7390E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
falKlands
captain r. Gorbutt, Marine officerFishery Protection OfficePort StanleyFalklandsTel: +500 27260 Fax: +500 27265Telex: 2426 FISHDIR FK
April
20-12
~ M
arin
ers
Wea
ther
Log
68
Poin
ts of
Con
tact france
Headquarters
andré Péries, PMo supervisorMétéo-France DSO/RESO/PMO42, Avenue Gustave Coriolis31057 Toulouse CédexFranceTel: +33-5 61 07 98 54Fax: +33-5 61 07 98 69E-mail: [email protected]
Boulogne-sur-mer
Gérard doligezMétéo-France DDM6217, boulevard Sainte-Beuve62200 Boulogne-sur-merFranceTel: +33-3 21 10 85 10Fax: +33-2 21 33 33 12E-mail: [email protected]
Brest
louis stéphan, station Météorologique16, quai de la douane29200 BrestFranceTel: +33-2 98 44 60 21Fax: +33-2 98 44 60 21
La Réunion
Yves Morville, station MétéorologiquePort RéunionFranceFax: +262 262 921 147Telex: 916797REE-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
Le Havre
andre devatine, station Météorologique Nouveau SémaphoreQuai des Abeilles76600 Le HavreFranceTel: +33-2 32 74 03 65 Fax: +33 2 32 74 03 61E-mail: [email protected]
Marseille
Michel Perini, PMoMétéo-France / CDM 13 2A BD du Château-Double13098 Aix en Provence Cédex 02FranceTel: +00 33 (0)4 42 95 25 42Fax: +00 33 (0)4 42 95 25 49E-mail: [email protected]
Montoir de Bretagne
Jean Beaujard, station MétéorologiqueAérodome de Saint-Nazaire-Montoir44550 Montoir de BretagneFranceTel: +33-2 40 17 13 17 Fax: +33-2 40 90 39 37
New Caledonia
Henri lévèque, station MétéorologiqueBP 15198845 Noumea PortNew CaledoniaFranceTel: +687 27 30 04 Fax: +687 27 42 95
GerManY
Headquarters
Volker Weidner, PMo advisorDeutscher WetterdienstBernhard-Nocht-Strasse 76D-20359 HamburgGermanyTel: +49-40 6690 1410Fax: +49-40 6690 1496E-mail: [email protected]
Bremerhaven
Henning Hesse, PMoDeutscher WetterdienstAn der Neuen Schleuse 10bD-27570 BremerhavenGermanyTel: +49-471 70040-18Fax: +49-471 70040-17E-mail: [email protected]
Hamburg
Horst von Bargen, PMo Matthias Hoigt susanne ripke Deutscher Wetterdienst Met. Hafendienst Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 76 D - 20359 Hamburg Tel: +49 40 6690 1412/1411/1421 Fax: +49 40 6690 1496 E-mail: [email protected]
Rostock
christel Heidner, PMo Deutscher Wetterdienst Seestr. 15a D - 18119 Rostock Tel: +49 381 5438830 Fax: +49 381 5438863 E-mail: [email protected]
Gilbraltar
Principal Meteorological officerMeteorological OfficeRAF Gilbraltar BFPO 52GilbraltarTel: +350 53419Fax: +350 53474
Greece
Michael MyrsilidisMarine Meteorology SectionHellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS)El, Venizelou 1416777 HellinikonAthens GreeceTel: +30-10 9699013 Fax: +30-10 9628952, 9649646E-mail: [email protected]
HonG KonG, cHina
Wing tak Wong, senior scientific officerHong Kong Observatory134A Nathan RoadKowloonHong Kong, ChinaTel: +852 2926 8430 Fax: +852 2311 9448E-mail: [email protected]
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Points of Contact
iceland
Hreinn Hjartarson, icelandic Met. officeBústadavegur 9IS-150 ReykjavikIcelandTel: +354 522 6000 Fax: +354 522 6001E-mail: [email protected]
india
Calcutta
Port Meteorological officeAlibnagar, Malkhana BuildingN.S. Dock Gate No. 3Calcutta 700 043IndiaTel: +91-33 4793167
Chennai
Port Meteorological office10th Floor, Centenary BuildingChennai Port Trust, Rajaji RoadChennai 600 001IndiaTel: +91-44 560187
Fort Mumbai
Port Meteorological office3rd Floor, New Labour Hamallage BuildingYellow Gate, Indira DoctFort Mumbai 400 001IndiaTel: +91-2613733
Goa
PMo, Port Meteorological liaison officeSada, P.O., Head Land SadaGoa 403 804IndiaTel: +91-832 520012
Kochi
Port Meteorological officeCochin Harbour, North End, Wellington IslandKochi 682 009IndiaTel: +91-484 667042
Visakhapatnam
Port Meteorological officec/o The Director, Cyclone Warning CentreChinna WaltairVisakhapatnam 530 017.Andra PradeshIndiaTel: +91-891 746506
indonesia
Belawan
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim BelawanJl. Raya Pelabuhan IIIBelawan - 20414IndonesiaTel: +62-21 6941851Fax: +62-21 6941851
Bitung
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim BitungJl. Kartini No. 1Bitung - 95524IndonesiaTel: +62-438 30989Fax: +62-438 21710
Jakarta
Mochamad rifangiMeteorological and Geophysical AgencyJl. Angkasa I No. 2 KemayoranJakarta - 10720IndonesiaTel: +62-21 4246321Fax: +62-21 4246703
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim tanjung PriokJl. Padamarang PelabuhanTanjung PriokJakarta - 14310IndonesiaTel: +62-21 4351366Fax: +62-21 490339
Makassar
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim MakassarJl. Sabutung I No. 20 PaotereMakassarIndonesiaTel: +62-411 319242Fax: +62-411 328235
Semarang
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim semarangJl. Deli PelabuhanSemarang - 50174IndonesiaTel: +62-24 3549050Fax: +62-24 3559194
Surabaya
stasiun Meteorologi Maritim surabayaJl. Kalimas baru No. 97BSurabaya - 60165IndonesiaTel: +62-31 3291439Fax: +62-31 3291439
ireland
Cork
Brian doyle, PMoMet EireannCork AirportCorkIrelandTel: +353-21 4917753Fax: +353-21 4317405
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Paddy delaney, station ManagerMet EireannCork AirportMalinHeadLiffordCo. DonegalIreland
Dublin
columba creamer, Marine unitMet EireannGlasnevin HillDublin 9Ireland
Mayo
andy clohessy, station ManagerConnaught International AirportCharlestonCo. Mayo
ireland
Wexford
dennis o. Mahoney, station ManagerMet EireannRossiare HarbourWexfordIrelandTel: +353-53 33113Fax: +353-53 33105E-mail: [email protected]
israel
Ashdod
aharon ofir, PMoMarine DepartmentAshdod PortTel: 972 8 8524956
Haifa
Hani arbel, PMoHaifa PortTel: 972 4 8664427
JaPan
Headquarters
dr. Kazuhiko Hayashi, scientific officerMarine Div., Climate and Marine Dept.Japan Meteorological Agency1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-kuTokyo, 100-8122 JapanTel: +81-3 3212 8341 ext. 5144Fax: +81-3 3211 6908Email: [email protected]@climar.kishou.go.jp
Kobe
Port Meteorological officerKobe Marine Observatory1-4-3, Wakinohamakaigan-dori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073 JapanTel: +81-78 222 8918Fax: +81-78 222 8946
Nagoya
Port Meteorological officerNagoya Local Meteorological Observatory2-18, Hiyori-ho, Chigusa-kuNagoya, 464-0039 JapanTel: +81-52 752 6364Fax: +81-52 762-1242
Yokohama
Port Meteorological officerYokohama Local Meteorological Observatory99 Yamate-cho, Naka-kuYokohama, 231-0862 JapanTel: +81-45 621 1991Fax: +81-45 622 3520Telex: 2222163
KenYa
ali Juma Mafimbo, PMoPO Box 98512MombasaKenyaTel: +254-11 225687 / 433689 Fax: +254-11 433689E-mail:[email protected]
MalasYa
Port Bintulu
Paul chong ah Poh, PMoBintulu Meteorological StationP.O. Box 28597007 BintuluSarawakMalaysiaFax: +60-86 314 386
Port Klang
Mohd shah ani, PMoMalaysian Meteorological ServiceJalan Sultan46667 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysiaFax: +60-3 7957 8046
Port Kinabalu
Mohd sha ebung, PMoMalaysian Meteorological Service7th Floor, Wisma Dang BandangP.O. Box 5488995 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysiaFax: +60-88 211 019
Maurituis
Port Louis
Meteorological servicesSt. Paul RoadVacoasMauritiusTel: +230 686 1031/32 Fax: +230 686 1033E-mail:[email protected]
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Points of Contact
netHerlands
Bert de Vries, PMo & rené rozeboom, PMo KNMI, PMO-Office Wilhelminalaan 10 Postbus 201 3730 Ae de Bilt Netherlands Tel: +31-30 2206391 Fax: +31-30 2210849 E-mail: [email protected]
neW Zealand
Julie fletcher, MMo Meteorological Service New Zealand Ltd.P.O. Box 722WellingtonNew ZealandTel: +64-4 4700 789Fax: +64-4 4700 772
norWaY
tor inge Mathiesen, PMoNorwegian Meteorological InstituteAllégaten 70N-5007 Bergen, NorwayTel: +47-55 236600 Fax: +47-55 236703Telex: 40427/42239
PaKistan
Hazrat Mir, senior MeteorologistPakistan Meteorological DepartmentMeteorological OfficeJinnah International AirportKarachi, PakistanTel:+ 92-21 45791300, 45791322Fax: +92-21 9248282E-mail: [email protected]
PHiliPines
Cagayan de Oro City
leo rodriguezPagasa Complex StationCagayan de Oro City 9000, MisamisOccidentalPhilipinesTel: +63-8822 722 760
Davao City
edwin floresPagasa Complex Station, Bangoy AirportDavao City 8000PhilipinesTel: +63-82 234 08 90
Dumaguete City
edsin culiPagasa Complex StationDumaguete City AirportDumaguete City, Negros Oriental 6200PhilipinesTel: +63-35 225 28 04
Legaspi City
orthello estarejaPagasa Complex StationLegaspi City, 4500PhilipinesTel: +63-5221 245 5241
Iloilo City
constancio arpon, Jr.Pagasa Complex StationIloilo City 5000PhilipinesTel: +63-33 321 07 78
Mactan City
roberto entradaPagasa Complex Station, Mactan AirportMactan City, CEBU 6016PhilipinesTel: +63-32 495 48 44
Manila
dr. Juan d. cordeta & Benjamin tado, JrPagasa Port Meteorological OfficePPATC Building, Gate 4South HarborManila 1018Philipines 1100Tel: +63-22 527 03 16
Poland
Józef Kowalewski, PMo Gdynia and Gdansk Institute of Meteorology and Water ManagementWaszyngton 42PL-81-342 GdyniaPolandTel: +48-58 6204572 Fax: +48-58 6207101Telex: 054216E-mail:[email protected]
rePuBlic of Korea
Inchon
inchon Meteorological station25 Chon-dong, Chung-guInchonRepublic of KoreaTel: +82-32 7610365Fax: +82-32 7630365
Pusan
Pusan Meteorological station1-9 Taechong-dong, Chung-guPusanRepublic of KoreaTel: +82-51 4697008Fax: +82-51 4697012
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russian federation
ravil s. fakhrutdinovRoshydromet12, Novovagan’kovsky StreetMoscow 123242Russian FederationTel:+7-095 255 23 88Fax: +7-095 255 20 90Telex: 411117 RUMS RFE-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
saudi araBia
Mahmoud M. rajkhan, PMoMeteorology and EnvironmentalProtection Administration (MEPA)P.O. Box 1358Jeddah 21431Saudi ArabiaTel: +966-2 6512312 Ext. 2252 or 2564
sinGaPore
amran bin osman, PMsMeteorological Service PO Box 8Singapore Changi AirportSingapore 9181Tel: 5457198 Fax: +65 5457192Telex: RS50345 METSIN
soutH africa
Headquarters
Johan standerRegional Manager: Western CapeAntarctica and IslandsSouth African Weather Service P O Box 21 Cape Town International Airport 7525 South AfricaTel: +27 (0) 21 934 0450Fax: +27 (0) 21 934 4590Cell: +27 (0) 82 281 0993Weatherline: 082 162E-mail: [email protected]
Cape Town
c. sydney Marais, PMoCape Town Regional Weather OfficeCape Town International AirportCape Town 7525South AfricaTel: +27-21 934 0836 Fax: +27-21 934 3296E-mail: [email protected]
Durban
Gus McKay, PMoDurban Regional Weather OfficeDurban International AirpotDurban 4029South AfricaTel: +27-31 408 1446Fax: +27-31 408 1445E-mail: [email protected]
sWeden
Johan svalmarkSMHISE-601 75 NORRKÖPINGSwedenTel: + 46 11 4958000 E-mail: [email protected]
tanZania, united rePuBlic of
H. charles Mwakitosi, PMoP.O. Box 3056Dar es SalaamUnited Republic of Tanzania
tHailand
Kesrin Hanprasert, MeteorologistMarine and Upper Air Observation SectionMeteorological Observation DivisionThai Meteorological Department4353 Sukhumvit Road, BangnaBangkok 10260ThailandTel: +66-2 399 4561Fax: +66-2 398 9838E-mail: [email protected]
united KinGdoM
Headquarters
sarah c. north, Marine networks Manager Met officeObservations Supply - Marine NetworksFitzRoy RoadExeterDevonEX1 3PBUnited KingdomTel: +44-1392 855 617 Fax: +44-870 900 5050E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
North England
Vacant
South England – PMO London
Joe MaguirePort Meteorological OfficerMet OfficeTrident House21 Berth Tilbury DockTilbury, Essex RM18 7HL United KingdomTelephone: +44-1375 859 970Telefax: +44- (0)870 900 5050E-mail: [email protected]
PMO Southampton
lalinda namalarachchi, PMoMet Officec/o Room 231/19National Oceanography Centre,SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton, Waterfront CampusEuropean WaySouthampton SO14 3ZHUnited KingdomTelephone: +44 -2380638339Telefax: +44-870 900 5050E-mail: [email protected].
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scotland
tony eastham, PMoMet OfficeSaughton House, Broomhouse DriveEdinburgh EH11 3XQUnited KingdomTel: +44-131 528 7305 Fax: +44-131 528 7345E-mail: [email protected]
ian J. Hendry, offshore adviserMet OfficeDavidson House Campus 1Aberdeen Science & Technology ParkBridge of DonAberdeen AB22 8GTUnited KingdomTel: +44-1224 407 557 Fax: +44-1224 407 568E-mail: [email protected]
noaa WeatHer radio netWorK(1) 162.550 mHz(2) 162.400 mHz(3) 162.475 mHz (4) 162.425 mHz (5) 162.450 mHz (6) 162.500 mHz (7) 162.525 mHz
Channel numbers, e.g. (WX1, WX2) etc. have no special significance but are often designated this way in consumer equip-ment. Other channel numbering schemes are also prevalent.
The NOAA Weather Radio network provides voice broadcasts of local and coastal marine forecasts on a continu-ous cycle. The forecasts are produced by local National Weather Service Forecast Offices.
Coastal stations also broadcast predicted tides and real time observations from buoys and coastal meteorological sta-tions operated by NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center. Based on user demand, and where feasible, Offshore and Open Lake forecasts are broadcast as well.
The NOAA Weather Radio network pro-vides near continuous coverage of the coastal U.S, Great Lakes, Hawaii, and populated Alaska coastline. Typical cover-age is 25 nautical miles offshore, but may extend much further in certain areas.
Points of Contact
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In order to expand our reader audience and provide our readers with a contemporary digital format that has numerous options for future publications, hard copy printing and mailing of the Mariners Weather Log will be discontinued after this edition (April 2012); paid subscribers to the Mariners Weather Log will be prorated and reimbursed. As the editor of this magazine, I do apologize for any inconveniences due to this change in format. If you have further concerns or questions please contact me directly by phone (228) 688-1457 or email, [email protected].
Please be assured that this magazine will not falter in its’ content and quality. This change is a positive move towards
better utilizing our vastly improved methods of communications over land and sea. Under the new format, the Voluntary Observing Ship Program management team will be able to lift the program to a higher level of awareness and accessibility. The digital format gives notice in the many ways that VOS has become intricately networked with scientists, biologists, worldwide environmental impact concerns/studies, climatology, metadata quality and actively engages in the stewardship of our world. I hope my invitation for related articles and photographs is taken seriously, as this new platform will reach far and wide.
Important message for the Subscribers to the Mariners Weather Log
April 2012 ~ Mariners W
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This amazing photograph of a Maui sunrise was taken by Patrick Bell, 1st Officer Navigation on Norwegian Cruise Lines, Pride of America.
U.S. Department of CommerceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Data Buoy CenterStennis Space Center1007 Balch BlvdBay St Louis, MS 39520-9903
Address Correction Requested Official Business
First ClassU.S. Postage
PAIDDOC / NOAAPermit No. 348
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