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1. Occurrence and distribution: relate to plate tectonic zones & movement;
relate to fault structure
material: lava and tephra (pyroclastic material) or ejecta
menta.2. Classification:
Period of activity: active, dormant or extinct.
Type of activity: Pelean
Vesuvian
Strombolian
Hawaiian
Icelandic
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1. Cinder cone
2. Shield volcanoes
3. Stratocones=composite volcanoes = stratocalnoes
4. Bocca
5. Caldera
6. Volcanic domes
7. Extrusive & intrusive
8. Flood basalt
9. Block lava
10. Aa flow
11. Pahoehoe
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Mount Semeru (photo: Julie Morin)
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1. Benefits2. Weather effect3. Cataclysmic eruption4. Lava flow
5. Ash flow6. Nue ardente7. Tephra falls8. Lahars
9. Poisonous gases10. Flood from glaciers outburs11. Earthquake12. Massmovement
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Foto bentuklahan vulkanik rawan erosi dan longsoran
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Clearing of recent forests (Kali Konto Project. 1980’s)
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Terrasse construction for commercial crops
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South flank of Mount Arjuno, November 2002 (source: Jasatirta)
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1. Evaluation to determine hazard susceptibility: Geomorphological approach Terrain classification and evaluation
2. Approaching volcanic activity: Changes in characteristics and behavior of fumarol, hot
springs, crater lakes; Changes in the strength and orientation of the earth’s
magnetic field;
Increased geothermal heat flow from the area;
Alteration in local electric currents within the earth;
Bulging upward of the volcano due to magma buildup;
Erratic behavior of animals and other signals indicative ofpossible impending earthquake activities.
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Table 1
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1. V1: Crater2. V2: Volcanic cone3. V3: volcanic slope4. V4: Volcanic foot5. V5: volcanic foot plain
6. V6: Fluvio volcanic foot plain7. V7: Lava field8. V8: Lava flow9. V9: Lahar flow10. V10: Intermountain plain11. V11: Volcanic neck12. V12: Parasite cone13. V13: Baranco
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1. Based eruption type Icelandic
Hawaiian
Strombolian
Vulcanian Vesuvian
Plinian
Pelean
2. Based on lava type Volcano with basic lava
Volcano with medium lava
Volcano with acid lava
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1. Lava shield2. Lava dome
3. Lava cone
4. Lava mound
5. Lava disc
1
2
3
4
5
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1. Cumulo-dome = mamelon2. Tholoid
3. Plug dome1
2
3
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Lima tipe
a. Scoria cone
b. Scoria
mound
c. Maar
d. Nestedscoria cone
e. Strato
volcano
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1. Shape2. Surface configuration
3. Break of slope
4. Drainage pattern5. Size
6. Site
7. Association features
8. Land cover/land use
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1. Occurrence: Rising magma to the Earth’s surface
Type of volcanic activity:
Explosion
Central eruption Fissure eruption
2. Type of volcano Shield volcano
Strato or composite volcano
Bocca volcano
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4.3 Comparison of three type of volcanoes
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4.4 Phenomena of strato volcano/composite volcano
1. Ash cloud2. Crater
3. Dome
4. Vent
5. Lava flow6. Secondary vent
7. Fissure
8. Sill
9. Dyke10. Magma chamber
11. Thermal flume
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1. Volcanic earthquake
2. Pyroclastic falls
3. Lava flow
4. Nue ardente or glowing cloud
5. Collapsing of lava dome6. Hot lahar flow
7. Rain lahar flow
8. Subsidence
9. Toxic gas
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Factor affecting the hazard in Dieng
1. Climate condition
2. Geology
3. Geomorphology
4. Soil type
5. Land use
6. Social-economic condition
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1) Direct hazard
2) Indirect hazardlangsung:
3) Toxic gases
4) Environmental degradation5) Pollution
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1) CO2 Gas
2) Lahar flow
3) Mud flow
4) Flash flood
5) Landslide
6) Air pollution volcanic eruption
7) Erupsi gunungapi8) Eartquake
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Occurrence of toxic gas disaster of Dieng
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1. Type of the volcano2. Relief3. Slope4. Geological structure5. Landform condition6. Rainfall7. Wind
8. Drainage pattern and density9. Morphometry of the valley10. Land use or land cover.
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