Visual Dictionary
By: Sp10Downspout
Air Barrier Paper
Air Barrier Paper is a product used to try and fill gaps at joints between boards while keep the inside dry and protected from the weather.
Used to control airflow & water, as well as permit water vapor buildup.
Air barrier paper- AKA Building Wrap
Attic Ventilation Attic ventilation is necessary to keep an
air flow through the attic, but also keep it in motion (i.e. turbines) so moisture isn’t held in the space.
Ridge Vent- allows
Roof Turbines
Soffit Vent
Gable Vent
•Soffit Vents and Ridge Vents allow passage of airflow in and out, Turbines keep air moving, and gable vents relieve humidity and heat.
Back Hoe A backhoe is piece of equipment with a bucket on the end of a pivoting two
arm attachment controlled by a tractor. Used for digging to create strips of footings for foundations and other
excavations in industries such as telecommunications. 24 inch width bucket that I found.
Batter Boards
A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.
Brick Arches Segmental Arch
Keystone
Roman Arch
Jack Arch
Brick Arches- Centering
(Centering) Centering is temporary formwork used
to build an arch, dome, or vault.
Brick Bonds
Common Bond Running Bond
Brick Bonds
Header
Soldier Sailor
Stretcher-Rowlock
Rowlock
Brick Sizes
Modular Brick- (3 5/8” x 2 ¼’’ x 7 5/8”)
Utility Brick- (3 5/8” x 3 5/8” x 11 ½’’)
Bulldozer A bulldozer uses a tracked
system of wheels on a tractor with a large vertical panel of metal, the blade, used to push large amounts of soil or objects like tree stumps to a certain area.
Blade
Bulldozer
Cladding Part 1 Wood Shakes and Wood Shingles are wooden products used
on the siding of a building. The difference is that shingles are sawn and shakes are split.
Stone-Random Rubble
Brick
Wood Shingles
Cladding
EIFSWood Boards
Code Requirements If sill is more than 72” above grade below sill height must be 24’’ Sill Height < 44’’ Opening Width > 20’’ Opening Height > 24’’ Max Sill Height Above Finished Floor- 44’’ of Finish Grade
-If within 44’’ of grade Yes- Minimum net opening = 5.0 sq ft No- Minimum Net Opening= 5.7 sq ft
Sill height AFF- 22’’
Opening Width- 30’’
Opening Height – 60”
Area- 1800 square inches
---Meets Code---
Code Requirements Tread (Step)- 10’’ minimum Nosing (overhang on step)- (.75’’- 1 ¼ ‘’) Riser (vertical between treads)- (7 ¾’’ Max)
The stairs that I measured had 7 ½’’ risers, a 1’’ nosing, and a 10 ½’’ tread, so it met code.
Riser
Tread
Nosing
Concrete Joints Control Joint- used to prevent cracks in concrete due to
contraction. Isolation Joint- isolates one piece of concrete (the slab) from
another piece of material, such as a wall or column that relieves stress due to vertical movement.
Isolation Joint- isolating column from slab on grade below
Failed Control Joint
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) are large cast concrete blocks used as a load bearing wall or masonry. Relatively cheap and quick to install
Actual dimensions are 7 5/8’’x 7 5/8”x 15 5/8”(with 3/8” mortar joint it is 8” x 8” x 16”)
1 Course of CMU=3 Courses of Brick
8’’x8’’x16’’ 12’’x8’’x16’’
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units
Ribbed BlockSplit Block
Doors Transom- a window located above the door Sidelight- a window located on side of doors,
normally on both sides.
Sidelight
TransomFlush Door
Doors-Panel Door
Top Rail
Stile
Lock Rail
Panel
Bottom Rail
Electrical Components Part 1
Service Head
Meter
Transformer Box
Transformer Box- Box that converts energy in the form of electricity from one circuit to another.Service Head- Brings electricity from transformer box to meterMeter- reads the number of kilowatts per hour of electricity the structure uses.
Electrical Components Part 2
Service Panel-distributes the electricity brought in to branch circuits
Duplex Receptacle- used to allow anything that uses electricity to plug into circuit
Framing Elements
1. Anchor Bolt
2. Sill Plate
3. Floor Joist
4. Subflooring
Framing Elements Part 25. Sole Plate 6. Studs
7.Top Plate (Doubled)
Framing Elements Part 3
9. Ceiling Joist
10.Rafter
11. Roof Decking
12. Sheathing
Front End Loader A piece of equipment with a large bucket used to lift
materials such as soil or wood chips, and move into a dump truck.
Transportation of materials
Front End Loader
Gypsum Board Gypsum is a durable mineral that can retard fire and tiny bits
can be formed around two paper like materials to form boards that can be used as sheathing of buildings
First installed in ceilings, then moved down walls. Joints filled with “mud” a bonding substance similar to mortar.
Heat Pump A heat pump is a forced air system.
First a refrigerant fluid, Freon, flows through the compressor where it evaporated to expand. Then air handling unit condenses the air and distributes it throughout the house through the ductwork. This refrigerant cycle occurs to get desired temperature, cold in opposite direction than heat)
One advantage is that it is the same system for both A/C and heat, but unfortunately it doesn’t work well in cold climates because the heat isn’t immediate.
Air Handling Unit
Evaporator/Condenser
Insulation Insulation is used to keep a comfortable climate inside the house by maintain the heat in the
residence with its effectiveness in retarding heat flow (R-value) through walls and ceilings.
Loose Fill Insulation
Batt/Blanket Insulation Rigid Board Insulation
Loose Fill is normally a spray applied insulation often in Attics to not disturb structure, while Batt/Blanket Insulation comes in precut rolls for stud widths or can be cut separately. Foamed is strong in R-value and can fill difficult gaps, while rigid board is strong and can be used as sheathing as well
Lintel
A lintel is a concrete, brick/block, or steel unit use to span openings such as windows in brick walls, that holds the weight above the opening.
Steel angle Lintel
Mortar
Concave Joint
Tooled
3/8’’ width
Type S mortar on House
Flush Joint
Troweled
3/8’’ width
Type S Mortar on House
Oriented Strand Board Oriented Strand Board, or OSB, is Non-veneered panel,
engineered wood product often used in housing flooring, that is made by using smaller strands of wood bonded together into a single sheet.
4’x8’ Sheet of OSB
Plumbing Part 1
Lavatory pipe diameter- 1 ½” Water closet pipe diameter- 3’’
LavatoryWater Closet
Plumbing Part 2•A plumbing vent is used to supply air to p-traps so draining water won’t pull out the p-trap’s water as well as maintain pressure through system.
Vent Thru Roof (VTR)
Drop In Kitchen Sink
Prefabricated Tub
•This kitchen sink is a drop in model.
Plywood Plywood is flat sheets of wood that are layered, with every
layer being turned 90 degrees. Often used structurally. Plywood is manufactured by essentially unrolling a large log
into flattened pieces which are ultimately glued together for better strength
Veneer-a thin layer, sheet, or facing, such as wood or brick.
4’ x 8’ sheet of Plywood
Radiant Barrier (Radiant Barrier) Radiant Barrier- Although more common in the South,
aluminum sheets or spray-on aluminum particles that reflect sun heat back into atmosphere in order to reduce heat gains in building
Can be installed on top side of truss, below bottom chord, or over ceiling insulation.
Rebar Deformations on surface of rebar is for better bonding to the
concrete itself Sizes are determined by 1/8’’, if 6/8” diameter then #6, 7/8” is
#7, and 8/8” is #8.
#8 Rebar (1 inch diameter)
Steep Roof Drainage Gutter-a channel that collects rainwater and melted snow at the eave of
a roof. Downspout-a vertical pipe for moving water from the roof to a lower
level and eventually the ground. Splashblock- a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert
water at the bottom of downspout (foundation)
Downspout Splashblock
Gutter
Steep Roof Materials (Shingle Roof besides asphalt) Underlayment-”Roofing Felt”, 15 lb building felt
installed over sheathing that the roofing material is attached to.
Shingle-Small units applied in overlapping layers with staggered vertical joints (Come in squares (1 square=100 sq ft)
Typical metal panel materials include galvanized steel (coated with zinc to prevent corrosion)
Clay Tile Roof
Black Underlayment
Metal Panel Roof
Steep Roof Shapes Part 1
Mansard Roof
Gambrel Roof
Steep Roof Shapes Part 2
Hip Roof
Gable Roof
Steep Roof Terms Part 1
Soffit- Metal part found under the overhang with fascia Eave- Lowest horizontal part of roof, around whole structure Fascia- Exposed vertical face of the eave that comes below roof.
Eave
Hip
Fascia
Soffit
Building without Fascia
Steep Roof Terms Part 2
Ridge Valley
Rake
Ridge-Highest horizontal piece of the roof, topmost partValley- The slope intersection of two slopes, must be flashedRake- Sloping edge of a steep roof on end of Gable roof
Steep Roof Terms Part 3
Wood Shingles
Stone- Part 1
Coursed AshlarCoursed Rubble
Stone- Part 2
Random Rubble Random Ashlar
Vapor Retarder
Vapor retarder is placed between the insulation and inside of the house and is used to keep moisture out of the wall. The vapor retarder is placed on the warm-in-winter side of the insulation.
Kraft Paper Vapor Retarder (R-13)
Waterproofing
Waterproofing is used in order to keep water out of the soil around the foundation to allow for water to drain away from the walls properly. Comes in three forms: Liquid applied, Fully Adhered, and Loosely Laid.
Liquid Applied Waterproofing
Weep Hole A weep hole is
a vertical mortar joint at the bottom of a wall left unfilled in order to allow drainage down behind the brick veneer wall after it seeps through other joints above.
Weep Hole
Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)
Welded Wire Fabric is used in concrete as reinforcement to the concrete. The WWF is supported by high chairs to get in the middle of the concrete and off the ground.
Windows
Outswinging Casement because hinged on the side and swings outward
Fixed windows because panes of glass that does not move
Awning Window because hinged at top corners, inward swinging