Video:A Selected Chronology,1963-1983
By Barbara London
The chronology that follows highlightssome of the major events that havehelped to shape independent video in theUnited States. Although institutions'rave provided the context for video, it ishe artists' contributions that are of the~reatest importance.
1963Exhibitions/EventsNew York. Television De-Coli/age byWolfVostell, Smolin Gallery. First U.S.environmental installation using a television set.
1964Television/ProductionsBoston. Jazz Images, WGBH-TV.Producer, Fred Barzyk. Five short-isualizations of music for broadcast;me of the first attempts at experimental
television.
1965Exhibitions/EventsNew York. Electronic Art by Nam JunePaik, Galeria Bonino. Artist's first gallery exhibition in U.S.New Cinema Festival I (ExpandedCinema Festival), The Film-MakersCinematheque. Organized by JohnBrockman. Festival explores uses ofmixed-media projection, including video,sound, and light experiments.
966xhibitions/Eventsew York. 9 Evenings: Theater andngineering, 69th Regiment Armory.rganized by Billy Kliiver. Mixededia performance events with collabo
ation between ten artists and fortyngineers. Video projection used inorks of Alex Hay, Robert Rauschenrg, David Tudor, Robert Whitman.
elma Last Year by Ken Dewey, Nework Film Festival at Lincoln Center,
,.
Bruce Nauman, Live Taped Video Corridor, 1969-70. Installation at the WhitneyMuseum, New York.
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Philharmonic Hall Lobby. Multichannel video installation with photographsby Bruce Davidson, music by TerryRiley.
1967Exhibitions/EventsMinneapolis. Light/ Motion/ Space,Walker Art Center in collaboration withHoward Wise Gallery, New York. Travels to Milwaukee Art Center. Includesvideo works by Nam June Paik, AldoTambellini, and others.New York. Festival of Lights, HowardWise Gallery. Exhibition of kinetic lightworks that include video works by SergeBoutourline, Nam June Paik, AldoTambellini, and others.Rockefeller Foundation awards firstvideo fellowship.Electronic Blues by Nam June Paikin "Lights in Orbit," Howard WiseGallery. Viewer-participation videoinstallation.
Television/ProductionsBoston. WGBH-TV inaugurates artistin-residence program with grant fromthe Rockefeller Foundation.What's Happening, Mr. Silver?~GBH-TV.Host, David Silver. Experimental collage/information series inwhich several dozen inputs are mixedlive and at random.San Francisco. Experimental TelevisionWorkshop, KQED-TV. Directors, BriceHoward and Paul Kaufman. Established with Rockefeller Foundationgrant. In 1969 renamed National Center for Experiments in Television(NCET), funded by the Corporation forPublic Broadcasting and the NationalEndowment for the Arts. Ends 1976.
1968Exhibitions/EventsNew York. Black: Video by Aldo Tambellini in "Some More Beginnings,"Brooklyn Museum. Organized by Experiments in Art and Technology.Electronic Art II by Nam June Paik,Galeria Bonino.Intermedia '68. Theater Workshop forStudents and the Brooklyn Academy ofMusic. Organized by John Brockman.Funded through the New York StateCouncil on the Arts. Exhibition includesenvironmental video performances, lightand film projections, videotapes. Videoby Ken Dewey with Jerry Walter,Les Levine with George Fan, AldoTambellini.Iris by Les Levine. First shown publiclyin artist's studio. Sculpture with sixmonitors and three video cameras, commissioned by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kardon. Collection, Philadelphia Museum
of Art.The Machine as Seen at the End of theMechanical Age, The Museum of Modern Art. Director of exhibition, PontusHulten. Exhibition includes video artparticularly Nam June Paik's Nixo~Tape. McLuhan Caged. and LindsayTape on unique tape-loop device.Time Situation by David Lamelas in"Beyond Geometry," Center for InterAmerican Relations. An installationusing television monitors in exhibitionsponsored by the Instituto Torcuato diTella, Buenos Aires.Washington, D.C. Cybernetic Serendipity: The Computer and the Arts, TheCorcoran Gallery. Travels to Palace ofArt and Science, San Francisco.Director of exhibition, Jasia Reichardt.Exhibition originated at Institute ofContemporary Art, London; Americanshowing augmented by work selected byJames Harithas. Includes video work byNam June Paik.
OrganizationsNew York. Black Gate Theater, for electromedia events, and Gate Theater, forexperimental independent cinemaFounded by Aldo Tambellini.Commediation. Video productiongroup. Original members: David Cort,Frank Gillette, Howard Gudstadt, KenMarsh, Harvey Simon. Ends 1969.Young FilmekersfVideo Arts. Educational organization with training services, workshops, production facilities.Director, Roger Larson.San Francisco. Ant Farm. Artists'me~ia/architecturegroup. Founded byChip Lord and Doug Michels; joined byCurtis Schreier in 1971. Other membersinclude Kelly Gloger, Joe Hall, HudsonMarquez, Allen Rucker, MichaelWright. Disbands 1978.Land Truth Circus. Experimental videocollective. Founded by Doug Hall,Diane Hall, Jody Proctor. In 1972 renamed Truthco; in 1975, T. R. Uthco.Ends 1978.Santa Clara, Calif. The Electric Eye.Video collective. Founded by Tim Barger, Jim Mandis, Jim Murphy, MichelleNewman, Skip Sweeney. Ends 1970.
Television/ProductionsNew York. The Underground Sundae byAndy Warhol. Warhol commissioned tomake sixty-second commercial forSchraff's Restaurant.San Francisco. Sorcery by Loren Searsand Robert Zagone. Experimental Television Workshop, KQED-TV. Livebroadcast program using special-effectsimagery.
1969Exhibitions/EventsNew York. TV as a Creative Medium,Howard Wise Gallery. First Americanexhibition devoted entirely to video art.Works by Serge Boutourline, Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider. Nam June Paik(with Charlotte Moorman), Earl Reiback, Paul Ryan, John Seery, Eric Siegel, Thomas Tadlock, Aldo Tambellini,Joe Weintraub.Los Angeles. Corridor by Bruce Nauman, Nicholas Wilder Gallery. Installation with video.
OrganizationsCambridge. Center for Advanced VisualStudies, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT). Established for artists to explore art and technology.Founded by Gyorgy Kepes. Director,Otto Piene.New York. Channel One. Video theateroffering comic programming featuringChevy Chase. Director, Ken Shapiro.Technical Director, Eric Siegel.Global Village. Begins as video collective with information and screening center. Becomes media center devoted toindependent video production with emphasis on video documentary. Foundedby John Reilly, Ira Schneider, RudiStern. Directors, John Reilly and JulieGustafson.Raindance Corporation. Collectiveformed for experimental production. In1971 becomes Raindance Foundation,devoted to research and development ofvideo as a creative and communicationsmedium, with screening program. Members: Frank Gillette, Michael Shamberg, Steve Salonis, Marco Vassi, LouisJaffe; soon after, Ira Schneider and PaulRyan, and then Beryl Korot.Videofreex. Experimental video group.Members: Skip Blumberg, Nancy Cain,David Cort, Bart Friedman, DavidsonGigliotti, Chuck Kennedy, Curtis Ratcliff, Parry Teasdale, Carol Vontobel,Tunie Wall, Ann Woodward.
Television/ProductionsBoston. The Medium Is the Medium,WGBH-TV. Produced by Fred Barzyk,Anne Gresser, Pat Marx. First presentation of works by independent video artists aired on television. Thirty-minuteprogram with works by Allan Kaprow,Nam June Paik, Otto Piene, JamesSeawright, Thomas Tadlock, AIdaTambellini.New York. Subject to Change, SQNProductions for CBS. Produced by DonWest. Program of videotapes initiatedby Don West with CBS and produced byVideofreex and other members of thevideo community. Videotapes produced
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on all aspects of the counterculture (alternate schools, communes, radicals,Blank Panthers, riots, demonstrations,etc.). Never broadcast.
1970Exhibitions/Events,New York. A.I.R. by Les Levine in~'Software," the Jewish Museum. Curator, Jack Burnham. Eighteen-monitorvideo insta llation.information. The Museum of ModernArt. Curator, Kynaston McShine.Exhibition includes videotapes andinstallations from U.S., Europe, LatinAmerica.Warehouse Show, Leo Castelli Gallery.Includes video installation by KeithSonnier.Plainfield. Vt. The First Gathering:Alternate Media Project, Goddard College. Media conference.San Francisco. Body Works, Museum ofConceptual Art. Videotapes by Vito1\cconci, Terry Fox, Bruce Nauman,Dennis Oppenheim, Keith Sonnier, WiIIiam Wegman. Organized by Willoughby Sharp. First video exhibition onthe West Coast.
~i10 T. Farnsworth Video Obelisk by
kip Sweeney, Intersection Theater,ultichannel video installation.altham. Mass. Vision and Television,
kose Art Museum, Brandeis University.brganized by Russell Connor. Works byfrank Gillette, Ted Kraynik, Leslevine, Eugene Mattingly, Nam June
'faik (with Charlotte Moorman), John
~eillY and Rudi Stern, Paul Ryan, Irachneider, Eric Siegel, Aldo Tambel
ini, Jud Yalkut, USCO/Intermedia,ideofreex, Joe Weintraub.
~rganiZatiOnS
inghamton, N.Y. Experimental Televiion Center. Originally Community
Center for Television Production. Production/post-production center emphasizing synthesized and computer-generated imagery. Directors, Ralph Hockingand Sherry Miller. In 1979 moves toOwego, N.Y.\1enlo Park, Calif. Media Access Center, Portola Institute. Alternative televiI,ion resource emphasizing communitylind high school video programs. Origi'ral members: Pat Crowley, RichardKletter, Allen Rucker, Shelley Surpin.Ends 1972.i~ew York. Creative Artists Public Ser'lice (CAPS) awards fellowships in vid~.
filectronic Arts Intermix. Founded byHoward Wise after he closes his gallery;ncorporated 1971. Explores video as aInedium of personal expression and~mmunication. In 1972 establishes
Aldo Tarnbellini, Black Gate Th eater. 1967, mult imed ia perform ance.
Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider. Wipe Cycle. 1969. Insta llation in Tt/ as aCreative Medium. Howard Wise Gallery. ew York .
John Reilly and Stefan Moore, Irish Tapes. 1972-73.
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editing/post-production facility. In1973 begins Artists Videotape Distribution Service.New York State Council on the Artsforms TV/Media Program. Directorsinclude Peter Bradley, Paul Ryan, Russell Connor, Gilbert Konishi, Lydia Silman, Nancy Legge, John Giancola.People's Video Theater. Alternativevideo journalism collective emphasizingcommunity video and political issues.Conducts weekend screenings in whichthe audience discussions are taped andreplayed. Founded by Elliot Glass, KenMarsh. Members include Judy Fiedler,Howard Gudstadt, Molly Hughes, BenLevine, Richard Malone, Elaine Milosh,Richard Nusser.San Francisco. Museum of ConceptualArt (MOCA). Alternative museum created for performance and multimediaart. Founded by Tom Marioni.Video Free America. Video productiongroup with post-production and screening programs. Founded by Arthur Ginsberg, Skip Sweeney. Directors: JoanneKelly, Skip Sweeney.Syracuse, N.Y. Synapse Video Center(formerly University Community UnionVideo). Video production and post-production center. Directors include LanceWisniewski, Henry Baker. Closes 1980.
Television/ProductionsBoston. Nam June Paik and Shuya Abedevelop Paik/Abe synthesizer whileartists-in-residence at WGBH-TV.Violence Sonata by Stan VanDerBeek,WGBH-TV. Live broadcast performance with videotape, film, and participation of studio and phone-in audienceon theme of violence.New York. Eric Siegel builds ElectronicVideo Synthesizer with financial assistance from Howard Wise.San Francisco. Stephen Beck buildsDirect Video Synthesizer I, funded inpart by the National Endowment for theArts.
PublicationsFUm and Video Makers Travel Sheet(Pittsburgh: Museum of Art, CarnegieInstitute). Monthly listing of artists'appearances, new works, events.Radical Software (New York: Raindance Foundation). Alternative videomagazine and information channel fordistribution and exchange of videoworks. Published 1970-74, vols. 1-2.Coeditors, Phyllis Gershuny and BerylKorot. Publishers, Ira Schneider andMichael Shamberg.Expanded Cinema by Gene Youngblood(New York: E. P. Dutton). First publication to cover video art.
1971Exhibitions/EventsBerkeley, Calif. Tapes from All Tribes,Pacific Film Archive, University of California. Organized by Video Free America. Exhibition of videotapes by over 100American artists.The Television Environment, UniversityArt Museum. Produced by WilliamAdler and John Margolies for Telethon.Circulates through American Federation of Arts.New York. Eighth New York AvantGardeFestival, 69th Regiment Armory.Director, Charlotte Moorman. Individual video projects by ShirleyClarke, Douglas Davis, Ken Dominick,Ralph Hocking, Nam June Paik, EricSiegel, Steina and Woody Vasulka, Videofreex.Electronic Art III by Nam June Paikand Shuya Abe with Charlotte Moorman, Galeria Bonino. Exhibition withPaik-Abe synthesizer.Installation works by Vito Acconci, BillBeckley, Terry Fox, William Wegmanat 93 Grand Street. Organized by Willoughby Sharp.Projects: Keith Sonnier, The Museumof Modern Art. Environmental videoinstallation. Beginning of "Projects"exhibition program.A Special Videotape Show, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. New American Filmmakers Series. Organized byDavid Bienstock. Videotapes by IsaacAbrams, Shridhar Bapat, Stephen Beck,John Randolph Carter, Douglas Davis,Dimitri Devyatkin, Ed Emshwiller,Richard Felciano, Carol Herzer, JoanneKyger, Richard Lowenberg, AlwinNikolais, Nam June Paik (with Charlotte Moorman), Charles Phillips, TerryRiley, Eric Siegel, Skip Sweeney, AldoTambellini, Steina and Woody Vasulka,WGBH-TV, Robert Zagone.Ten Video Performances, Finch CollegeMuseum of Contemporary Art. Organized by Elayne Varian. Works by VitoAcconci, Peter Campus, Douglas Davis,Dan Graham, Alex Hay, Bruce Nauman, Claes Oldenburg, Nam June Paik,Robert Rauschenberg, Steve Reich,Eric Siegel, Simone Whitman.Perception. Group of artists interestedin alternative uses of video, explorevideo programming in conjunction withElectronic Intermix. Founded by EricSiegel and Steina and Woody Vasulka.Subsequent members: Juan Downey,Frank Gillette, Beryl Korot, AndyMann, Ira Schneider. Disbands 1973.T. P. Video Space Troupe. Experimentalworkshop exploring two-way video.Founded by Shirley Clarke. Originalmembers include Wendy Clarke, Bruce
Ferguson, Andy Gurian. DiSbandS,!1977.Women's Interart Center. Organizationlto create interdisciplinary collaborationinvolving writers, visual artists, perfor-lmance artists, video artists. In 1972:begins post-production center. Offersworkshops, produces videotapes, spon]sors artists-in-residence. Director, Mar.:got Lewitin. Video directors includeCarolyn Kresky, Jenny Goldberg, SusanMilano, Ann Volkes, Wendy Ciarke'lVeronica Geist. 'Media Equipment Resource Centerl(MERC), initiated by Young Filmak·iers/Video Arts. Equipment loan serviceifor artists and organizations. In 1977ireorganizes as access service with TV,studio, equipment loan, and post-production divisions.New OreIeans. New Orleans VideoAccess Center (NOVAC). Founded'through VISTA to provide video access'to low-income community. Becomesproduction center with access. •Syracuse, N.Y. Everson Museum estab-'lishes first video department in a majormuseum, under direction of James Harithas. Video curators include DavidRoss, Richard Simmons. Departmentcloses 1981.Washington, D.C. National Endowmentfor the Arts initiates Public Media Program. Directors include Chloe Aaron,Brian O'Doherty. In 1977 becomesMedia Arts Program.Washington, D.C. Fifty independentproducers from numerous video collectives join together to videotape Maydayanti-Vietnam War demonstration. Theirvideotapes of political speeches andorganizations, riots, arrests, and eventsare collectively edited at the VideofreexPrince Street studio, New York.
OrganizationsChicago. Videopolis. Video/resourceteaching center. Founded by AndaKorsts. Closes 1978.Ithaca, N.Y. Ithaca Video Projects.Organization for promotion of electronic communication. Director, PhillipMallory Jones.Lanesville, N.Y. Media Bus. Foundedby the Videofreex. Media center begins'producing "Lanesville TV," weekly program about the community that is the'first low-power television (LPTV) sta-:tion. In 1979 Media Bus moves toWoodstock and operates a post-produc-ition facility, distribution and consulting:services, and produces programming foricable. Current members: Nancy Cain,1Tobe Carey, Bart Friedman. 1
New York. Alternate Media CentersSchool of the Arts, New York Uni-Iversity. Funded by the John and Mary]
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Markle Foundation to explore the usesof broadcast telecommunications.Founded by Red Burns and GeorgeStoney. Director, Red Burns.
The Electronic Kitchen. Screening andperformance center for the electronicarts at Mercer Arts Center. Founded bySteina and Woody Vasulka, AndresMannik. Subsequently The KitchenCenter for Video, Music and Dance.Video Directors include Shridhar Bapat, Dimitri Devyatkin, Carlota Schoolman, RoseLee Goldberg, Jackie Kain,Greg Miller, Tom Bowes, Amy Taubin.Open Channel. Organization for development of public access. Produces community programming, conducts workshops, school programs, and organizestalent pool of film and television professionals to produce public-access programming. Founded by Thea Sklover.Director of Programming, Lee Ferguson. Ends 1976.
Television/ProductionsBoston. Video Variations, WGBH-TV.Collaboration between Boston Symphony Orchestra and artists JackieCassen, Russell Connor, Douglas Davis,Constantine Manos, Nam June Paik,James Seawright, Stan VanDerBeek,Tsai Wen- Ying. Produced by FredBarzyk.New York. Artists' Television Workshop, WNET-TV. Established throughefforts of Jackie Cassen, Russell Connor, Nam June Paik, with initial grantfrom New York State Council on theArts to support experimental projects byindependents.New York City mandates public accessas part of its cable franchise.Providence, R.I. Satellite program of theNational Center for Experiments inTelevision (NCET) established by BriceHoward at Rhode Island School ofDesign; also at Southern MethodistUniversity, Dallas, and Southern IllinoisUniversity, Edwardsville.Washington, D.C. Electronic Hokkadim I by Douglas Davis, Corcoran Gallery of Art, and WTOP-TV. Live broadcast piece with two-way communicationvia telephone.
PublicationsGuerrilla Television by Michael Shamberg and Raindance Corporation (NewYork: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston).Manual of alternative television withgraphics by Ant Farm.
1972Exhibitions /EventsMinneapolis. First Annual NationalVideo Festival, Minneapolis College ofArt and Design and Walker Art Center.
Dan Grah am, TV Ca meral Monitor Per formance, j ova Scotia College of Art a ndDesign. Hal ifax, 1970.
Vito Acconci, Remote Control, 1971.
•Panel of the First Annual National Video Festival, Minneapolis College of Art andDesign and Walker Art Center, 1972 (Left to Right: Gene Youngblood, GeorgeStoney, Nam June Paik, Russell Connor. Tom Drysdale).
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Organized by Tom Drysdale. Consistsof workshops, screenings, panel discussion. Participants include Peter Campus, Russell Connor, Ed Emshwiller,Nam June Paik, Barbara Rose, IraSchneider, George Stoney, Aldo Tambellini, Gene Youngblood.New York. Peter Campus, BykertGallery. One-man show with videoinstallations.First Women's Video Festival, TheKitchen at Mercer Arts Center. Organized by Susan Milano. Includes workby Jackie Cassen, Maxi Cohen, YokoMaruyama, Susan Milano, Queer BlueLight Video, Keiko Tsuno, Steina andWoody Vasulka, Women's Video Collective; and dance/video performanceby Judith Scott, Elsa Tambellini.Ninth Annual New York Avant-GardeFestival, Alexander Hamilton HudsonRiverboat. Director, Charlotte Moorman. Includes special video projects byover fifteen artists.Santa Clara, Calif. First St. Jude Invitational ofVideoArt, de Saisset Galleryand Art Museum, University of SantaClara. Organized by David Ross. Worksby John Baldessari, Lynda Benglis,George Bolling, Douglas Davis, TakaIimura, Videofreex, William Wegman.Syracuse, N.Y. Douglas Davis: AnExhibition Inside and Outside theMuseum, Everson Museum of Art, withWCNY-TV. An exhibition with livetelecast, "Talk Out!"Nam June Paik, Everson Museum ofArt. Tapes, installations, and performance, with Charlotte Moorman.
OrganizationsBuffalo, N.Y. Media Study/Buffalo.Center for videotape production andexhibition. President, Gerald O'Grady;Video/Electronic Arts Curator, JohnMinkowsky.New York. Castelli-Sonnabend Videotapes and Films. Videotape distributionservice. Founded by Leo Castelli andIleana Sonnabend. Directors includeJoyce Nereaux, Patricia Brundage.Downtown Community Television Center (DCTV). Educational and production organization. Founded by JonAlpert, Keiko Tsuno.Fiji Corday Productions. Organizationto assist artists' production. Founded byCarlota Schoolman.Survival Arts Media. Video collectiveemphasizing community education andhealth programs, programs on artistsand artistic processes, and multimediashows. Members include Gail Edwards,Howard Gudstadt, Molly Hughes,Ben Levine, Danny Luciano, RichardMalone.
Rochester, N.Y. Portable Channel.Video resource center with workshops,visiting artists series, equipment access,productions. Directors include BonnieKlein, Sanford Rockowitz, John Camelio, Robert Shea, Tim Kelly.St. Louis. Double Helix. Media Centerwith production and post-productionfacilities, audio/video workshops.San Francisco. Optic Nerve. Documentary production collective producing political and social documentaries.Original members include Lynn Adler,Jules Backus, Jim Mayer, SherrieRabinowitz, John Rogers, Mya Shone.Disbands 1979.Top Value Television (TVTV). Independent documentary production groupforms to provide alternative coverage ofthe Democratic and Republican conventions in Miami; the first use of half-inchvideotape on broadcast television.Original production by Hudson Marquez,Allen Rucker, Michael Shamberg, TomWeinberg, Megan Williams, and members of Ant Farm, Raindance, andVideofreex collectives. Other membersof TVTV include Wendy Apple, Michael Couzens, Paul Goldsmith, BetsyGuignon, Stanton Kaye, Anda Korsts,Andy Mann, Elon Soltes. Disbands1977.Woodstock, N.Y. Woodstock Community Video. Production center andresource for community video. Initiateslocal cable programming. Begins Artists' TV Lab, which movesto Rhinebeckin 1976. From 1975 to 1977 presentsWoodstock Video Expovision, a festivalof New York State artists. Founded byKen Marsh. Members include BarbaraBuckner, Bob Dacy, Gary Hill, StevenKolpan, Elaine Milosh. Ends 1978.
Television/ProductionsBoston. Music Image Workshop,WGBH-TV. Project by Ron Hays usingPaik-Abe synthesizer to produce tapesrelating to music and video imagery.The Very First On-the-Air Half-InchVideotape Festival Ever: People Television, WGBH-TV. Produced by HenryBecton with Fred Barzyk, DorothyChiesa. Live studio event includinghome viewer call-ins, tape screenings,and interviews with artists, engineers,business people, educators, students.Chicago. Dan Sandin builds Image Processor, and eventually, with Phil Morton, makes plans available to artists.New York. Scape-mates by Ed Emshwiller, the Television Laboratory atWNET/Thirteen. Videotape with complex mixing of live actors and computergraphics.The Television Laboratory at WNET/Thirteen. Directors include David Lox-
ton, Carol Brandenburg. Founded withgrants from the Rockefeller Foundationand New York State Council on theArts. First year initiates artist-in-residence program with Shirley Clarke,Douglas Davis, Ed Emshwiller, NamJune Paik.San Francisco. Electronic Notebooks byStephen Beck, KQED-TV. Series oftapes produced with Bill Gwin, DonHallock, Warner Jepson, Bill Roarty,Willard Rosenquist.Washington, D.C. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requiresthat all cable franchises have at leastone public-access channel.
PublicationsBetween Paradigms: The Mood and ItsPurpose by Frank Gillette (New York:Gordon and Breach).Print (New York: RC Publications).Special video issue. Guest editor, Robertde Havilland. Contributors: FredBarzyk, Rudi Bass, Rose DeNeue, Bernard Owett, Sheldon Satin, MichaelShamberg.
1973Exhibitions/EventsLos Angeles. William Wegman. LosAngeles County Museum of Art. Exhibition of drawings and tapes.NewYork. International Computer ArtsFestival, The Kitchen at Mercer ArtsCenter. Organized by Dimitri Devyatkin. Includes music, poetry, film, video.The Irish Tapes by John Reilly andStefan Moore, The Kitchen at MercerArts Center. Installation with threechannels and twelve monitors.1973 Biennial Exhibition, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. First inclusion of video in Biennial exhibition.Includes videotapes by seven artists andinstallation by Peter Campus.Tenth New York Avant-Garde Festival,Grand Central Station. Director, Charlotte Moorman. Includes special videoprojects by over seventeen artists.Syracuse, N.Y. Circuit: A Video Invitational, Everson Museum of Art.Curated by David Ross. Traveling exhibition of videotapes by over sixty-fiveartists. Travels to Henry Gallery,University of Washington, Seattle;Cranbrook Academy of Art Museum,Bloomfield Hills, Mich.; KolnischerKunstverein, Cologne, West Germany;Greenville County Museum of Art,Greenville, S.C.; and in 1974, Museumof Fine Arts, Boston.Frank Gillette: Video Process andMeta-Process, Everson Museum of Art.Videotapes and installations.
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Paul Ryan, Ritual of Triadi c Relations. 1971- 76, 1984.
am June Paik, Hanging TV "Fish Flies on Sky ," 1975- 80, 30 color televisions.Collecti on: the arti st; © 1976 Peter Moore.
255Fall 1985
OrganizationsChicago. University of Illinois at Chicago. Dan Sandin and Tom DeFantiinitiate video/computer graphicscourses.Minneapolis. University CommunityVideo. Center devoted to independentproduction. In 1981 begins exhibitionand distribution.New York. Cable Arts Foundation.Founded by Russell Connor. Organization for production and distribution ofanthology and art series to cable systemsand for encouragement of local artsprogramming.John Simon Guggenheim Foundationawards first video fellowship.Visual Resources. Director, Eva KroyWisbar. Distribution/information service including video. Publishes Art &Cinema. including coverage of video.Portland, Ore. Northwest Film StudyCenter initiates Northwest Film andVideo Festival. Directors include RobertSitton and Bill Foster. In 1979 FilmStudy Center begins workshops andexhibitions in video.Rochester, N.Y. Visual Studies Workshop establishes media center. Production facility with workshops and exhibitions. Begins publication of Afterimagewith coverage of video. Director, Nathan Lyons. Media center coordinatorsinclude Wayne Luke, Laddy Kite,Arthur Tsuchiya, Nancy Norwood.
Television/ProductionsNew York. Steve Rutt and Bill Etradevelop Rutt/Etra scan processor.San Francisco. Videola, San FranciscoMuseum of Art. Environmental sculpture by Don Hallock with multiple display of synthesized video works createdat National Center for Experiments inTelevision (NCET), KQED-TV. Worksby Stephen Beck with Don Hallock andAnn Turner, William Gwin withWarner Jepson, Don Hallock.
PublicationsSpaghetti City Video Manual by theVideofreex (New York: Praeger). Alternative equipment manual.
1974Exhibitions/EventsIthaca, N.Y. First Annual Ithaca VideoFestival, Ithaca Video Projects. In 1976
i festival begins to tour.! Los Angeles. Collector's Video, Los
Angeles County Museum of Art. Organizer, Jane Livingston. Works by John
. Baldessari, Peter Campus, Terry Fox,
. Frank Gillette, Nancy Holt , Joan Jonas, Mary Lucier, Fire Writing. 1975.Paul Kos, Richard Landry, Andy Mann,Robert Morris, Bruce Nauman, Richard Serra, Keith Sonnier, WilliamWegman. Mary Lucier, Fire Writing, 1975.
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Minneapolis. New Learning Spaces andPlaces, Walker Art Center. Includesinstallation by Frank Gillette and videotapes by James Byrne, Peter Campus,Juan Downey, Frank Gillette, AndyMann, Ira Schneider, University Community Video, William Wegman.Projected Images, Walker Art Center.Includes video installation by PeterCampus and performance with videowith Joan Jonas.New York. Electronic Art IV by NamJune Paik, Galeria Bonino.Open Circuits: The Future of Television. The Museum of Modern Art. Organized by Fred Barzyk, Douglas Davis,Gerald O'Grady, Willard Van Dyke.International video conference withexhibition of tapes. Participants includemuseum educators and curators, cable and educational televisionproducers, artists and art critics fromU.S., Canada, Latin America, Europe,Japan.Projects: Video, The Museum of Modern Art. Curator, Barbara London.Beginning of continuing series of videoexhibitions. Program expands withfunding from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1976.Video Performance, 112 Green Street.Video performances by Vito Acconci,Joseph Beuys, Chris Burden, DennisOppenheim, Ulrike Rosenbach, RichardSerra with Robert Bell, Willoughby Sharp, Keith Sonnier, WilliamWegman.Syracuse. Videa 'n' Videology: NamJune Paik; 1959-73, Everson Museumof Art. Curator, David Ross. Retrospective of artist's videotapes, with catalogedited by Judson Rosebush.Video and the Museum, Everson Museum of Art. Organized by David Ross.Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.Conference with workshops for curatorsand administrators on the role of videoin the museum. Concurrent exhibitions:Peter Campus, Closed Circuit Video;Juan Downey, Video Trans AmericasDe-Briefing Pyramid (a video/danceperformance with Carmen Beuchat);Andy Mann, Video Matrix; and IraSchneider, Manhattan Is an Island.Washington, D.C. Art Now 74: A Celebration of the American Arts, John F.Kennedy Center for the PerformingArts. Includes twenty-three videotapes.
OrganizationsBayville, N.Y. Inter-Media Art Center(IMAC). Multipurpose production facility with post-production workshopsand exhibitions. Director, MichaelRothbard.Long Beach, Calif. Long Beach MuseumofArt begins video exhibition programand collection of videotapes. Video cura-
tors include David Ross, Nancy Drew,Kathy Huffman. In 1976 begins production center with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation; in 1979 productionis moved to new facility and called theStation/Annex.New York. Anthology Film Archivesbegins video program. Director, JonasMekas. Video Curators include ShigekoKubota, Bob Harris. Includes exhibition, preservation, archive of videotapesand printed matter, screenings. In 1983begins publication of Video Texts. anannual magazine on video art organizedby Robert Haller, Bob Harris.Association of Independent Video andFilmmakers (AIVF). Founded by EdLynch. Directors include Alan Jacobs,Lawrence Sapadin. National trade association of independent producers andindividuals. Begins publishing The Independent on media issues. In 1975 establishes The Foundation for IndependentVideo and Film (FIVF) as an educational organization.Anna Canepa Video Distribution (originally Video Distribution, Inc.). Distribution service of artists' tapes.The Kitchen Center for Video, Musicand Dance (formerly The ElectronicKitchen) relocates to Broome Street andbegins daytime exhibition program.Inaugural show includes videotapes andthree video installations by Bill Viola.Providence, R.I. Electron Movers. Videoart collective with gallery space, equipment resources, workshops, and visitingartist series. Founded by Dennis Hlynsky, Robert Jungels, Laurie McDonald,Alan Powell. In 1975 Ed Tannenbaumjoins. Disbands 1980.San Francisco. La Mamelle. Artists'space for video, audio, and marginalworks. Directors, Carl Loeffler andNancy Frank.Seattle. and/or. Space for multimediaexhibitions, productions, performanceart. In 1979 establishes 911, VideoLibrary. In 1981 media programbecomes Focal Point Media Center.Founded by Ann Focke, Robert Garner,Ken Leback. Video Curators, NorieSa to, Heather Oakson.
Television/ProductionsBoston. New Television Workshop,WGBH-TV. Established with grantfrom the Rockefeller Foundation andthrough the efforts of David Atwood,Fred Barzyk, Dorothy Chiesa, RonHays, Rich Hauser, Olivia Tappan.Director, Fred Barzyk. Producers include Dorothy Chiesa, Susan Dowling,Nancy Mason Hauser, Olivia Tappan.Video: The New Wave, WGBH-TV.Program of video artists, includingDavid Atwood, Stephen Beck, PeterCampus, Douglas Davis, Ed Emshwill-
er, Bill Etra, Frank Gillette, Don Hallock, Ron Hays, Nam June Paik, OttoPiene, Rudi Stern, Stan VanDerBeek,William Wegman. Writer and narrator,Brian O'Doherty.New York. Cuba: The People by JonAlpert and Keiko Tsuno, Public Broadcasting System (PBS). First documentary videotape using half-inch colorequipment to be broadcast by publictelevision.Rochester, N.Y. Television Workshop,WXXI-TV. Directors include Ron Hagell, Pat Faust, Carvin Eison. Ends1981.
PublicationsArts Magazine (New York: Art Digest).Special video issue. Contributions byEric Cameron, Russell Connor, Hermine Freed, Dan Graham, ShigekoKubota, Bob and Ingrid Wiegand.Cybernetics ofthe Sacred by Paul Ryan(Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/Doubleday).Independent Video, A Complete Guideto the Physics, Operation, and Application of the New Television for the Student, Artist, and for Community TV byKen Marsh (San Francisco: StraightArrow Books).The Prime Time Survey by Top ValueTelevision (TVTV). Report on status ofvideo and its directions.
1975Exhibitions/EventsDallas. The Eternal Frame by T. R.Uthco and Ant Farm. Reenactment ofJohn F. Kennedy assassination for videotape. Presented as installation at LongBeach Museum of Art in 1976.Long Beach, Calif. Southland VideoAnthology, Long Beach Museum of Art.Extended series of five exhibitions byCalifornia artists.Americans in Florence, Europeans inFlorence, Long Beach Museum of Art.Organized by Maria Gloria Bicocchiand David Ross. Traveling exhibitionwith videotapes produced by Art/Tapes/22, Florence.New York. First Annual Video Documentary Festival, initiated by VideoStudy Center of Global Village.1975 Biennial Exhibition, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. Includeswork by eighteen video artists.Projected Video, Whitney Museum ofAmerican Art. Projected videotapes byWilliam Adler and John Margolies,John Baldessari, Lynda Benglis, PeterCampus, Douglas Davis, Bill Etra, Hermine Freed, Shigeko Kubota, Nam JunePaik, Richard Serra, Keith Sonnier,Steina and Woody Vasulka, WilliamWegman.
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Philadelphia. Video Art, Institute ofContemporary Art, University of Penn-sylvania. Curator, Suzanne Delehanty.Exhibition documenting the development of video art through videotapesand installations. Travels to Contemporary Art Center, Cincinnati; Museum ofContemporary Art, Chicago; Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn.; andSao Paulo Biennale, Sao Paulo, Brazil.San Francisco. Media Burn by AntFarm, Cow Palace. July Fourth performance/media event.Moebius Video Show, San FranciscoArt Festival. First exhibition of video inthe Art Festival. Includes work by AntFarm, Terry Fox, Phil Garner, JoanneKelly, Darryl Sapien, Skip Sweeney. T.R. Uthco/ Ant Farm, Eternal Fram e. 1975.Walk Series by Peter D'Agostino, 80Langton Street. Video installation andfirst event at 80 Langton Street, analternative space initially sponsored bythe San Francisco Art Dealers Association. In 1976 becomes an independentspace with emphasis on alternative artforms.
OrganizationsHarford, Conn. Real Art Way. Arts center with video exhibitions and library.Video coordinators include David Donihue, Gary Hogan, Ruth Miller.New York. Independent Cinema Artistsand Producers (I<;::AP) forms to represent independent film and video artiststo cable systems. President, KittyMorgan.The Museum of Modern Art beginscollection of videotapes.
Television/ProductionsNew York. Video and Television Review(VTR), the Television Laboratory atWNET/Thirteen. Executive Producer, Peter Campus, Three Transitions, 1975.Carol Brandenburg. Yearly broadcastseries of tapes from U.S. and Europe. In1979 renamed Video/Film Review.
1976Exhibitions/EventsBerkeley, Calif. Commissioned VideoWorks, University Art Museum. Organized by Jim Melchert. Fifteen artistscommissioned to make tapes of underfour-minute duration. Includes EleanorAntin, David Askevold, Siah Armajani,John Baldessari, Robert Cumming,John Fernie, Hilla Futterman, LeonardHunter, Anda Korsts, Les Levine, PaulMcCarthy, George Miller, Dennis Oppenheim, Robert Watts, WilliamWegman.Boston. Changing Channels. Museumof Fine Arts and Museum School Gallery. Exhibition of videotapes producedby independent artists at experimentaltelevision broadcast centers: WGBH,
Shi geko Kubota, N ude Descending a Staircase. 1976.
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Boston; WNET, New York; andKQED, San Francisco.San Francisco. Video Art: An Overview,San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.Organized by David Ross. Exhibition ofthirty-three videotapes by twenty-nineartists. Installations by Peter Campus,Paul and Marlene Kos, Nam JunePaik.Syracuse, N.Y. New Work in AbstractVideo Imagery, Everson Museum ofArt. Curator, Richard Simmons. Worksby forty artists using synthesizers, lasers, and computers.
OrganizationsBoston. Boston Film/Video Foundation. Offers screenings, educational programs, equipment resources. Foundedby Jon Rubin and Susan Woll. Directorsinclude Michelle Schofield and TomWylie.Chicago. Video Data Bank, School ofthe Art Institute of Chicago. Distribution and resource center for videotapeson artists and video art. Director, LynBlumenthal.New York. Asian Cine-Vision. Mediacenter in Chinatown producing AsianAmerican program series and programming for Chinese Cable Television.Conducts workshops, media and production services, and operates an AsianAmerican Media Archive. In 1982begins Asian-American InternationalVideo Festival. Director, Peter Chow.Donnell Library Center. New YorkPublic Library, establishes collection ofvideotapes. Founded by William Sloan.Video librarians have included MaryFeldstein, Michael Miller, Michael Gitlin, Lishin Yu.Franklin Furnace. Alternative spacewith archive, bibliography, exhibition,performance programs, including video.Director, Martha Wilson.New American Filmmaker Series,Whitney Museum of American Art.Continuing exhibition of independentfilm expands to include video art.Director, John Hanhardt.Pittsburgh. Independent Film andVideo Preview Network, PittsburghFilmmakers. Program of organized preview screenings of films and videotapesaround the country. Founded by SallyDixon and Robert Haller. Ends 1980.San Francisco. Bay Area Video Coalition founded with grant from theRockefeller Foundation. Production/post-production center with workshopsand exhibitions. Founding Director,Gail Waldron. Director, Morrie Warshawski.
Television/ProductionsLos Angeles. Video Art. Los AngelesTheta Cable, Long Beach Cablevision,
and Santa Barbara Cable TV. Cableseries produced by Some Serious Business and the Long Beach Museum ofArt. Ends t979.New York. Cable Soho. President,Jaime Davidovich. Independent organization for innovative arts programmingon cable television. In 1977 becomesArtists' Television Network.Image Union. Independent productioncompany forms to offer alternative coverage of the Democratic National Convention and Election Night. The FiveDay Bicycle Race and Mock TurtleSoup, taped segments with live phone-ininterviews, are shown on ManhattanCable Television.
PublicationsVideo Art: An Anthology (New York:Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich). Editors, Beryl Korot and Ira Schneider.First anthology of video criticism andstatements by video artists.Video: State of the Art by Joanna Gill(New York: The Rockefeller Foundation). Report on video activity in theUnited States.
1977OrganizationsAtlanta. Image Film/Video Center (Independent Media Artists of Georgia,Etc., Inc.). Media center with screenings, workshops, and equipment access.Begins the Atlanta Independent Filmand Video Festival (now the AtlantaFilm and Video Festival), an annualinternational showcase. Directors include Gayla Jamison, Anna Marie Piersimoni, Marsha Rifkin.Houston. Southwest Alternative MediaProject (SWAMP). Originally associated with the Rice Media Center atRice University. Media center with education program, lecture series, production and post-production technical assistance. Conducts Southwest Film andVideo Tour, artist-in-residence program, and annual Texpo film and videofestival. Produces local PBS series, "TheTerritory." Directors include Ed Hugetzand Tom Sims.New York. Locus Communications.Equipment access center with workshops, technical production services,cable programming, screenings. Founding Executive Director, Gerry Pallor.Port Washington, N.Y. Port Washington Library begins visiting artists program with exhibitions and presentations. Head of Media Services, LillianKatz.
Television/ProductionsBuffalo, N.Y. Steina and Woody Vasulka and Jeffrey Schier begin work onthe Digital Image Articulator, a digitalcomputer-imaging device.
Chicago. ZGRASS. Personal computergraphics system designed by artist TomDeFanti.Los Angeles. The Satellite Arts Projectby Kit Galloway and Sherrie Rabinowitz. Live interactive broadcast betweenCalifornia, Maryland, and Washington,D.C.New York. Documenta VI. Curator,Wulf Herzogenrath. Satellite performance project with Joseph Beuys,Douglas Davis, and Nam June Paikbroadcast internationally from Kassel,West Germany, presented throughWNET-TV.I ndependent Documentary Fund,WNET-TV. Excutive Producer, DavidLoxton. Coordinator, Kathy Kline. Established at the Television Laboratorywith grants from the Ford Foundationand the National Endowment for theArts to stimulate the production of independent documentaries.New York and San Francisco. Send/Receive Satellite Network. Coordinators Liza Bear and Keith Sonnier withsupport from the Public Interest Satellite Association (PISA) and NASA.Two-way satellite transmission betweenNew York and San Francisco withsimultaneous performances. Participants, in San Francisco: MargaretFischer, Terry Fox, Brad Gibbs, SharonGrace, Carl Loeffler, Richard Lowenberg, Alan Scarritt. In New York: LizaBear, Richard Landry, Nancy Lewis,Richard Peck, Betsy Sussler, Willoughby Sharp, Paul Shavelson, DuffSchweiniger, Keith Sonnier.
PublicationsThe New Television: A Public/PrivateArt. (Cambridge, Mass. and London:The MIT Press). Manifesto includingessays from the Open Circuits Conference at The Museum of Modern Art,New York, in 1974.
1978Exhibitions/EventsBuffalo. Vasulka: Steina-Machine Vision, Woody-Description, AlbrightKnox Gallery. Curator, Linda L.Cathcart. Exhibition of tapes andinstallations.New York. Aransas, Axis ofObservationby Frank Gillette, The Kitchen. Travelsto Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston; University Art Museum, Berkeley;and Academy of Fine Arts, Washington, D.C. Acquisitioned by UniversityArt Museum.Video Viewpoints, The Museum ofModern Art. Beginning of yearly lectureseries by independent videomakers.Pittsburgh. National Media Alliance ofMedia Arts Centers (NAMAC) holdsfirst conference. Hosted by PittsburghFilmmakers.
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Redington Beach, Fla. Chinsegut Film!Video Conference. Founded by CharlesLyman and Peter Melaragno. Conference with presentations to promoteinterchange among invited participantsand film- and videomakers.Venice, Calif. Video night by Some Serious Business. Weekly video screeningseries.
OrganizationsChicago. Chicago Editing Center. Production/post-production facility witheducation and exhibition programs. In1980 becomes Center for New Television. Directors include Cynthia Neal,Joyce Bollinger.
Television/ProductionsChicago. Image Union, WTTW-TV.Produced by Tom Weinberg. Weeklybroadcast of independent work.New York. Artists' Television Networkinitiates "Soho Television," regular programming of artists' videotapes and performances, and of "The Live! Show,"avant-grade variety show. Director,Jaime Davidovitch.Potato Wolf. Collaborative Projects.Artists' television series for cable beginsas live show and evolves into diversifiedprogramming with emphasis on narrative and performance-oriented workinvolving artists from diverse media.Regular producers include CaraBrownell, Mitch Corber, Albert Dimartino, Julie Harrison, Robert Klein,Terry Mohre, Alan Moore, Brian Piersol, Gary Pollard, Mindy Stevenson, JimSutcliffe, Maria Thompson, SallyWhite.1979Exhibitions/EventsLong Beach, Calif. N /A Vision, sponsored by Long Beach Museum of Art.Weekly circulating video screeningseries at Long Beach Museum of Art,Foundation of Art and Resources(FAR), and Highlands Art Agents.New York. Re- Visions: Projects andProposals in Film and Video, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. Curator,John Hanhardt. Video installations byBill Beirne; David Behrman, Bob Diamond and Robert Watts; and BukySchwartz.Videotapes by British Artists. TheKitchen. Curator, Steve Partridge.Works by David Crichley, David Hall,Tamara Krikorian, Stuart Marshall,Steve Partridge, and others.Videofrom Tokyo to Fukui and Kyoto.The Museum of Modern Art. Curator,Barbara London. A survey of the worksof thirteen contemporary Japanese artists. Travels to Long Beach Museum ofArt, Long Beach, Calif.; Vancouver ArtGallery, Vancouver, B.C.; and with
Stefan Moore and Claude Beller , Presumed Innocent , 1979.
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"Video New York, Seattle and LosAngeles" travels to Japan and Europe.Syracuse, N.Y. Everson Video Revue.Everson Museum of Art. Curator, Richard Simmons. Exhibition with videotapes by over fifty artists. Travels toMuseum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; University Art Museum, Berkeley,Calif.; in 1981, Museum of Contemporary Art, La Jolla, Calif.Berkeley, Calif. UniversityArt Museum,University of California at Berkeleyinstitutes regular weekend programming. Organized by David Ross. Ends1981.New York. The Media Alliance. Association of media arts organizations andindependent video producers in NewYork State designed to coordinateresources and promote the work of theindependent video community. Includesprogramming, exhibition, production,distribution. Directors include JadkieKain, Robin White.P.S. I begins video exhibition programwith emphasis on installations. VideoCurator, Bob Harris.
Television/ProductionsNew York. Communications Update.Center for New Art Activities. Originally the WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference) Report. Artistsseries for cable dealing with politicaland communications issues. Originalproducers: Liza Bear, Rolf Brand,Michael McClard, Willoughby Sharp.In 1983 becomes Cast Iron TV andprogramming diversifies. Producer,Liza Bear.Non-Fiction Television, WNETjThirteen. Broadcast series for IndependentDocumentary Fund.Public Interest Video Network. Executive Producer, Kim Spencer. Senior Editor, Nick DeMartino. Independent production company financed by the UrbanScientific and Educational Research(USER) presents live satellite coverageof an antinuclear demonstration inWashington, D.C., on the Public Broadcasting System (PBS). First time PBScarries a live public affairs programwhose editorial content was determinedby an organization outside its system.San Francisco. Producedfor Television,La Mamelle and KTSF-TV. Live broadcast of performance art. Works by ChrisBurden, Lynn Hershman and Rea Baldridge, Chip Lord and Phil Garner, Barbara Smith.
PublicationsVideo-Architecture- Television: Writingon Video and Video Works by DanGraham (Halifax, Nova Scotia andNew York: The Press of the Nova Scotia
College of Art and Design and the NewYork University Press).
1980Exhibitions/EventsBerkeley, Calif. and New York. VideoAbout Video: Four FrenchArtists, University Art Museum, University of California; and Teletheque-AllianceFrancaise, New York. Works by PaulArmand Gette, Philippe Oudard, Philippe Guerrier, Thierry Kuntzel.Buffalo N.Y. Installation: Video, Hallwalls. Exhibition with work by DaraBirnbaum, Patrick Clancy, WendyClarke, Brian Eno, Ken Feingold, DanGraham, Gary Hill, Sara Hornbacher,Shigeko Kubota.Lake Placid, N.Y. Art at the Olympics,1980 Winter Games. Videotapes by SkipBlumberg, Kit Fitzgerald and John Sanborn, Nam June Paik. Installations byWendy Clarke, Frank Gillette, IraSchneider, Buky Schwartz.Long Beach, Calif. California Video,Long Beach Museum of Art. Curator,Kathy Huffman. Works by Max Almy,Dan Boord, Ante Boznich, John Caldwell, Alba Cane, Helen DeMichiel,Tony Labat, Pier Marton, Tony Oursler, Jan Peacock, Patti Podesta, JoeReesjTarget Video, Nina Salerno, IleneSegalove, Starr Sutherland, "Captain"Bruce Walker, Bruce and NormanYonemoto.New York. Love Tapes in New York byWendy Clarke. Live interactive installation and tapes exhibited at the WorldTrade Center with selections shown oncable television and WNETjThirteen.Television] Society j Art, The Kitchen.Organized by Ron Clark and MaryMacArthur. Colloquium presented byThe Kitchen and the American FilmInstitute. Participants include BenjaminBuchloh, Julianne Burton, Nick DeMartino, Stephen Heath, Fredric Jameson, Rosalind Krauss, Mark Nash, Robert Sklar, Martha RosIer, HerbertSchiller, Allan Sekula, Peter Wollen.San Francisco. First Annual San Francisco Video Festival. Director, SteveAgetstein. Assistant Director, WendyGarfield. Begin publishing Video 80 asfestival catalog. Now called SEND andpublished as a quarterly.Yonkers, N.Y. Alternative Spaces, Hudson River Museum. Series of exhibitionsemploying Museum's planetarium. Includes video installations by MaryLucier, Francese Torres.
OrganizationsNew Orleans. Survival InformationTelevision, NOV AC. Installation inlocal Welfare Office with social issuesprogramming run on a repeating cycle.St. Paul. Jerome Foundation expands to
award grants to video artists.
TelevisionCambridge. Artists' Use of Telecommunications. Organized by Center forAdvanced Visual Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Collaborative interactive slow-scan TVconference link between Cambridge,New York, San Francisco, LongBeach, Toronto, Vienna, Tokyo, andVancouver.Three Artists on Line in Three Countries. Three-way slow-scan transmissionbetween Aldo Tambellini, Cambridge,Tom Klinkowstein, Amsterdam, andBill Bartlett, Vancouver.Los Angeles and New York. Hole-inSpace by Kit Galloway and SherrieRabinowitz. Live interactive satelliteproject between Los Angeles and NewYork.Minneapolis-St. Paul. Minnesota Landscapes, KTCA-TV. Project Director,Peter Bradley. Series of videotapes onMinnesota for broadcast. Works bySkip Blumberg, James Byrne, SteveChristiansen, Davidson Gigliotti, FrankGohlke, Cynthia Neal, Steina.
1981Exhibitions/EventsNew York. First National Latin Filmand Video Festival, El Museo delBarrio.1981 Biennial Exhibition, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. Installationsby Frank Gillette and Buky Schwartz.Stay Tuned, The New Museum. Organized by Ned Rifkin. Exhibition juxtaposes artists' work in video with work inother media. Includes Robert Cumming, Brian Eno, Charles Frazier,Donald Lipski, Howardena Pindell,Judy Rifka, Allen Ruppersberg, IrvinTepper.Video Classics, Bronx Museum of theArts. Curator, RoseLee Goldberg. Installations by Vito Acconci, Dan Graham, Shigeko Kubota, Rita Myers,Bruce Nauman, Dennis Oppenheim,Nam June Paik.Rochester, N.Y. From the Academy tothe Avant-Garde, Visual Studies Workshop. Curator, Richard Simmons. Traveling exhibition with videotapes by JuanDowney, Howard Fried, Frank Gillette,Davidson Gigliotti, Tony Labat, LesLevine. Travels to Center for Art Tapes,Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Center forNew Television, Chicago.Washington, D.C. National Video Festival, American Film Institute. Sponsor,Sony Corporation. Festival producer,Larry Kirkman; festival director, JamesHindman. Installation by Nam JunePaik.
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OrganizationsPittsburgb. Museum of Art, CarnegieInstitute, expands its Film Section to theSection of Film and Video, and opensVideo Gallery. Curator of Film andVideo, William Judson.
Television/ProductionsNew York and Paris. Double Entendreby Douglas Davis, Whitney Museum ofAmerican Art and Centre GeorgesPornpidou, Paris. Satellite telecastperformance.New York. Paper Tiger Television.Organized by Diane Augusta, PenneeBender, Skip Blumberg, Shulae Chang,DeeDee Halleck, Caryn Rogoff, DavidShulman, Alan Steinheimer. Series onpublic-access television that examinescommunications industry via the printmedia, and serves as model for lowbudget, public-access programming.
1982Exhibitions/EventsBoston. SIGGRAPH (Special InterestGroup in Computer Graphics) Annualconference includes computer-generated video art in its juried art show.Organized by Copper Giloth.Buffalo, N.Y. Ersatz TV: A StudioMelee by Alan Moore and TerryMohre, Collaborative Projects . Hallwalls Gallery. Curator, Kathy High.Installations of six studio sets from artists' television series "Potato Wolf,"with live cameras and videotapescreenings.Video/TV: Humor/Comedy, MediaStudyjBuffalo. Curator, John Minkowsky. Touring exhibition that explores relationship between art andentertainment. Travels throughout U.S.New York. Nam June Paik; WhitneyMuseum of American Art. Director ofexhibition, John Hanhardt. Major retrospective. Travels to Museum ofContemporary Art , Chicago.Park City, Utab. Fourth Annual UnitedStates Film and Video Festival expandsto include video.Yonkers, N.Y. Art and Technology:Approaches to Video, Hudson RiverMuseum. Three-part exhibition of installations by Dara Birnbaum, DavidBehrman and Paul DeMarinis, and KitFitzgerald and John Sanborn. Curator,Nancy Hoyt.Wasbington, D.C. National Video Festival, American Film Institute at theJohn F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and the American FilmInstitute Campus, Los Angeles. Sponsor, Sony Corporation. Installations byShigeko Kubota (Washington, D.C.)and Ed Emshwiller and Bill Viola (LosAngeles).
Bill Viola. Chott el-Djerid (A Portrait in Light and Heat). 1979.
Ed Ernshwiller, S unstone, 1979.
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OrganizationsBoston. Institute of Contemporary Artbegins video program. Director, DavidRoss.Portland, Ore. The Media Project.Expands to include video. Media organization for distribution of independentwork includes workshops and state-widedirectory of media services, and actsas a liaison to cable. Director, KarenWickery.
Television/ProductionsLos Angeles. The Artist and Television:A Dialogue Between the Fine Arts andthe Mass Media. Sponsored by ASCNCable Network, Los Angeles, and University of Iowa, Iowa City. Interactivesatellite telecast connecting artists, critics, curators, and educators in LosAngeles, Iowa City, and New York.New York. Disarmament Video Survey.Organized by Skip Blumberg, WendyClarke, DeeDee Halleck, Karen Ranucci, Sandy Tolan. Collaboration byover 300 independent producers fromNew York, Washington, D.C., SanFrancisco, Great Britain, Germany,Japan, India, the Netherlands, Mexico,Brazil, and other locations to compileone-minute interviews with people abouttheir views on nuclear arms and disarmament. Survey shown on cable television and presented as installations atAmerican Film Institute NationalVideo Festival in Washington, D.C.The VideoArtist. Producers: Eric Trigg,Electronic Arts Intermix, Stuart Shapiro. Sixteen-part series on major videoartists broadcast nationally over USACable Network.
1983Exhibitions/EventsMinneapolis. The Media Arts in Transition. Conference organizers and sponsors: Walker Art Center, NationalAlliance of Media Arts Centers(NAMAC), Minneapolis College of Artand Design, University CommunityVideo, Film in the Cities. Conferenceprogrammers: Jennifer Lawson, JohnMinkowsky, Melinda Ward.New York. The Intersection ofthe Wordand the Visual Image, Women's Interart Center. Colloquium involving artists, writers, and scholars on relationshipof language to the moving image, alternative narratives, and the transformation of literary, historical, performance,and visual works to video. Screenings ofinternational works.1983 Biennial Exhibition, WhitneyMuseum of American Art. Installationsby Shigeko Kubota and Mary Lucier.First touring video show of Biennial,through American Federation of Arts
(AFA).Rochester, N.Y. Video Installation1983, Visual Studies Workshop. Exhibition including works by Barbara Buckner, Tony Conrad, Doug Hall, MargiaKramer, Bill Stephens.Sante Fe and Albuquerque. Video asAttitude, Museum of Fine Arts, SantaFe, and University Art Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Director, PatrickClancy. Installations by Bill Beirne,Juan Downey, Dieter Froese, RobertGaylor, Gary Hill, Joan Jonas, RitaMyers, Bruce Nauman, Michael Smith,Steina, Francese Torres, Bill Viola.Valencia, Calif. Hajj by Mabou Mines,California Institute of the Arts. Writtenby Lee Breuer, performed by Ruth Maleczech. Video by Craig Jones. Premiereperformance of complete version of performance poem, which incorporatesextensive use of live and recordedvideotape.Yonkers, N.Y. Electronic Vision, Hudson River Museum. Curator, John Minkowksy. Installations by Gary Hill,Ralph Hocking and Sherry Miller, DanSandin, Steina and Woody Vasulka.New York and Long Beach, Calif. TheSecond Link: Viewpoints on Video inthe Eighties. Organized by Lorne Falk,Walter Phillips Gallery at the BanffCentre School of Fine Arts. UnitedStates showing at The Museum of Modern Art and Long Beach Museum ofArt. Curators, Peggy Gale, Kathy Huffman, Barbara London, Brian McNevin,Dorine Mignot, Sandy Nairne. Worksfrom Europe, Canada, U.S. International tour.
Television/ProductionsLong Beach, Calif. Shared Realities,Long Beach Museum of Art. ExecutiveProducer, Kathy Huffman. Series onlocal cable station of work produced byartists at the Station/Annex, programming about the museum, and local cultural programming.New York. Perfect Lives by Robert Ashley. Project Director, Carlota Schoolman. Video Director, John Sanborn.Television opera in seven parts producedby The Kitchen.
Barbara London has directed the VideoProgram at The Museum ofModernArt since 1974. She is a writer andlecturer, and has taught in the FilmDepartment ofNew York University.
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Published byrheCollege4rl AssociationifAmerica ArtJournal
Fall 1985 Video: The Reflexive Medillm Gllest Editor: Sara Hornbacher
Bart Robbett,Backyard Earth Station, 1984.
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Published bythe CollegeArt AssociationofAmerica
Guest Editor Sara HornbacherManaging Editor Rose R. Wei!Editorial Associate Jane Levin EdelsonAdvertising Manager Minerva NavarreteEditorial Board Ellen Lanyon, BarbaraNovak. George Sadek, Irving SandlerDesign Tom Kluepfel
Art Journal ISSN (0004-3249) is published quarterly by the College ArtAssociation of America, Inc., at 149Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016. Copyright 1985, College ArtAssociation of America, Inc. All rightsreserved. No part of the contents may bereproduced without the written permission of the publisher. Second Classpostage paid at New York, NY and atadditional mailing offices. Printed byWaverly Press, Baltimore, Maryland.POSTMASTER: Send address changesto Art Journal, 149 Madison Avenue,New York, NY 10016.
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Art Journal
Fall 1985Vol. 45 No.3
Video: The Reflexive MediumEditor's Statement by Sara Hornbacher 191
Electra Myths: Video, Modernism, Postmodernism by Katherine Dieckmann 195
Why Don't They Tell Stories Like They Used To? by Ann-Sargent Wooster 204
The Passion for Perceiving: Expanded Forms of Film and Video Art by John G.Hanhardt 213
From Gadget Video to Agit Video by Benjamin H.D. Buchloh 217
Subject to Change: Guerrilla Television Revisited by Deirdre Boyle 228
Tracking Video Art: "Image Processing" as a Genre by Lucinda Furlong 233
Pressure Points: Video in the Public Sphere by Martha Gever 238
The New Sleep: Stasis and the Image-Bound Environment by Tricia Collins andRichard Milazzo 244
Video: A Selected Chronology, 1963-1983 by Barbara London 249
Reviews: Five Exhibition Catalogues reviewed by Lori Zippay 263 / PeterD'Agostino and Antonio Muntadas, eds., The UnfNecessary Image, reviewed byMarshall Reese 269 / Revising Romance: New Feminist Video, reviewed byMarita Sturken 273
Books and Catalogues Received 277
Correction: The volume number of the Manet issue (Spring 1985) is incorrectlygiven on the Contents page of that issue. The correct number is: Vol. 45.
Fall 1985 189
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