Varieties of American
NationalismChapter 8
A Growing Economy
The Economic Boom after the War of 1812
After the War of 1812, two things were on the
minds of most Americans
1. Was slavery going to continue to be a part of the national identity and economy?
2. Would the new Western states align politically and economically with the North or the South?
Defining an Era
Following the War of 1812, there was a short
but significant economic boom…then a quick bust.
The United States made a move in the post war years towards industrialization and a new economy but it lacked the necessary institutions (transportation, standardized banking) to sustain long term growth.
Building A National Market
After the War of 1812…
Manufacturing Shipping State Banks issue bank notes of varying worth,
creating interstate consumer uncertainty. WHY? A National Bank is needed to stabilize the
currency and set a banking standard Congress forms the SECOND BANK OF THE
UNITED STATES in 1791 The banks size gave it power not any laws
Banking, Currency, Protection
The Textile Boom: 1807-
1815 The POWER LOOM provides
for faster cloth production to consume the mass amounts of cotton produced by the plantation system of the South.
Industry begins to take root in the North to offset the loss of shipping business
New Banking system provides for capital investment
The Textile Boom:1807-
1815 After the War of 1812
American ports were again open to British goods.
British merchants flood the U.S. with cheap goods to suppress American Industry and growth.
Congress passes Protective Tariffs in 1816 to keep cheap British goods off of American shelves and help American industry
Transportation
The new economy, based on manufacturing and industry, demanded better, faster transportation
Private industry looks for solutions
Key Question:Should the Federal Government, using Federal tax dollars, build public roads?
Transportation
The NATIONAL ROAD—a road built between the Potomac River and the Ohio River using funds from the sale of land in Ohio.
Solves the transportation problem and the funding problem
Transportation
Steam Powered ships bring goods North and South along the Mississippi River (open now because of the Battle of New Orleans) and eventually the Erie Canal, opening up the West to Eastern goods.
Steam Ships stimulate the agrarian economy of the South and West
People start moving West to farm
Transportation
On the East Coast there is a difficulty shipping goods North and South because of poor roads and rough waters
John C. Calhoun helps pass bill to build a national N/S road
Madison vetoes it his last day as president because he feels the bill oversteps the powers of congress to make “National Improvements”
Is this ironic…or at least contradictory?
I’M bringing
sexy back!
Expanding Westward
The Louisiana Territory opens up to settlers
In 1810, 1 out of every 7 white Americans
lived West of the Appalachians.
In 1820, 1 out of every 4 white Americans lived West of the Appalachians
Regional political powers is in a state of constant flux
Expanding Westward
Reasons for Expansion:
1. Pressure over land, resources, jobs, and capital, due to the growing population in the East 1800—5.3 million Americans 1820—9.6 million Americans
2. The West becomes more attractive to Americans War of 1812 eliminated Native American threat U.S. Government builds forts in the territories Midwest is attractive to farmers
The Great Migrations
Cotton grows very well in Alabama and
Mississippi drawing plantation owners West with prospects of huge profits and cheap land.
Spreads the “Plantation System” and slavery West
Growth adds 4 new states:
The Plantation System in the Southwest
Indiana: 1816
Mississippi: 1817
Illinois: 1818
Alabama: 1819
Trade with Mexico opens in 1821 when it gains
independence from Spain, bringing traders further West and South.
Fur becomes a big business all across the West
White fur traders move into the Great Lakes and the Rockies where once only Native American trappers traded.
These traders became known as MOUNTAIN MEN
Trade and Trapping in the Far West
The Mountain Man
The MOUNTAIN MAN becomes a character of myth and legend
Men who live off the land, alone for months at a time, trapping/hunting beaver, moose, bear, buffalo.
Romanticizes the West Creates a level of
misunderstanding among most Easterners of what the West really is.
Mr. Flessa’s Beard Goal
The Era of Good FeelingHigh on Believing
As the economy grew, the West opened to
White expansion, and new states joined the union a general “Good Feeling” spread throughout the US.
Americans were feeling good about themselves
WHY? That’s what you will answer in your DBQ Chapter 8 Essay Test!
The Era of Good Feelings
Since John Adams, Virginians controlled the
White House. (1800-1824) Jefferson Madison Monroe
This became known as the “VIRGINIA DYNASTY”
The Republican Virginians dominated politics for 25 years.
The End of the First Party System
By the time James Monroe becomes president,
the country is on a roll. Monroe takes the opportunity of a strong
economy and peace at home to “strengthen” America’s image around the world.
He took a “GOODWILL TOUR” across America, for the first time making the President a very public figure.
The Easy Presidency of Monroe
James Monroe issues a statement to the world
that asserts U.S. Supremacy and warns European powers against any attempts to colonize the Americas
This Doctrine has been adopted by many presidents who believe that America should be the leading force of the world.
The Monroe Doctrine
Is this evidence of the Monroe doctrine in the
modern era?
In Support of the
Monroe Doctrine?
The U.S. held West Florida but wanted East Florida from the
Spanish. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams as began negotiating
with Spanish Minister Luis de Onis. Jackson, in control of the American Army in the South, was
ordered by Secretary of War Calhoun to stop raids on American settlers by the Seminole Indians.
Jackson used this excuse to invade Florida and take it from the Seminoles and the Spanish
Adams took responsibility for the action saying it was America’s right to take the Pennisula
In 1819 Spain ceded the rest of Florida to the U.S. with the Adams-Onis Treaty.
Seminole Wars
As the nation grew its demand for capital and
markets grew as well. In 1819 banks had loaned out more money
than they had, as they started to call in loans, people didn’t have the money to pay and the economy went bust.
This crisis weakened the idea that America was unstoppable.
With the BOOM… came a BUST
Panic of 1819
Sectionalism and Nationalism
A Nation United and Divided
What were the major elements of
disagreement in the debate over the admission of Missouri into the Union?
Which group opposed Missouri's entering the Union as a slave state? Why?
What was the Missouri Compromise? Why did nationalists regard it as a "happy resolution of a danger to the Union"? Why were others less optimistic?
Guided Questions
The Revival of OppositionThe Federalists RETURN!!!!!
Latin America
By 1815 the Spanish Empire is about to fall Can’t compete with British and French Navy Hasn’t industrialized Not as lucrative colonies
Latin America is the second largest trade partner of the U.S. If Spain falls and loses control of Latin America, the U.S. benefits 1815—U.S. Promises to stay out of the uprising in Latin America
where people are fighting for independence from Spain Instead it sells ships and supplies to the rebels
1822—Monroe recognizes La Plata (Argentina), Chile, Peru, and Columbia as independent nations.
Monroe Doctrine
First established in 1823 Mostly the work of John Q. Adams,
Monroe’s Secretary of State A written promise to Europe and the rest
of the world that the United States would protect the Americas from European influence
Adams was afraid France and Spain would join together to retake Latin America
The Monroe Doctrine established American Dominance and fostered strong Nationalist feelings at home.
The Revival of
Opposition After 1816 the Federalist Party ceased to be All politics were Republican politics 1824 Caucus—William H Crawford (Secretary of
the Treasure under Monroe) of Georgia was selected as the Republican candidate for President
But J.Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson, received a lot of local support outside the caucus
The Election of 1824 was held resulting in an unclear victor.
Electoral Votes of 1824
Andrew Jackson99 Votes
John Q. Adams84 Votes
William H. Crawford41 Votes
Henry Clay37 Votes
“The Corrupt
Bargain” of 1824 Because of the failure of the Electoral College to
pick a clear winner, the choice went to the House of Representatives
Clay, clearly not going to win, gave his support to Adams because Jackson was a rival of Clay’s in the South and because Adams supported Clay’s “American System” (more on that later)
Adam’s wins with Clay’s support, who names him Secretary of State
Jacksonians charge Clay and Adams with conspiring a “Corrupt Bargain”
The Second President
Adams Adams takes office, not a popular man Tries to progress a Nationalist Policy but is blocked
by angry states rights Jacksonians in Congress Adams supports the “American System”
Raise protective tarrifs Strengthen the national bank Finance internal improvements
Adams supported tariffs on imported goods in 1828 that angered suppliers in the north and manufacturers in the north
John Quincy Adams
Adams was a diplomat, intellectual, and worldly.
He spoke His goal as president
was American expansion
Jackson Triumphant
By the election of 1828 Adams had few supporters left
The Republicans were split between the federalist National Republicans (Adams) and the state’s rights dominant Democratic-Republicans (Jackson)
Jackson stood against “Economic Aristocracy”
The election was filled with nasty politics
Election of Jackson is heralded as the “Age of the Common Man”
Anti-Jackson Broadside
This was published and distributed by the Adams Campaign. It claimed that Jackson murdered six men while a General in the army. The truth is these men were executed by Jackson after being tried and convicted of deserting the army. The common punishment at the time.
Chapter 8 Review
Lets make sure we understand the Key Concepts of Chapter 8 before we move on to Chapter 9
1. The effects of the War of 1812 on
banking, shipping, farming, industry and transportation
2. Postwar governmental efforts
to improve banking and transportation
3. The Westward expansion after the War
of 1812 and its relation to the growing interest in internal improvements.
4. The settlement patterns that
resulted from this postwar westward expansion
Top Related