MANAGEMENT TRAINEESHIP SEGMENT
“Action Research in NRLM Resource Block For Social Mobilization And
Financial Inclusion”
Project Duration: 22nd July, 2013 to 22nd Sep, 2013
KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, BHUBANESHWAR, ORISSA
SELF
HELP
GROUPS
Host Organization: Uttar Pradesh State Rural Livelihood Mission (UPSRLM)
2
NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NRLM)
Universal Social Mobilization Participatory identification of poor
(PIP) Promotion of Institutions of the poor Strengthening all existing SHGs and
federations of the poor Emphasis on Training, Capacity
building and skill building Universal Financial Inclusion Revolving Fund and Community
investment support Fund (C.I.F) Provision of Interest Subvention Funding Pattern Phased Implementation Intensive blocks Rural Self Employment Training
Institutes (RSETIs)
UTTAR PRADESH STATE RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (UPSRLM)
Enabling the States to formulate their own State specific poverty reduction action plans
Enables the SRLM to professionalize their human resources at State, district and block level
Creating linkages with livelihoods opportunities for the poor
Partner institutions like NGOs
All blocks in the country will become intensive blocks over time
Women SHGs and their Federations
Financial Assistance to the SHGs
Capital Subsidy has been discontinued under NRLM
Supervision and monitoring of the Scheme
INTRODUCTION
3
Acces
s to
Entitlem
ents
Last Mile Delivery
of Public Services
Financial & Capital Services
Human and Social Capital
(Leaders, CRPs, Community Para-
Professionals)
Dedicated Support Institutions
(Professionals,Learning PlatformM & E Systems)
Producti
on &
Producti
vity
Market Linkages
Institutional Platforms of Poor
(Aggregating and Federating Poor, Women, Small &
Marginal Farmers, SCs and STs)
INNOVATIONS
Livelihood Services
Building Enabling EnvironmentPartnerships and Convergence
NRLM
4
NRLM Path
Identification of the Poor
Organising the Poor
Building their capacities
Show them the path to capital
Facilitating them to choose good livelihoods
Social Development
Safety nets
5
SGSY and NRLM
SGSY NRLM
DRDA as main implementation agency with very limited role at State level
Dedicated professionally managed support organization from State to sub-block level to mobilize poor and nurture their institutions
Community institutional architecture comprised of only SHGs
While SHGs remain the basic unit, higher order structures like SHG federations, producer organizations are planned for last mile service delivery and market access
Income generation focus of SHGs Scope to address multiple dimensions of poverty – assets, skills, incomes, consumption and risks (including food and health risks)
Economic activity focus on investment in common assets and activities
Economic activity focus for provision of support services and aggregation for access to markets
7
OBJECTIVESOF THE STUDY
Social Mobilization
To map out and study the SHGs
(promoted by SJGSY,NGO or other
institutions ) in the resource block.
To do Social Mobilization of
people residing in resource block
using PIP approach along with
NRLM guidelines.
Financial Inclusion
To know the problems being faced
by NGO, bank & SHGs.
Suggestions for Role of financial
inclusion through Self help group
To Study the linkage of SHGs
with Nearby banks for Financial
services.
8
Financial constraint.
Response rate is low.
Quality of data (authentication)
Quality of interviewing.
The climatic conditions are not favourable.
Researchers error (sample bias & confounding factors).
Government Officials (block office) support was very discouraging.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
Social Mobilization and Financial Inclusion
The study was confined to Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh state covering only two Gram Panchayat (AHIRORI & KHAKHEDA) with 13 villages.
10
Primary Data Collection
Household & SHG Survey Group Discussion Personal Interviews
INTENT
To know about SHG, and their current status
To know the perception of villagers regarding women SHG
Reason behind deformed SHGs Role of Banks & Block
Secondary Data Collection Block Office, NGOs record books Previous reports & Studies Websites
INTENT
To know no. of SHGs, and their current status
Active or Non-Active SHGs Reason behind deformed SHGs Role of Banks & Block and NGOs To find out Households and BPL list
Tools used: Structured Questionnaire, Group Discussions, Interviews and Observation
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN: Exploratory Research Method
DISTRIBUTION OF LOCATION FOR SURVEY
AHIRORI: Ahirori, Ekghara, Bhanwarja, Nara Purwa, Vayas Purwa, Niranjan Purwa
KHADAKHEDA: Khadakheda, Umari, Baleha, Sarainya, Khapra, Farkan purwa, Dali purwa
11
SELECTION OF THE RESPONDENTS
Gram Panchayat: Ahirori
Sl. No. Village/ Majare Total Households Sampled Households
1 Ahirori 355 79
2 Niranjan Purwa 120 27
3 Vayas Purwa 54 12
4 Nara Purwa 83 18
5 Bhanwarja 78 17
6 Ekghara 210 47
Total 900 200
Gram Panchayat: KhadakhedaSl. No. Village/ Majare Total Households Sampled Households
1 Khadakheda 920 107
2 Umari 286 33
3 Baleha 96 11
4 Sarainya 112 13
5 Khapra 264 31
6 Dali purwa 20 02
7 Farkan purwa 20 02
Total 1718 200
12
Gram Panchayat: Ahirori
Gram P. : Khadakheda
SELECTION OF SHGs for Group Discussion
Total Sampled SHG = 17
For our research study we prepared three types of questionnaire, one for HHS (Household Survey) Another for SHG (Self Help Groups) is to know how
women are performing And third questionnaire was for Bank to know financial activity of respondents.
Sample Size (SHG survey)
S. No. Location Target
1 Ahirori 08
2 Bhawarja 02
Total Sample Size 10
Sample Size (SHG survey)
S. No. Location Target
1 Khadakheda 05
2 Khapra 02
Total Sample Size 07
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
13
DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGS
STUDY FINDINGS
S.NO VARIABLE
AHIRORI KHADAKHEDA TOTAL
No. % No. % No. %
1 Regular Meetings 7 70 6 85 13 76
2 Regularity of Savings 7 70 7 100 14 82
3 Internal Lending YES YES
4 Need based loans 3 30 0 0 3 17
5 Equal Distribution 10 100 7 100 17 100
6 No Lending 7 70 7 100 14 82
7 Book Keeping YES YES
8 Good 6 60 5 71 11 64
9 Average 1 10 1 14 2 11
10 Poor 3 30 0 0 3 17
11 No Leadership Rotation 10 100 7 100 17 100
12 SHGs Bank Linkage 10 100 7 100 17 100
13 Avg. Idle Fund (Rs.) 6491 4888 5764
Data Analysis: Section -I
Social Mobilization using PIP Approach
Gram Panchayat : Ahirori (a) Occupation/ Source of Income:
Farm
er
Homem
aker
Artisa
n
Agri-L
abour
Non A
gri-L
abou
r
Stud
ent
Others
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180174
7
28
112
76
15
0
Occupation/ Source of Income
Dependence on farming
Landless and marginal farmer depended more on agri and non agri- labour
No industrial zone in near by area
Artisan at a marginal rate but potential to grow
Source: Primary Data
(b) Card Holder Details : Population of No Card
Holders more Although their names listed in BPL 2002 Census list
BPL Card Holder less No land ,No Pacca House and
No job but still come in No card Holders
(c) Average Monthly Income:
Population dependent on Agri and non agri labour more
No Financial support from Bank and Block
Illiteracy
16%
44%
41%
Card Holders Details
BPL
APL
No Card
0-1000 1001-5000 5001-10000 10001-20000
20001 & Above
050
100150200
16
166
12 4 2
Average Monthly Income
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
(B) SOCIAL MOBILIZATION AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION
(a). SHGs Working Status:
SGSY
2 2 2
1 1
SGSY SHGs Working Status
Bhootnath Gayatri Jai shri ram Shri balaji Durga
RGMPV
1 1 1 1 1
RGMPV SHGs Working Status
Ekta Mahilla Durga mahila Roshni Mahilla
Ekta Mahilla2 New Roshni
Two SHG’s Balaji and Jai Shri Ram are active in the SGSY yojna till now. But, still not get 1st Grading from bank.
Two SHG’s Bhootnath and Gayatri , worked from the year 2002 and closed on 2012-13 . Both SHG’s done their 1st & 2nd grading .
In RGMVP , All SHG’s are active and participatory in nature. In RGMVP, No SHG’s done their 1st & 2nd Grading .
Yes-1 , No-2
Source: Primary Data
(b) Organizations promoted the SHG:
0
5 5
0 0
SHG Promotion
Bank/Financial Institution NGO(RGMVP) Govt. department(SGSY)
Cooperative society Any other
Two Institution ,one Government SGSY and another RGMVP NGO, Promoted the SHG’s .
RGMVP SHG’s working Better on capacity building
approach .
(c) Educational Status:
Illitrate 1st - 5th 6th - 8th 9th - 10th 11th - 12th Above 12th
37
8 5 3 2 1
49
5 1 1 1 2
Educational Status
SGSY RGMVP
Only Three Members educated above 12th One done M.A. and Two B.A
Illiterates in Gram Panchayat at very high rate
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
(d)
Training details of SHG:
(e) Inter- Lending for activities:
024
Inter Lending
Emergencies Agriculture Animal Husbandry
Income Generations Any Others
Max
Min
Inter lending loan maximum for agriculture as it is prevalent and well known practice among villagers .
Minimum in income generation activities as they not get capacity building training for that .
SHG Health Skills development Livestock0
2
4
6
8
10
10
6
4
7
Training
SHG
Health
Skills development
Livestock
Training on Livestock, skill development and also on health is socializing the members .
Capacity building provided them for make them capable in their activities .
Capacity building on skill development lead them towards more awareness .
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
Data Analysis: Section -II
Social Mobilization using PIP Approach
Gram Panchayat : Khadakheda(a) Occupation/ Source of Income:
Dependence on farming more
Landless and marginal farmer depended more on agri and non agri labour .
No industrial zone near by there .
Artisan at a marginal rate but potential to grow
81
25
9
94
69
OCCUPATION
FarmerHomemakerArtisianAgri-labourNon agri-labourStudentOthers
Source: Primary Data
(b) Card Holder Details :
Population of No Card Holders more Although their names listed in BPL 2002 Census list .
BPL Card Holder less No land ,No Pacca House and No
job but still come in No card Holders
APL Card Holder were Moderate . Those have BPL Cards but not get
food at the right time .
(c) Average Monthly Income:
Population dependent on Agri and non agri labors more .
No Financial support from Bank and Block .
Education rate fall down No scheme benefited Unawareness among people more
.
APL BPL No Card0
20
40
60
80
100
120
CARD HOLDER
APL BPL No Card
36%
56%
8%
AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME
0-1000
1001-5000
5001-10000
10001-20000
20001 & Above
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
(B) SOCIAL MOBILIZATION AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION:
(a) SHGs Working Status:
Eight SHG’s are active in the RGMVP yojna till now. But, still all not done 1st Grading .
Six SHG’s are deformed but the reason behind this is either bank support or coordination problem
In RGMVP , inter-coordination problem leads conflict between females this generally occurs when 1 member takes loan and does not repay it.
Yes-1 , No-2
22
2
2221
11
11 1 1 1
SHG's StatusMaa Veshnu Swayam Sahayata Samuh Sabera Swayam Sahayata SamuhAnokhi Swayam Sahayata Samuh Ekta Swayam Sahayata SamuhaGomti Mahila Swayam Sahayata Samuh ganga Mahila Swayam Sahayata SamuhKarya baba Swayam Sahayata Samuh Aarti Mahila Swayam Sahayat SamuhSaraswati Mahila Swayam Sahayata Samuh Jagrati Swayam Sahayata Samuh
Working-1Not working -2
Source: Primary Data
(b) Organizations promoted the SHG:
0
14 0
0 0
SHG Promotion
Bank/Financial Institution NGO(RGMVP) Govt. department(SGSY)
Cooperative society Any other
No Government Scheme made SHG’s and only RGMVP NGO , Promoted the SHG’s in khadakheda .
RGMVP SHG’s working Better on capacity building
RGMVP Guidelines are same with NRLM .
RGMVP is better approach .
(c) Educational Status:
No Members educated 12th and above 12th..
Illiterates in Gram Panchayat at very high rate . Specially women are more
This Illiteracy causes them towards unawareness .84%
10%
1% 2% 2%
Educational Status
NIL1st - 5th6th - 8th9th - 10th11th - 12thAbove 12th
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
(d) Training details of SHG: :
Training on Livestock, skill development and also on health is socializing the awareness among members .
Capacity building provided them for make them capable in their activities .
Capacity building on skill development lead them towards more awareness .
(e) No. of transactions in Bank: Maya Mahila SHG’s done
more transaction with banks. Its mean , this SHG is more active .
More transactions with bank leads show good inter-coordination within members .
More transaction with bank lead them towards CCL quickly .
On SHG Skill devel-opment
Livestock Health
Duration 3 8 7 5
No. of Mem-bers
2 1 3 3
5%
25%
45%
65%
85%
Training details of SHGs
8 4 2 1
134 6
No. of transactions in Bank
Source: Primary Data
Source: Primary Data
24
ROLE & MOTIVES OF STAKEHOLDER’S
FinancialInstitution NGO’s BanksIncentives Guidance
Approach for LoanSHG’s
Approval for Loan
Interest for Loan
Econ
omy
Incen
tives
Incom
e
Interest
PROFITS
25
Marginal FarmersLandless Farmers Oral LesseesSelf EmployedMigrantsWomenMinoritiesWomenSocial excluded groupsSenior citizens
Who are excluded ?
26
SHG's made by the NGO (RGMVP) are working in a much better than SGSY SHG's.
Not providing as such any training to SGSY SHG's was one of the main reason
of mismanagement.
Due to this, women's showing reluctance towards NRLM Scheme.
Most of People in villages does not aware with the new government schemes , which lead them towards more poverty.
Women does not have freedom of speech and action.
Due to illiteracy no one takes interest in knowing new things regarding schemes.
IMPLICATION AND LESSION LEARNED
27
RECOMMENDATION & SUGGESTIONS
1. SHG Formation - The target approach to group formation need not be adopted rigidly. Officers should have the time to ‘nurture’ the groups once the names of members have been collected.
2. Grading - Financial targets as well as grading targets should be increased to include left over groups before they loose hope and get defunct like many others.
3. Loan/Financing - The current limits should be immediately revised. Moreover loan financing should be done at lesser rates of 6%-7% as in case of KCC and if possible interest subsidy should also be given.
4. MIS - Proper monitoring of groups needs be done at various stages of their growth. A centralized MIS should be created through which the status of each and every SHG in the remotest part could be monitored.
5. Training - It is essential to draw up a training plan according to the specific requirement of each group. It should be made sure to provide training only for the activity being undertaken or willing to be performed by the group, not any other
6. Shortage of Staff - The number of officers/ADOs needs to be increased. No other work except implementation of NRLM should be given to ADOs.
28
Continued…..7. Economic activity - SHG's members need not be pressured in the matter of choice of
economic activity. Rather they should be provided guidance in terms of viability or sustainability of a particular activity depending on available resources and market.
8. Financial Services - Accountability of Banks needs to be set. Unless and until it is done this scheme can never produce results. Since bankers are also pressurized under their work, separate Bank employees specifically working for Government policies should be appointed.
9. Marketing - Market survey as an important component especially of group activities needs to be stressed. Marketing survey should be conducted for each and every possible economic activity in the rural areas to know about the demand patterns of various products.
10. Float of Funds: The funds which is demand driven by the SHG can be submitted to village federation, they will look after it and than the proposal is forwarded to block federation, they will finalise it and send the same to the bank. This framework will help the in making healthy bank relation and also reduce the bank issues faced by SHG members.
11. Awareness: The villagers does not have any source of getting information regarding schemes. Through this programme this issue can be solved out by giving responsibility to some field workers of demonstration schemes and it benefits.
29
Continued…..
12. Monitoring and Evaluation: This is the backbone of any programme to achieve success. The team of people can be given this job which will help to look after SHG situation and the feedback on it will help to bring necessary changes to make it successful.
13. Marketing - Market survey as an important component especially of group activities needs to be stressed. Marketing survey should be conducted for each and every possible economic activity in the rural areas to know about the demand patterns of various products.
14. Miscellaneous - A programme such as NRLM is not enough to pull the poor out of their poverty without a holistic package of inputs. In addition to the credit programme, they must be supported by at least two welfare programmes of social security and public distribution.
30
For the Groups~ The groups studied rate high on quantity parameters like savings,
lending and bank-linkage, but score a depressing low in terms of quality parameters.
High levels of distrust: A cause for equal distribution of funds and conflicts as a consequence.
Lack of direction and guidance: A cause for increasing number of defunct groups
For the SHG- Bank Linkage~ Stress on optimum savings to extend loans leading to high idle
funds in the groups. Bankers insists that the bank loan be treated as a separate entity
to ensure prompt repayment.
Conclusion
31
PRESENTED BY:
Prachi Mishra (12201029)
Banbasi Sinku (12201008)
Anoop Kr. Mishra (12201005)
Sudhir Kumar (12201038)
Top Related