GRAMMAR PLACEMENTOF ADJECTIVES 37Use Adjectives
Before Nouns
• Some adjectives describe by telling how many. They come before the person, place, or thing they are describing.
There are three schools in my town.
My school has eighty-five classrooms.
Laila’s school has three hundred
classrooms.
• You can use adjectives like some or many when you are not sure of the exact number of something.
Many teachers at Laila’s school work late.
Some students stay after school for extra help.
A. Say each sentence with an adjective from the box.
one five some one thousand
1. Almost students go to Laila’s school.
2. The school has principal.
3. students play in the band.
4. Laila has classes every day.
B. Complete each sentence about your own school. Use an adjective that
tells how many.
5. My school has nearly students.
6. students participate in school activities.
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GRAMMAR PLACEMENTOF ADJECTIVESUse Adjectives
Before Nouns
Adjectives can describe by telling how something sounds, feels, or tastes.
The warm sun helps crops grow.
The corn has a sweet smell.
People hurry in the cold air.
Taxis blow their loud horns.
A. Say each sentence with an adjective from the box.
fuzzy high loud sweet warm
1. Kwan lives in the city. He hears jets.
2. Zoe lives in the country. She listens to the voices of crickets.
3. Kwan buys peaches at the market.
4. Zoe picks onions from her garden.
5. They both enjoy the nights of summer.
B. Tell something about where you live. Complete each sentence. Use
an adjective that describes how something sounds, feels, or tastes.
6. I hear .
7. I like .
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GRAMMARPREDICATE ADJECTIVESUse Adjectives After
Am, Is, and Are
• Most of the time, an adjective comes before the noun
it describes.
We have a big school. It has large classrooms.
• If a sentence has the verb am, is, or are, you can put the adjective after the verb.
Our school is big . The classrooms are large .
I am eager to learn. My teacher is happy .
A. Say each sentence with an adjective from the box.
curious eager proud sad scary
1. I am about the world. I want to learn more.
2. Many people are hungry. I am for them.
3. Some people have dirty water to drink. Dirty wateris .
4. We learn about the world. Some students are to help.
5. My teacher is of our class.
B. Complete each sentence. Use an adjective.
6. I see a child in need. I am .
7. People want to help. I am .
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Use Demonstrative Adjectives: This and That
A demonstrative adjective tells if something is near or far.
• Use this to tell about something near to you.
A. Imagine you are at this market. Tell where you are standing. Say
each sentence with this or that.
1. I want (this / that) mango here.
2. I like (this / that) pineapple.
3. Do you like (this / that) peach?
4. Is (this / that) banana ripe?
5. Do you want (this / that) plumover there?
B. Imagine you are at this market. Complete each sentence. Use this
or that in each sentence.
6. I want .
7. I like .
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GRAMMAR DEMONSTRATIVEADJECTIVES: SINGULAR 40
We can get vegetables at
that market over there.
I like this salad.
• Use that to tell about something far from you.
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GRAMMAR DEMONSTRATIVEADJECTIVES: PLURAL 41Use Demonstrative
Adjectives: These and Those
A demonstrative adjective tells if things are near or far.
• Use these to tell about things that are near to you.
A. Imagine you are at this market. Tell where you are standing. Say
each sentence with this, that, these, or those.
1. How much are (these / those) cucumbers?
2. I want (these / those) apples.
3. (These / Those) oranges look delicious!
4. May I have (these / those) green beans over there?
5. I like (these / those) lemons.
B. Imagine you are at the market in the photo. Complete each sentence.
Use these or those in each sentence.
6. May I try ?
7. I like .
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I want those tomatoes there.I like these peppers here.
• Use those to tell about things that are far from you.
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GRAMMARDEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES 42Use Demonstrative
Adjectives
A demonstrative adjective tells if things are near or far.
A. Talk about things in your classroom. Complete each sentence.
1. I want that over there.
2. I like this right here.
3. I want those .
B. Tell a partner about other things you see in your classroom.
Complete each sentence.
4. I am in the front row. I sit in here.
5. We study in the back of the room.
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Near Far
I sit at this desk right here. I can find China on that globe over there.
These desks are new. Students look at those
pictures over there.
Demonstrative Adjectives
Singular
thisthat
Plural
thesethose
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Use an Adjective + -erto Compare
Do you want to compare two things? Just add -er to a short adjective .The word than usually comes after the adjective.
tall + -er = taller
A. Add -er to the adjective. Then say the sentence with the adjective
that compares.
1. young
Jean is than her brother.
2. short
She is also than her brother.
3. light
Her brother’s hair is than Cindy’s hair.
B. Complete each sentence. Use an adjective that compares.
4. Jean is than Cindy.
5. Jean’s hair is than Cindy’s hair.
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GRAMMAR COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: -ER 43
Jean is taller than
Cindy.
Adjective
Adjective
That
Compares
Example
tall taller Jean is taller than Cindy.
young younger Cindy is younger than Jean.
long longer Cindy’s hair is longer than
Jean’s hair.
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GRAMMAR COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: MORE
Use More + an Adjective to Compare
Some adjectives are long words. For long adjectives, use the word more
to compare two things.
more + athletic = more athletic
A. Add more before the adjective. Then say each sentence with the
adjective that compares.
1. graceful
Yao is than Chen.
2. eager
However, Chen is to play than Yao is.
3. cheerful
Chen is usually than Yao, too.
B. Complete each sentence. Use the adjectives powerful and
positive. Make the adjectives compare.
4. Yao is than Chen.
5. Chen’s attitude is than Yao’s attitude.
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Chen is more energeticthan Yao.
Adjective
Adjective
That
Compares
Example
athletic more
athletic
Yao is more athletic
than Chen.
confident more
confident
However, Chen is more
confident than Yao.
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GRAMMAR COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: -ER AND MORE
Use Adjectives That Compare
• Use an adjective to compare two people, places, or things.
• Never use -er and more together.
A. Cross out -er or more. Say the new sentence.
1. Jon’s music is more popularer than Sal’s music.
2. Jon’s music is also more louder than Sal’s music.
3. Sal’s songs are more pleasanter than Jon’s songs.
4. Sometimes Sal’s songs are also more sadder than Jon’s songs.
B. Complete each sentence. Use adjectives from the chart. Make
the adjectives compare.
5. Sal’s flute music is than Jon’s guitar music.
6. Jon’s music is than Sal’s music.
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1. If the adjective is short, add -er.
sweet loud soft
sweeter louder softer
2. If the adjective is long, use more before the adjective.
cheerful popular
more cheerful more popular
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GRAMMAR SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES: -EST
Use an Adjective + -estto Compare
Do you want to compare three or more things? Just add -est to a short adjective . The word the always comes before an adjective that ends with -est.
short + -est = shortest
A. Add -est to the adjective. Then say the sentence with the
adjective that compares.
1. young
Luis is the of all the friends.
2. bright
Sue has the smile.
3. short
Mike has the hair.
B. Complete each sentence about the photo. Use an adjective that
compares.
4. Luis has the eyes of all his friends.
5. Mike has the shirt of all.
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Mike is the tallest of
the friends.
Adjective
Adjective
That
Compares
Example
short shortest Sue is the shortest of all.
old oldest Sue is the oldest of the group.
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GRAMMAR SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES: MOST
Use Most + an Adjective to Compare
Some adjectives are long words. For long adjectives, use the word most to compare three or more things.
most + creative = most creative
A. Add most before the adjective. Then say the sentence with the
adjective that compares.
1. sensitive
Sam is the one in the group.
2. comical
He is also the of the friends.
3. curious
Jody is the of them all.
B. Complete each sentence. Use the adjectives energetic and
cheerful. Make the adjectives compare.
4. Mandy is the person in the group.
5. She is also the of them all.
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Jody is the most creative .
AdjectiveAdjective That
ComparesExample
thoughtful most thoughtful Sam is the most thoughtful of the friends.
talkative most talkative Mandy is the most talkative .
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Use Irregular Adjectives to Compare
• These adjectives have special forms.
To Describe 1 Thing good bad
To Compare 2 Things better worse
To Compare 3 or More Things best worst
• How many people are being compared in these sentences?
Yuki is a better soccer player than I am.
My brother is the worst player on the team.
A. Say each sentence with the correct adjective.
1. Which is the (better / best) high school team in your state?
2. The Stars are good, but the Mustangs are (better / best).
3. The Mustangs are (worse / worst) than my team, though.
4. The Jaguars are the (worse / worst) team of all.
B. Complete each sentence. Use an adjective that compares.
5. Your little sister is the soccer player in the second grade.
6. My ten-year-old cousin is a player than your sister.
7. You are a player than my cousin.
8. She is the player on the team.
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GRAMMARIRREGULAR COMPARATIVES 48
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GRAMMAR POSSESSIVENOUNS: SINGULAR 49Use Possessive Nouns
for One Owner
• Use a possessive noun to show that someone owns or has something.
• Sometimes one person or thing has something. Add ’s to the end of the noun.
A. Use a possessive noun to say the underlined words. Say the
new sentence.
1. The orchestra of the school is practicing.
2. The students watch the baton of the conductor.
3. The drums of Nathan are loud.
4. Do you see the violin of Marissa?
5. One of the strings of the violin is broken.
B. Complete each sentence. Use a possessive noun that names
one owner.
6. trombone is a brass instrument.
7. I like the sound of oboe.
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One Owner Add ’s Sentence
the flute of Sara
Sara’s flute Look at Sara’s
flute.
the trumpet of the boy
the boy’s
trumpetThe boy’s
trumpet is shiny.
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GRAMMAR POSSESSIVENOUNS: PLURALUse Possessive Nouns
for More Than One Owner
• Use a possessive noun to show that people own or have something.
• Sometimes more than one person or thing has something. Add ’ to the end of the noun if the noun ends in -s. Add ’s if the noun does not end in -s.
A. Use a possessive noun to say the underlined words. Say the
new sentence.
1. The costumes of the teens are white.
2. I like the ballet shoes of the girls.
3. The ballet shoes of the men are black.
4. The movements of the students are perfect.
B. Complete each sentence. Use a possessive noun that names more
than one owner.
5. The exercises are hard.
6. There are many teachers. The instructions are important.
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More Than One
OwnerAdd ’ or ’s Sentence
the teacher of the dancers
the dancers’ teacher The dancers’
teacher is nice.
the dance of the children
the children’s dance I like the children’s
dance.
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GRAMMARPOSSESSIVE NOUNS 51Use Possessive Nouns
Use a possessive noun to show who owns or has something.
A. Use a possessive noun to say the underlined words. Say the
new sentence.
1. The race of the men starts first.
2. Mario is riding the bike of Joshua in this race.
3. The bikes of the boys are red.
4. The helmet of one girl is orange.
5. I am recording the times of the racers.
B. Complete each sentence. Use a possessive noun.
6. One dream is to win the race.
7. Another goal is to finish in the top 10 percent.
8. Many goal is to finish the race.
9. My plan is to buy a racing bike.
10. Some hope is just to exercise.
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One Owner Add ’s. Mario’s helmet is red.
More Than
One Owner
Add ’ if the noun ends in -s.
The riders’ bikes have brakes.
Add ’s if the noun does not end in -s.
Olivia rides in the women’s race.
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GRAMMAR POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES: SINGULARUse Possessive Adjectives:
My, Your, His, Her, and Its
A possessive adjective tells who owns or has something.
A. Say each sentence. Use the correct word.
1. I practice tennis with (I / my) friend.
2. Dena borrows a racquet. (She / Her) racquet is at home.
3. (Its / It) handle is broken.
4. Jake makes (his / he) best serve.
5. Can you hit the ball with (you / your) racquet?
B. Complete the sentences. Use possessive adjectives.
6. He hits the ball. hit is a point.
7. I serve the ball. first serve is the best.
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I myI have a tennis racquet. This is my racquet.
you your Do you have a racquet? Is that your racquet?
he his Jake has a racquet, too. He takes his racquet to practice.
she her Dena has new tennis shoes. She likes her tennis shoes.
it its It is a nice court. Its
pavement is new.
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GRAMMAR POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES: PLURALUse Possessive Adjectives:
Our, Your, and Their
A possessive adjective tells who owns or has something.
A. Say each sentence. Use the correct word.
1. We put on a play with (we / our) drama club.
2. The students get scripts. They learn (they / their) lines.
3. The drama teacher asks, “Did you all learn (you / your) lines?”
4. Some actors are not ready. They still need to practice (their / your) lines.
5. We perform (your / our) play for a lot of people.
6. “You did a great job in (your / their) play!” they tell us.
B. Complete each sentence. Use possessive adjectives.
7. We like to act. club puts on plays.
8. Do you like to act? Does school have a drama club?
9. The members do well. plays are great.
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we our We are in a play. Our play is tonight.
you your You both wear costumes. Are your costumes ready?
they their The actors work hard. They want their play to be good.
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GRAMMARPOSSESSIVE ADJECTIVESUse Possessive Adjectives
• A possessive adjective tells who owns or has something.
Nina likes to write. Her articles are in the school newspaper.
• Use the correct possessive adjective to show who owns something.
A. Say each sentence. Use the correct word.
1. Ed likes sports. (Your / His) stories are about sports.
2. I am a reporter. I interview (my / I) teachers.
3. Tina writes poems. Sometimes (her / their) poems are in the paper.
4. Will you take pictures for the paper? (You / Your) pictures are always good.
5. The teachers are editors. (Their / They) comments are helpful.
6. We all work hard. Do you like (its / our) newspaper?
B. Complete the sentences. Use possessive adjectives.
7. Reporters write for newspapers. stories give us the news.
8. school has a newspaper. name is Hudson High News.
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Subject
PronounsI you he she it we they
Possessive
Adjectivesmy your his her its our their
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Adjectives Usually Come Before Nouns
Adjectives describe, or tell more about, nouns. They usually come before the nouns
they describe.
Animal rescuers are courageous and kind people.
They find lost , sick , or hurt animals.
The frightened , dangerous animals
need help.
Avoid these problems:
Problem Solution
Animal rescuers have tools special.
They also use reflexes quick.
Animal rescuers have special tools.
They also use quick reflexes.
A. Tell about the rescue. Say each sentence with the adjective
in parentheses.
1. The rescuers rushed to the disaster. (brave)
2. They searched for the animals. (helpless)
3. Christine picked up the animals. (wounded)
4. She washed them with soap. (mild)
5. The animals were safe. (tired and frightened)
B. Imagine you are an animal rescuer in the photo. Write an e-mail to a
friend. Use adjectives to describe your experience.
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LANGUAGE TRANSFERPLACEMENT OF ADJECTIVES 18
An incredible, brave rescue
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Never Make an Adjective Plural
• Adjectives are words that describenouns. The adjective does not change,even if the noun is plural.
This is a large zoo.
We have two large zoos in the city.
• Use a before an adjective that beginswith a consonant . Use an before anadjective that begins with a vowel .
A male tiger may weigh up to 500 pounds.
An old tiger may hunt people.
Avoid these problems:
Problem Solution
The cubs are smalls tigers.
A adult, male tiger lives alone.
The cubs are small tigers.
An adult, male tiger lives alone.
A. Add an adjective to each sentence. Add a or an before the adjective
if needed. More than one answer is possible.
1. The tiger babies cannot see at birth.
2. After a few months, the babies play outside.
3. baby might bite his mother’s tail.
4. mother watches over her babies.
B. Now tell about another animal. Write four sentences to describe
it. Use adjectives.
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LANGUAGE TRANSFERADJECTIVES 19
We see powerful tigers.
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Use Many, Much,Some, and Any
• Indefinite adjectives can be used inquestions and answers.
• Use many to ask about things you cancount. Answer with a specific amount.
How many pineapples do we need?We need one pineapple.
• Use much to ask about things youcan’t count.
How much jam do we have?We have two jars.
• Use some and any to ask about things you can and cannot count.Answer with some, any, or a specific amount.
Can you buy some milk? Yes, I see some here.
Do we have any yogurt? No, we don’t have any.
Can you see any pasta? Yes, I see five boxes.
A. Choose a word to complete each question. Then answer the
questions with some, any, or a specific amount.
1. How (many / much) carrots do you want?
2. Do you have (many / any) juice in your cart?
3. How (many / much) butter do we need?
4. Do you see (some / many) soup on the shelf?
5. Can you look for (much / some) sugar?
B. Now talk about the photo. Write four questions and answers about groceries.
Use many, much, some, and any in your questions and answers.
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LANGUAGE TRANSFERINDEFINITE ADJECTIVES 20
We have some groceries.
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A Noun Can Show Who Owns Something
• Use a possessive noun to show who has something.
the car of Teresa = Teresa’s car
the sign of the boy = the boy’s sign
the parents of all the boys = the boys’
parents
the clothes of all the children = the children’s clothes
Avoid these problems:
Problem Solution
The signs of the boys are big.
The parents of the boy wash cars.
The boys’ signs are big.
The boy’s parents wash cars.
A. Use a correct possessive noun and say the sentence.
1. club is having a car wash. (Mario)
2. come with their cars. (the parents of
the students)
3. helps the students. (the mom of Jennie)
4. is to raise $250. (the goal of the club)
5. is to help the community center. (the plan of the members)
B. Write three sentences about the photo. Use possessive nouns.
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LANGUAGE TRANSFERPOSSESSIVE NOUNS 21
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