Upheavals in
China
Focus Question
How did China cope with internal division and foreign invasion in the
early 1900s?
Objectives
• I can explain the challenges the new republic faced.
• I can analyze the struggle between the Communists and the Nationalists.
• China is ripe for revolution
• Spheres of influence economically crippling
• Unsuccessful in pushing out foreigners
A New Power• Nationalist Party of
China lead by Sun Yixian (Yat sen)– Calls for
modernization• Qing Dynasty
overthrown 1911 by Nationalists– A republic formed
Three Principles of the People
• Nationalism• Democracy• Economic
Security
Civil War 1916
- No national agreement on rule
• Fight with Allies in WWI– Hope to gain German colonies located in
Pacific• does not happen – colonies are given to
Japan
May Fourth Movement – 5/4/1919
Nationalists turn against Sun Yixian
Communist Party - 1921• Mao Zedong helps form
party• Marxist Socialism
– Private property taken and divided among peasants
– Private companies seized– Believes that peasant
equality, revolutionary spirit, and hard work will improve the economy
• Lenin helps Nationalists who agree to work with Communists– Sun dies - 1925– Jiang Jieshi – National leader becomes president -
1928• Opposes communism
• Peasants align with Communists• Nationalists and Communists clash
– Nationalists almost wipe out Communist Party• Communists resist rule
Another Civil War … 1930• Mao recruits peasants
– Trains them as a guerrilla army
• Long March – 6,000 mile journey – 1933– 100,000 marchers, only
7-8,000 survive• Japan invades China in 1937
– N & C join together to fight Japanese during WWII
– Civil War resumes afterwards• Communists win• Nationalists retreat to
Taiwan
Who should lead the new China?Here are 2 views of China’s most influential leaders on who
should direct the future of China. Answer … Who does each person think should lead China?One Strong LeaderThe most important point of
fascism is absolute trust in a sagely able leader. Aside from complete trust in one person, there is no other leader or ism. Therefore, with the organization, although there are cadre, council members, and executives, there is no conflict among them; there is only the trust in the one leader. The leader has the final decision in all matters.
- Jiang Jieshi, 1933
Peasant MassesThe broad peasant masses have
risen to fulfill their historic mission … the democratic forces in the rural areas have risen to overthrow the rural feudal power … To overthrow this feudal power is the real objective of the national revolution. What Dr. Sun Yat-sen wanted to do … but failed to accomplish, the peasants have accomplished in a few months.
- Mao Zedong, 1927
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