Update on ACPA/IGGA Surface Characteristics Research
Presented toRPUG Meeting
Atlanta, GADec 9, 2009
Larry Scofield, P.E.
Lets Look Back In Time…..
Noise … a Quality of Life Issue?
Consumer Perception: Concrete is Noisier than Asphalt
Concrete Industry Off to Slow Start!!---The 3 dBA Rule---
No Standardized Test Method For Measuring Tire/Pavement Noise
Transverse Tining Most Widely Used Texture– FHWA Tech Advisory
Volume(Too Loud)
Frequency(Off Station)
Noise Issues
Quality of LifeInvestment DecisionsThe Future is Different
AASHTO TP-76
Two Types of Annoyance
Volume (Too Loud) Frequency (Off Station)
100
104
Frequency
dBA
110Phx
dBA
Tonal Spike
2005 Concrete Industry Mobilizes
PCA Provided Funding to ACPA to Conduct a Three Year Research Project on NoiseACPA Contracted with Purdue University to Conduct Noise Research on:IGGA Developed Grinding Head and Provided Technical Expertise to Purdue
Purdue Noise Research
Evaluate Existing Texture ModificationEvaluate New Innovative Textures ConstructionRolling Resistance,Texture, and Friction of Tested Surfaces
Purdue Research-- Tire Pavement Test Apparatus (TPTA)
Purdue Existing Texture Research (Diamond Grinding)
Blade WidthBlade SpacingJoint Slap
Spacer Blade
Purdue Existing Texture Research Results: Fin Profile, Not Blade Width and Spacing, Was What Was Important
Final NGCS Research at Purdue
Effect of Groove Spacing, Width, Depth, Insert
1/8”-1/4”
Groove Width
Groove SpacingInsert
3/8”-3/4”Micro Texture
NGCS LITE---Renewable Surface Texture
MicroTexture
Grooves for Macro Texture
NGCS Construction
Flush Grind
Grooved
Changes in Kansas I-70 OBSI Overall Level Over Time (ISU Data)
NGCS Update at MnROADs
101.0 100.7
101.8
105.0
102.8
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
Soun
d In
tens
ity L
evel
, dB
A
Pavement Section
Montecello NGCS
Cell 7 NGCC
Cell 9NGCS LITE
MontecelloCDG
Cell 8 CDG
30 30 50
Current and Future NGCS Sites10% of the States Now Have NGCS to Evaluate—In 2010 20%
3
How Does Grinding Stack Up
Transverse TineConventional
Diamond Grinding
Longitudinal Tine Next Generation Concrete Surface
103-110dBA
101-106 dBA
100-104dBA
99-101dBA
Traffic
Twice as
Loud
Purdue New Surface Textures Results
Establish the Lower Limit Possible with ConcreteEvaluate Unique Geometric Patterns
CirclesDiamondARFC TextureWaffle PatternRandom Waffle Spherical
Imprinting Roller for Diamond Pattern Texture
Cast Diamond Pattern
Circle
Circles 8 mm in diameter
Spheres
Spheres 8 mm in diameterOverlap so only about 6 mm between peaks of adjacent spheres
Results of Geometric Patterns
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
Tined Uniform Waffle
Tined w/Burlap
Exposed Aggregate
Random Waffle
Sphere Diamond Circle Blank
Ove
rall
A-w
eigh
ted
inte
nsit
y le
vel
(dB(
A)
re: 1
pW
/m2 )
Goodyear Aquatred
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Uniroyal SRTT
Average of Three Tires
Comparison of Different Textures
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
Tined Sphere Phase 2 blank Circle IT Blank Full grind
Ove
rall
A-w
eigh
ted
inte
nsit
y le
vel (
dB(A
) re
: 1 p
W/m
2 )
Goodyear Aquatred
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Uniroyal SRTT
Average of Three Tires
Growing Old Or “Acoustic Longevity”
Changing Performance Over
Time
Pavement Age (Yrs)
Noise Level (dBA)
Asphalt
Concrete
Why Is Acoustic Longevity Important?
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
OB
SI L
evel
(dB
A)
Years Since Constructed
Kansas Conventional Diamond Grinding
FHWA Barely Perceptible
Zone
Arizona Asphalt Rubber Friction Course
Joint Slap Spreadsheet
Joint Calculation• Distance between joints• Vehicle speed • Groove width and depth
Pavement Noise Calculation• Overall level – input texture generated noise level• Texture noise level – input measured overall level
Hydroplaning
(Hydroplaning)
Mean Texture Depth (Kansas I-70)
1.9
1.5
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.3
0
1
2
Mea
n Te
xtur
e D
epth
(mm
)
Pavement Section
NGCS
GroovedAstroTurf
ExposedAggregate
CDG
AstroTurfDrag Long
Tined
BurlapDrag
Water Depth For Hydroplaning (I-70 Data) (Utah Requirements)
1.81.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1
2.2
0
1
2
3
Max
imum
Wat
er D
epth
(mm
)
Pavement Section
NGCS
GroovedAstroTurf
ExposedAggregate
CDGAstroTurfDrag
LongTined
BurlapDrag
Maximum Allowable Water Depth
Friction Results!!!
Copyright © 2008 Ron Kurtus, and School for Champions LLC @http://www.school-for-champions.com
ASTM Locked Wheel Skid Testing of NGCS
New Construction SurfaceEstablish Acoustic Lower Limit for Non-porous SurfacesIdentify Efficient Geometric Patterns, if anyEvaluate Toppings
51
36
5148
44
4945
49
74
66
57 58
54 55
48
56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fric
tion
(SN
40)
Texture Type
Ribbed Tire (SN40R)
Smooth Tire (SN40S)
Random Transverse
Tined
Next Generation Concrete Surface
NGCSLITE
Conventional Diamond Grinding
Shadow effect indicates testing at construction
10/31/08
10/23/07
5/28/08
10/31/08
10/23/07
5/28/08
10/31/08 10/31/08
CT-342 Friction Testing at Angles
Increasing
Grooved Vs Non-Grooved Astro Turf Friction Results
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
40 50 70
Fric
tion
Val
ue (S
N)
Speed (mph)
Astro Turf
Grooved Astro Turf
Note: (1) Ribbed Tire is Dashed Line(2) Smooth Tire is Solid Line
In Summary
The NGCS provides a quiet surfaceJoint Slap Model Can be Used to Evaluate Transverse Joint Designs for Impact on Overall Pavement NoiseSeveral Geometric Patterns Developed Low Noise SurfacesAcoustic and Friction Longevity is Still Under Evaluation- The Journey is Underway
Questions?
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