UNIT V
The Rise of Nationalism
The Futile Search for Stability
Section 24-1
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
depression- a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
collective bargaining- the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
deficit spending- going into debt to finance government projects
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
UNEASY PEACE Germans were unable to pay the $33 billion in
reparations
As a result, they printed more paper money causing the mark to be worthless
Americans stepped in and loaned $200 million to Germany and reduced the payments
France still enforced the T. of Versailles
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
UNEASY PEACE (contd) In 1928 sixty-three nations signed the
Kellogg-Briand pact It pledged to “renounce war as an
instrument of national policy” There was no way of enforcing this
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
THE GREAT DEPRESSION Brief period of economic prosperity in
1924 Depression of 1929
2 major factors leading to the Great Depression
1. series of downturns in economies around the world
2. international financial crisis caused by the American stock market
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
THE GREAT DEPRESSION contd Political Effects of the Great
Depression1. governments more involved in the
economies2. communism became more popular3. people followed dictators who
offered solutions
What major global events occurred between WWI and WWII?
France became the strongest country in Europe after WWI
they didn’t feel the Depression until 1932.
GB lost many of its markets to Japan and the US.
Germany experienced major economic problems which led to fear
By 1933 12 million people were
unemployed. FDR elected to presidency
and introduced the New Deal - an economic policy that increased government funded public works
He also introduced legislation that led to Social Security and welfare.
Did not fix the financial problems.
EUROPE during the Great Depression
AMERICA during the Great Depression
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
Section 24-2
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
totalitarian state-government that aims to control the political, economic social, intellectual, or cultural lives of its citizens
fascism- glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for strong central government led by a dictator
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
Politburo- seven member committee that was leading policy-making body of the Communist party in the Soviet Union
collectivization- a system in which private farms are eliminated in favor of government ownership of land
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
3 major dictators to emerge after WWI: 1. Benito Mussolini (Italy)
IN 1919, he create a new political group called Fascio di Combattimento; it was a fascist party, by 1922, Mussolini threatedn Rome with force and the King gave him the title of Prime Minister. Mussolini had full power.
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
3 major dictators to emerge after WWI contd 2. Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
He was a general secretary within the Communist party; he used this position to appoint many officials thus, he gained lot of support. By 1929 he established a dictatorship.
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
3 major dictators to emerge after WWI contd. 3. Francisco Franco (Spain)
IN 1936 led a revolt against the democratic government; bloody civil war began; he won and established a dictatorship favoring large landowners, business people, and the Catholic clergy
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
RISE of DICTATORS By 1939, the only democratic European
powers were France and GB Italy, Soviet Union, Germany all were
dictatorships some were totalitarian states Used mass propaganda to achieve this
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
FASCISM in ITALY Mussolini led the fascist party; it glorified
the state above the individual and emphasized the need for a strong central government.
He took on the title “Il Duce”, The Leader Made Catholicism as the national religion
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
NEW ERA in the SOVIET UNION Politburo was a seven member committee
in Russia Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky were rivals within this group; Stalin eventually perseveres and Trotsky is thrown out of the party and murdered
Leon Trotsky
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
First Five Year Plan-production of heavy machines and weapons, resulted in production of steel and oil
Collectivization- private farms were eliminated and the government owned all of the farm land.
Widespread famine, poor living conditions, 10 million peasants died between 1932-3, wages also declined
Stalin sent many people to labor camps in Siberia, others executed, 8 million Russians were arrested
Social Changes During Stalin
Results
How did dictators come to power between WWI and WWII?
AUTHORITARIAN STATES in the WEST After WWI, Eastern European countries like
Poland and Hungary tried to adopt Parliamentary systems. They failed because: They never had a tradition of democracy Rural societies and peasants were illiterate Many ethnic conflicts Overall support of the old authoritarian systems
Hitler and Nazi Germany
Section 24-3
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Reichstag- the German Parliament
concentration camp- large prison camps in which members of minority groups and political dissidents are confined
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Nazi Policies and Activities (5) 1. Terror:
Used to create a totalitarian state; created the Schutzstaffel (SS), controlled secret police forces Einsatzgruppen – death squads that were part
of SS sent out in groups to kill Jews Used concentration camps and death camps to
achieve its purpose
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Nazi Policies and Activities (5) 2. Economy:
Hitler instituted large public works program it was actually program to create a huge military
while providing lots of jobs to the German people. People followed Hitler and the Nazi’s because
they ended the depression.
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Nazi Policies and Activities (5) 3. Spectacles/ Organizations-
Youth organizations created (Hitler Youth) demonstrations and spectacles to create
nationalism churches and schools were also brought under
the control of the Nazi party
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Nazi Policies and Activities (5) 4. Women:
men were to be warriors and leaders;
women were meant to be mothers and wives
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Nazi Policies and Activities (5) 5. Jews:
Nuremburg Laws excluded Jews from German citizenship;
had to wear yellow Star of David and carry ID cards by 1938 sent to concentration camps could not own businesses
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Hitler and His Views (2 slides) Born in Austria in April 20, 1889 Wanted to be an artist but was rejected By 1921 he had taken control of the
Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi, for short)
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Hitler and his views contd In 1923 he organized the Beer Hall Putsch,
a political uprising He was put in Jail and wrote Mein Kampf
(My Struggle)
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Extreme German Nationalism
Strong anti-Semitism
Anticommunist
Lebensraum- living space wanted to expand the borders of Germany
Believed in the superiority of certain individuals
Hitler’s Basic Ideas Other ideas
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
Because of the extreme economic problems in Germany, the Nazi’s were able to rise to power. The depression made extremist parties look goof. Gained control of the Reichstag
The Enabling Act gave Germany the ability to ignore the constitution for 4 years while it issues solutions to Germany’s problems. It gave Hitler’s actions a legal basis
Rise of Nazi Party Victory of Nazi Party
EQ: How did Hitler rise to power?
The Nazi State: (1 slide) Misused the term Aryan Wanted to create an empire like ancient
Rome The SS played an import role in the terror in
Germany Hitler passed laws to ensure the goals
were carried out how he wanted
The Course of WWII
Section 26-2
What actions led to the start of WWII?
blitzkrieg- “lightening war” German method of warfare, based on tank divisions supported by airplanes
partisan- a resistance fighter
What actions led to the start of WWII?
AXIS Powers Germany Italy Japan
“Big Three” Allies Great Britain USA Soviet Union
What actions led to the start of WWII?
EUROPE at WAR (2) Hitler attacked Poland with Blitzkrieg
strategy in September of 1939 Britain and France declared war on
Germany but didn’t do much over the next few months
Hitler went on to attack Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and France.
Went on to attack Britain from the air
What actions led to the start of WWII?
EUROPE at WAR (contd) Germany controlled about 3/5 of France
became known as Vinchy France after they signed an armistice
Germany really tried to defeat GB but their air force was too good
US passed isolationist laws during the 1930’s preventing them from getting involved in European wars
What actions led to the start of WWII?
JAPAN at WAR (2) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on 12-7-1941 They launched an attack on Pacific islands
They attacked American navel bases in order to destroy the American fleets stationed there
They though the FDR administration would accept this
What actions led to the start of WWII?
JAPAN at WAR The attack unified Americans The US joins WWII with European nations
and China in an effort to defeat Japan
What actions led to the start of WWII?
Allies Advance (2) Hitler continues his campaign through
North Africa he was far from defeat German troops were led by General Erwin
Rommel
What actions led to the start of WWII?
Allies Advance On June 4, 1942 was the turning point for
the war on Asia; Allies would seek only unconditional surrender by the axis powers
The Battle of Midway Island US destroys Japanese aircraft US defeated Japanese navy and established
dominance in the Pacific
What actions led to the start of WWII?
LAST YEARS of WAR (2) June 6, 1944- D-Day the invasion of
Normandy beached in France Major victory for the Americans but also we
lost many soldiers German troops were pushed back by the
Soviets The last to deal with were the Japanese
What actions led to the start of WWII?
Last Years of War President Truman authorized the dropping
of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August 1945
Japanese surrendered on August 14, 1945
The New World Order and the Holocaust
Section 26-3
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
genocide- the physical extermination of a racial, political, or cultural group
collaborator- a person who assists the enemy
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Nazi Policy and how they were used: (5)
1. resettlement- Nazis saw land to the east as ‘living space’; Himmler was put in charge of moving ethnic people out of these lands and moving in Germans.
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Nazi Policy and how they were used
2. forced labor- the Nazi party forced people both inside and outside of Germany to work for them
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Nazi Policy and how they were used 3. Final Solution -genocide of Jews
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Nazi Policy and how they were used 4. Einsatzgruppen-special task
forceUsed to round up and exterminate
Jews.They then buried them in mass
graves
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Nazi Policy and how they were used 5. Death Camps- Jews were shipped to
death Camps beginning in 1942. There were 6
death Camps. The Germans killed over 3 million
Jews.
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
New World Order in Europe (1) Many workers were sent to These workers were brutally recruited People began to resist the NAzis
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
The Holocaust (2) Deliberate attempt to exterminate Jews Hitler had radical views about on ethniciaty Nazis began the genocide of Jews in death
camps, the largest of which was Auschwitz Over 6 million Jews were killed during WWII,
with 3 million of those as the result of the death camps
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
Although the Allies knew about the concentration camps they choose to focus their attention to ending the war
They did not realize the ex tent of the atrocities of the camps
What atrocities were committed by the Nazis during WWII?
New Order in Asia (1) Japanese did have some victories in the
South Pacific As such, they appointed military authorities
to lead each territory Japan used this to their benefits The people in these areas resented the
Japanese
The Home Front and Aftermath of the War
Section 26-4
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
mobilization- the act of assembling and preparing for war
kamikaze- “divine wind” Japanese fighting units who performed suicide missions against US fighting ships
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
Cold War- the period of political tensions between the US and Soviet Union from the end of WWII until the end of the 1980’s
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
Mobilization of Peoples (1) WWI and WWII are examples of total war Mobilization includes preparing for war
economically The United States provided the arsenal for
WWII for the Allies
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
Women worked in factories to produce military equipment; this is the first time in history that large numbers of women worked outside the home
1 million enrolled in the military but had segregated units; WWII ignited the civil rights movement after the war. African Americans also moved to cities in the north for jobs in factories during WWII
American Women during WWII
African Americans during WWII
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
JAPANESE AMERICANS (1) On the West Coast in 1942, 127,000
Japanese people were moved to camps surrounded by barbed wire in Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado and other interior States
Some of them were born in the US (Nisei) This was based only on fear, not on
evidence In 1988, Congress awarded 20,000 per
survivor as an apology
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
FRONTLINE (1) Japan used kamikaze’s to target American
war ships Bombings by other countries targets
civilians and not just military; countries were under the belief that it would force peace
It did not
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
Peace and a New War (2) There were many political tensions after
WWII Big Three powers met in Yalta in 1945 (Sov.
Union, USA, and GB) Outcomes:
United Nations created Germany surrendered unconditionally and be
divided into 4 parts FDR wanted the Sov Union to have free
elections; Stalin hesitated
How did WWII affect people in the US, Japan and Europe?
FDR dies on April 12, 1945 and is succeed by Truman
July 1945 Potsdam Conference Truman demands free elections; Stalin refuses,
wants a communist state The West believed communist would take over
the world and they did not want this Churchill said “an iron curtain had descended
across the continent” Cold War starts
Ideological war as opposed to actual fighting
The Development of the Cold War
Section 27-1
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
satellite state- a state that is economically and politically dependent on a larger, more powerful state
policy of containment- the policy of the US regarding the Soviet Union, with the goal of keeping communism within its existing boundaries and preventing further Soviet aggression
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
arms race- the build-up of huge arsenals of nuclear weapons and missiles by the United States and the Soviet Union
domino theory- the belief held by US policy makers that if the Communists succeeded in South Vietnam, other countries in Asia would fall, like dominoes, to communism
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
4 Major Cold War Military Alliances:
1. NATO- (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Belgium, Luxembourg, France, the Netherlands, GB, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, US, Canada, West Germany, and Turkey
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
4 major Cold War Alliances 2. Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union, Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
4 major alliances 3.SEATO- South East Asia Treaty
Organization; United States, GB, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Alliances 4.CENTO- Central Treaty Organization;
Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, GB, US
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
CONFRONTATION of SUPERPOWERS (2) A superpower is a country whose military
power is combined with political influence Soviets wanted communism; the US and
other western wanted capitalism US feared communism and the east feared
capitalism US and Soviets became rivals
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Contd The US adopted a policy of containment to
keep communism within its existing boundaries and prevent further Soviet aggression
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Truman Doctrine/ Marshall Plan (2) European Recovery Program in 1947 The goal of the program was to rebuild the
prosperity and stability in Europe $13 billion in aid for Europe
Based on the belief that if countries were economically unstable they would turn to communism
Eastern countries refused to join
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Marshall Plan contd. In 1949Soviet Union founded COMECON
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance It failed because there was not economic aid
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Spread of Cold War The US and the Soviet Union believed they
other needed arsenals of nuclear weapons to prevent war
If both sides had these weapons, then neither side would launch an attack because the other side would be able to strike back
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Spread of Cold War Arms race occurred Countries formed alliances US was allied with 42 countries around the
world
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
The Cuban Missile Crisis In 1959 Fidel Castro (communist) overthrew
Fulgencio Batista 1960 JFK is elected JFK approved a secret plan for Cuban exiles to
invade Cuba in hope of causing a revolt against Castro
This became known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion
It was a disaster! Many exiles were killed or captured
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
After Bay of Pigs, Soviet Union sent arms and military advisors to Cuba; US didn’t want nuclear wepsons that close to US; October 1963, Khrushchev sent ships with missiles to Cuba and Kennedy set up a blockade. This gave both sides time to find a peaceful solution
Closest ever to nuclear war. Khrushchev agreed to stop ships and remove Soviet missiles from Cuba is JFK pledged not to invade Cuba. JFK agreed. A hotline was set up Moscow to Washington, DC to communicate quickly in times of crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis Results
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Vietnam and the Domino Theory (3) 1963, the US had been drawn into a war
with Vietnam LBJ sent more troops in 1964 with the
purpose of keeping communist government in North Vietnam from gaining control of South Vietnam
Domino theory: if communists in north gained control of the south then other countries in Asia would fall to communism
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Vietnam contd Many college students protest; as the war
went on there was not a lot of support for it Nixon was elected by pledging to stop the
war In 1973, we started to withdraw troops North and South Vietnam were reunited
What are superpowers and what was their importance after WWII?
Vietnam contd Domino theory turned out to be wrong New nations in SE Asia avoided
communism Relationship with China was established The Vietnam war showed the limits of
American power
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Section 27-2
What was society like in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950’s and 60’s?
heavy industry- the manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines
de-Stalinization- the process of eliminating the more ruthless policies of Stalin
What was society like in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950’s and 60’s? 6 countries in Eastern Europe that
became Soviet States after WWII
1. East Germany 2. Bulgaria 3. Romania 4. Poland 5. Hungary 6. Czechoslovakia
What was society like in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950’s and 60’s?
WWII devastated the Soviet Union; Stalin institutes a policy of production of goods for export; used heavy industry but it did not benefit people of Soviet Union; there was not enough consumer goods for the people; many families lived in one room apts. Stalin ruled with an iron hand. He died in 1953.
Khrushchev took steps to undo many of Stalin’s policies, it became known as de-Stalinization. He also loosened government controls on literary works; emphasized the production of consumer goods, and increased farming.
Stalin Era Khrushchev
What was society like in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950’s and 60’s?
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron Curtain Albania and Yugoslavia were communist
countries; however, they were not controlled by the Soviet Union
Both countries were against the Nazi party during WWII
Both countries refused to follow Stalin
Western Europe and North America
27-3
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
welfare state- a state in which the government takes responsibility for providing citizens with services and minimal standard of living
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
bloc- a group of nations with a common purpose
real wages- the actual purchasing power of income
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
Western Europe: Recovery and Unity (2) GB had serious economic problems at the
end of WWII The Labour government set out to create a
welfare state The cost of building a welfare state at home
forced the British to reduce expenses abroad
GB was forced to give in to the demands of its colonies for independence
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
Western Europe: Recovery and Unity The Common Market or European Economic
Community (EEC) Free-trade area made up of 6 member nations They agreed not to impose any tariffs on each
other’s goods
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
The federal government had new power b/c of the New Deal; there was an economic boom; real wages grew 3% per year. The Cold War made Americans afraid of Communism; led to the rise of Joseph McCarthy; he instituted the “Red Scare” questioned movie stars and intellectuals in their involvement in the Communist party. McCarthy was condemned by Congress in 1954 for his actions
Major social changes occurred in this time; everyone was optimistic; 1954 SCOTUS rules on Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and makes segregation illegal; Civil Rights Act of 1964; The Voting Rights Act of 1965
USA in the 1950’s USA in the 1960’s
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
The Development of Canada (1) After WWII, US invested heavily in Canada
and Canadians worried that US would try to take over Canada in terms of the economy
What economic and social changes occurred in the west after WWII?
After WWII, class changes, people had machines in their homes to make things easier; women were in the workforce and also had to raise a family; in the 1960’ they revolted against this idea
Pre-war, people who went to college were from wealthy classes; after WWII more people from middle and lower classes; this caused overcrowded classrooms and eventually, student protest. Students felt that universities did not respond to their world.
Women after WWII College Students
Decline of the Soviet Union
Section 28-1
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
détente- a relaxation of tensions between nations, especially used for American-Soviet relations in the 1970’s
dissident- a person who speaks out against a regime
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
perestroika- “restructuring” the term used by Mikhail Gorbachev for economic reforms in the Soviet Union in the late 1980’s
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
From Cold War to Post-Cold War (1) In the 1970’s relations between the US and
the Soviet Union improved (détente) Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985,
he wanted to make economic changes The United States had many debts because
of the strong build up in the military Both nations had to focus on their domestic
issues
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
Decline of the Soviet Union (3) 1. March 1985- Gorbachev comes to power
and wanted to make radical reforms 2.In 1990, Gorbachev allowed non-
Communist parties to organize 3. As Gorbachev loosened the reigns on
Communism, ethnic tensions increased
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
4. Nationalist governments emerged across the Soviet Union and calls for independence
5. In 1991, Gorbachev was arrested by a group of conservative leaders and then they tried to seize power. It failed
6. Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic, helped defeat the takeover
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
7. The Soviet Republics now moved for complete independence
8. Ukraine voted for independence on December 1, 1991
9. Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus announced that the Soviet Union Ceased to exist
What factors led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
Recent leaders of the Soviet Union/ Russia 1. Nikita Khrushchev 2. Leonid Brezhnev 3. Mikhail Gorbachev 4. Boris Yeltsin 5. Vladimir Putin 6. Dmitry Medvedev 7. Vladimir Putin
Eastern Europe
Section 28-2
Why did communism end in other European states?
ethnic cleansing- the Serb policy of killing or forcibly removing Bosnians from their lands
autonomous- self-governing
Why did communism end in other European states?
How Communism ended in European Countries:
Poland: Lech Walesa organized a trade union called
the Solidarity; the movement gained support. In 1988 the Polish government agreed to parliamentary elections
Why did communism end in other European states?
Czechoslovakia Mass demonstrations took place in 1988
and 1989; there was a lot of ethnic tensions. On January 1, 1993 split into two Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Why did communism end in other European states?
Romania: Communist leader Ceausescu used secret
police to crush dissent. Many were killed. Ceausescu and his wife were captured and executed. A new more balanced government was formed.
Why did communism end in other European states?
East Germany: The Berlin Wall separated East and West
Germany. Reunification of Germany took place on October 3, 1990.
Why did communism end in other European states?
Yugoslavia 1990 Communist power lost power.
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, amongst others pushed for independence. Milosevic, leader of Serbia, opposed the independence. Serbs began assault on Bosnia; Serbs used ethnic cleanings; NATO initiated bombings on Serbia. As a results, Serbia signed a peace treaty.
Why did communism end in other European states?
Reunification of Germany: In November 1989, Communist government
opened border with the West. The Berlin wall fell/ was torn down. Families saw each other for the first time in years. March 1990 first free elections were held; Christian Democrats won elections. They wanted reunification and it happened on October 3, 1990.
Europe and North America
Section 28-3
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
Thatcherism- a term for the economic policy of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
budget deficit- spending by a government that exceeds revenues
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe? The Effect of Economics on Political
Issues:
France: Experienced economic problems in the 1970’s; Socialists came to power under Francois Mitterrand in 1981; by the 1990’s conservative parties gained control of politics under Jacques Chirac.
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
Great Britain- 1979 Conservatives come to power under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher limited social welfare, restricted union power, and ended inflation. Thatcherism (economic policy) IN 1990, Thatcher tried to replace local property taxes with a flat rate tax, riots ensued, Thatcher resigned.
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
United States- 1980, high inflation and a decline in weekly earnings led to the defeat of Cater in presidential election to Ronald Reagan. Bush elected after Reagan but experienced economic problems; this allowed for Clinton to get elected.
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
Problems faced by Germany after reunification: Rebuilding took more money than
expected; government had to raise taxes. After the collapse of eastern Germany, their economy tanked and caused high unemployment. This gave way to extremists and violence.
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
US Domestic Scene in the1970’s: Watergate: Presidential scandal under
Nixon. Nixon used illegal ways to gain political information about his opponents. Reelection workers broke into DNC headquarters at the Watergate and tried to install electronic listening devices. They were caught. Nixon denied involvement; secret tapes found of his conversations; US v Nixon; Nixon resigns to avoid impeachment. Ford pardons him.
How did economic issues effect politics after 1970 in North America and Europe?
NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement Canada, Mexico, USA, effective 1994. Goal: make trade easier and more
profitable by establishing guidelines for cooperation between hose countries
Western Society and Culture
Section 28-4
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
pop art- an art style beginning in the early 1960’s that took images of popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art
postmodernism- a movement in the arts beginning in the 1980’s that was marked by a revival of traditional elements and techniques
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Changes in women’s lives In the 1970’s many women were in the
workforce. They received lower wages than men
doing the same work. The Equal Pay act was passed that gave
legal support to equal pay for women In the 1990’s there was a backlash against
the women’s movement and women wanted to go back to more traditional roles
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
The Growth of Terrorism Terrorist are groups of people who kill
civilians, take hostages etc. to draw attention to their causes and goals
Examples: IRA- Irish Republican Army; goal is to unite
Northern Ireland; have operated since the 1970’s.
Al-Qaeda- trained by Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan to carry out terrorist acts around the globe
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Science and Technology Methods used during WWII trickled down to
peacetime uses Examples: Computers, jet planes, pace
program
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Religious Revival Catholic Church experiences renewal under
two popes: John XXIII and John Paul II Vatican II liberalized some polices of the
Catholic church Balance materialism with spiritual concerns
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Trends in Art Pop art (Andy Warhol) was big in the United
States Postmodernism took over the in 1980’s Art used new technologies such as digital
cameras and computer programs
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Pop Culture US adopted a feeling of material prosperity
(aka the American Dream) in other countries it is called cultural imperialism
After WWII, TV became very popular and that how the American Dream was transferred
Movies and music became popular (Elvis, the Beatles, MTV)
How did society and culture change in Western society after 1970?
Sports, TV, and Politics After WWII, sports became a big business Sports were televised and gained $ from
advertising contracts Soccer is an example of a unifying sport Olympics mixes politics and sports
In 1972, Palestinian terrorist group seized 11 Israeli athletes as hostages
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