Topic 4 – Classifying Elements Elements are given symbols from
Latin, planets, scientists, places They can be classified into:
Metals – shiny, solid, conductors, malleable, ductile
Classifying Elements They can be classified into:
Non metals – dull solids, liquid, gas, poor conductors, brittle
Metalloids – solids, properties of metals and nonmetals combined.
Boron
(from page 118)
State at room temperature
Appearance ConductivityMalleability and
ductility
Metals• solids, except
for mercury (a liquid)
• shiny lustre
• good conductors of heat and electricity
• malleable• ductile
Non-metals
• some gases• some solids• only Bromine is
liquid
• not very shiny• poor conductors
of heat and electricity
• brittle• not ductile
Metalloids • solids• can be shiny or
dull
• may conduct electricity
• Poor conductors of heat
• brittle• not ductile
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFx7Ipaf8U
Chemical Families Elements are arranged into vertical
columns on the Periodic Table called groups or families.
The ones you must know about are the:Alkali metals – Group 1Alkaline Earth metals – Group 2Halogens – Group 17Noble Gases – Group 18
Four chemical families of the periodic table:
the alkali metals (I), the alkaline earth metals (II) halogens (VII,17), And, the noble gases (VIII,18).
Alkali Metals – Group 1
These are very reactive metals
It does not include hydrogen since it’s a nonmetal
They lose 1 electron in reactions when they become an ion.
Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2
These are relatively reactive metals
They lose 2 electrons in reactions when they become an ion.
Halogens Group 17 These are very
reactive nonmetals
They gain 1 electron in reactions when they become an ion.
The Fluorine Atom Atomic model for Fluorine (F)
It has 9 protons 10 neutrons 9 electrons
2 energy levels 2 in the first 7 in the second 8 e-s can fit in the second. It wants 1 more
Noble Gases - Group 18
These are inert, nonreactive gases
They won’t transfer electrons since all their energy levels are full.
The Krypton Atom Atomic model for Krypton (Kr)
It has 36 protons 48 neutrons 36 electrons
4 energy levels 2 in the first 8 in the second 18 e-s can fit in the third. 8 in the 4th All electrons are paired No more are needed
The Periodic Table - Crash Course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg
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