Unit #2: Everything You Wanted To Know
About Verbs But Were Afraid To Ask
Chapter 3:The Logic of the Seemingly
Illogical English Verb
The Five Verb Forms • base form (present tense): Laugh, eat • - s form (present, 3rd person, singular):
laughs, eats• - ed form (past tense): laughed, ate • - ing form (present participle): laughing,
eating• - en form (past participle): laughed, eaten
Auxiliary-Verb Combinations• Auxiliaries: helping verbs• The grammar teacher has eaten the
donuts as bribery. • The cholesterol will be clogging his
arteries.
Verb-Expansion Rule:
Predicating Verb
Auxiliary Main Verb
T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or Past
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Modals affect mood: Indicative, Conditional, and Subjunctive,
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I should have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I should have been hiding the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I will now be hiding the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Now let’s practice some more, Daquan.
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
• past + be + -ing + cry
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
• past + be + -ing + cry•was crying (Past Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want• have been wanting
(Present Perfect Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
• pres + will + have + -en + know
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
• pres + will + have + -en + know•will have known (Future Perfect)
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
PASSIVE Only one fatality was suffered by
VOICE visitors to amusement parks that year.
That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
PASSIVE Only one fatality was suffered by
VOICE visitors to amusement parks that year.
ACTIVE That year visitors to amusement
VOICE parks suffered only one fatality.
Passive Voice
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.
The subject RECEIVES the action.
Active Voice
That year visitors to amusement parks suffered only one fatality.
The subject PERFORMS the action.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
1. Circus midgets attacked us.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
2. The truth was known around the school about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.1. Circus midgets
attacked us.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
2. The truth was known around the school about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.1. Circus midgets
attacked us.
2. Everyone around the school knew the truth about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Estelle and Buster rode the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Estelle and Buster rode the first roller coaster car.
Verb Expansion Rule: Active VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern VII:
Mr. Cantrell uncomfortably caressed the Van Gogh canvas at the museum.
Passive Pattern VII:
The Van Gogh canvas at the museum was uncomfortably caressed by Mr. Cantrell.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern VIII:
The school nurse gave Mr. Dougherty a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink.
Passive Pattern VIII:
Mr. Dougherty was given a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink by the school nurse.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Passive Pattern VIII:
Mr. Dougherty was given a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink by the school nurse.
Passive Pattern VIII (option 2):
A good scolding was given by the school nurse to Mr. Dougherty for his oppressive elbow stink.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern IX:
We painted our faces green for St. Patrick’s Day.
Passive Pattern IX:
Our faces were painted green for St. Patrick’s Day.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern X:
We found Mr. Shockey’s quizzes to be a joke.
Passive Pattern X:
Mr. Shockey’s quizzes were found to be a joke (by us).
Modals affect mood:• Indicative: fact or a question about a fact– We will go soon.– When will you be leaving?
Modals affect mood:• Conditional: – Probability (I may eat)– Possibility (I could eat)– Obligation (I should eat)– Necessity (I must eat)
Modals affect mood:• Subjunctive: does not involve modal
auxiliaries• In that clauses after verbs conveying a
strong suggestion or recommendation, we use the base form of the verb:– We suggested that Cristina go with us.– Sarah insisted that Kevin consult the
doctor.–I move that the meeting be adjourned.
Modals affect mood:• In IF clauses that express a wish or a
condition contrary to fact, we use were as the standard form of be, no matter what the subject:• If I were a rich man, . . . • If I were you, I’d be careful.• If Regan weren’t so lazy, she’d
probably be a millionaire.
Modals affect mood:• If clauses that discuss a possible
condition rather than a wish or a condition contrary to fact is NOT subjunctive:• If it is cold tomorrow, we’ll cancel the
picnic.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
They were finished eating their dinner by nine o’clock.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
After Marsh’s class, we began reflecting upon why he likes grammar so much.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
When Jeff awoke in the morning, to his dismay, the donuts were gone.
Unit #2: Everything You Wanted To Know
About Verbs But Were Afraid To Ask
Chapter 3:The Logic of the Seemingly
Illogical English Verb
The Five Verb Forms • base form (present tense): Laugh, eat • - s form (present, 3rd person, singular):
laughs, eats• - ed form (past tense): laughed, ate • - ing form (present participle): laughing,
eating• - en form (past participle): laughed, eaten
Auxiliary-Verb Combinations• Auxiliaries: helping verbs• The grammar teacher has eaten the
donuts as bribery. • The cholesterol will be clogging his
arteries.
Verb-Expansion Rule:
Predicating Verb
Auxiliary Main Verb
T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or Past
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Modals affect mood: Indicative, Conditional, and Subjunctive,
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I should have hidden the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I should have been hiding the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Ex: I will now be hiding the gravy from you.
Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,
Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to
Now let’s practice some more, Daquan.
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
• past + be + -ing + cry
Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)
• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)
• past + take• took (Simple Past)
• past + be + -ing + cry•was crying (Past Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want
Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)
• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)
• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want• have been wanting
(Present Perfect Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
• pres + will + have + -en + know
Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting
(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)
• pres + will + have + -en + know•will have known (Future Perfect)
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
PASSIVE Only one fatality was suffered by
VOICE visitors to amusement parks that year.
That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.
Active & Passive Voice
Read and compare the following sentences:
PASSIVE Only one fatality was suffered by
VOICE visitors to amusement parks that year.
ACTIVE That year visitors to amusement
VOICE parks suffered only one fatality.
Passive Voice
Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.
The subject RECEIVES the action.
Active Voice
That year visitors to amusement parks suffered only one fatality.
The subject PERFORMS the action.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
1. Circus midgets attacked us.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
2. The truth was known around the school about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.1. Circus midgets
attacked us.
Passive Voice Active Voice
1. We were attacked by circus midgets.
2. The truth was known around the school about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.1. Circus midgets
attacked us.
2. Everyone around the school knew the truth about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Estelle and Buster rode the first roller coaster car.
Use Transitive Verbs
Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.
Estelle and Buster rode the first roller coaster car.
Verb Expansion Rule: Active VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern VII:
Mr. Cantrell uncomfortably caressed the Van Gogh canvas at the museum.
Passive Pattern VII:
The Van Gogh canvas at the museum was uncomfortably caressed by Mr. Cantrell.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern VIII:
The school nurse gave Mr. Dougherty a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink.
Passive Pattern VIII:
Mr. Dougherty was given a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink by the school nurse.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Passive Pattern VIII:
Mr. Dougherty was given a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink by the school nurse.
Passive Pattern VIII (option 2):
A good scolding was given by the school nurse to Mr. Dougherty for his oppressive elbow stink.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern IX:
We painted our faces green for St. Patrick’s Day.
Passive Pattern IX:
Our faces were painted green for St. Patrick’s Day.
Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV
Active Pattern X:
We found Mr. Shockey’s quizzes to be a joke.
Passive Pattern X:
Mr. Shockey’s quizzes were found to be a joke (by us).
Modals affect mood:• Indicative: fact or a question about a fact– We will go soon.– When will you be leaving?
Modals affect mood:• Conditional: – Probability (I may eat)– Possibility (I could eat)– Obligation (I should eat)– Necessity (I must eat)
Modals affect mood:• Subjunctive: does not involve modal
auxiliaries• In that clauses after verbs conveying a
strong suggestion or recommendation, we use the base form of the verb:– We suggested that Madi go with us.– Sarah insisted that Ben consult the
doctor.–I move that the meeting be adjourned.
Modals affect mood:• In IF clauses that express a wish or a
condition contrary to fact, we use were as the standard form of be, no matter what the subject:• If I were a rich man, . . . • If I were you, I’d be careful.• If Mackenzie weren’t so lazy, she’d
probably be a millionaire.
Modals affect mood:• If clauses that discuss a possible
condition rather than a wish or a condition contrary to fact is NOT subjunctive:• If it is cold tomorrow, we’ll cancel the
picnic.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
They were finished eating their dinner by nine o’clock.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
After Marsh’s class, we began reflecting upon why he likes grammar so much.
Exceptions & Problem Verbs:
Let’s dissect the following verb string:
When Jeff awoke in the morning, to his dismay, the donuts were gone.
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