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Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
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BENIN
NIGERIA
CHAD
NIGER
NIGERIA
CAMEROON
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
SAO TOME AND
PRINCIPE
CENTRALAFRICAN REPUBLIC
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SAO TOME LIBREVILLE
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20°E 30°E 50°E
10°N
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20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E
SOMALIA
KENYA
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UNITED REPUBLICOF TANZANIA
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0 200 400 km
10°N
20°N
70°E 80°E
70°E 80°E
90°E
INDIA
SRI LANKA
MALDIVES
BANGLADESH
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140°E130°E
150°E140°E130°E120°E
20°S 20°S
30°S 30°S
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PAPUA NEW GUINEA
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Central Mexico MapGUATEMALA
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Puebla Mazatec
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Southern Chocho
Sierra Popoluca
Tecóatl Mazatec
Lowland Mazatec
LowlandChontal
Isthmus Náhuatl
Eastern Popoloc
Coastal Chontal
Central Popoloc
Ayautla Mazatec
Northern Popoloc
Mazatlán Mazatec
Eastern Tlapanec
Eastern Cuicatec
CentralTlapanec
Central Cuicatec
Zapotec of Petapa
Southern Tlapanec
Northern Tlapanec
Zapotec ofMixtepe
Soyaltepec Mazatec
Chilchotla Mazatec
Ocopetatillo Mazatec
Mixtec of Zapotitlán
Mixtec of Tlaltempan
Chatino ofZacatepec
Northwestern Tlapanec
MalinaltepecTlapanec
San Mateo delMar Huave
Valle Nacional Chinantec
Mixtec of San Pedro Tidaá
San Dionisio delMar Huave
San Franciscodel Mar Huave
Zapotec of theValleys, west
Zapotec of the Valleys north
Mixtec of Villade Tututepec
Mixtec of San Miguel Piedras
Zapotec ofZimatlán de
ÁlvarezMixtec of SantaCruz Itundujia
Zapotec of theValleys, central
Zapotec of San Felipe Tejalapan
Zapotec of San Bartolo Yautepec
Chatino of thewestern lowlands
Mixtec of the northeast lowlands
Mixtec of Santa Inés de Zaragoza
Mixtec of the southwest of Puebla
Mixtec of the Puebla-Oaxaca border
Zapotec of theSouthern mountains,
northeast
Zapotec of theSouthern mountains,
eastern lowlands
Zapotec of the Southernmountains,
northwest lowlands
OlultecanIxcatlán Mazatec
Highland Mazatec
HighlandChontal
Acatepec Mazatec
Northern Cuicatec
Huehuetlán Mazatec
EloxochitlánMazatec
Chiquihuitlán Mazatec
HigherReservoirMazatec
Santa Maríadel Mar Huave
Mixtec of thecentral Ravine
Zapotec ofSan Antonino
el Alto
Zapotec ofAsunciónTlacolulita
Zapotec of the Valleys, middle northwest
M E X I C O
Paci�c Ocean
Gulf of Mexico
Salina Cruz
Coatzacoalcos
Orizaba
Oaxaca
0 100 200 km
30°N 30°N
80°E70°E
80°E70°E
CHINA
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
INDIA
INDIA
TAJIKISTAN
NEPAL
KYRGYZSTAN
UZBEKISTANTURKMENISTAN
ISLAMABAD
DUSHANBE
NEW DELHI
Srinagar
Faisalabad
Multan
Gujranwala
Kandahar
Mazar-e Sharif
Termez
Qarshi
Fayzabad
KurganTepe
Garm
Khorog
Murghab
Kashgar
Hotan
Amritsar
Yarkand
Lahore
Ghazni
Quetta
Samarquand
Amu Darya
Indu
s
Indus
Ganges
Brahmaputra
Kashmir
and
Jammu
AksaiChin
SiachenGlacier
Seke
Savi
Kham
Wakhi
Tinan
Raute
Parya
Padri
Nupri
Munji
Kului
Kaike
Gowro
Bunan
Yidgha
Ushojo
Tolcha
Tirahi
Ormuri Kangdi
Dol-poBrahui
Bateri
’Narpa
Thakali
ShughniRushani
Pashayi
Parachi
Mahasui
Ladakhi
Kumaoni
Khasali
Kanashi
Handuri
Churahi
Bhalesi
Bangani
Baghati
Yaghnobi
Sirmaudi
Sarikoli
Roshorvi
Kinnauri
GarhwaliJaunsari
Brokshat
Yazgulami
Sanglechi
Bharmauri
Ishkashimi
Kundal ShahiWotapuri-Katarqalai
Central Asian Arabic
Rangkas
Manchad
Pangvali
Mandeali
GyasumdoGyasumdo
Chilisso
Bartangi
Ningalami
Chambeali
Gawar-Bati
Bhadravahi
’Nyishangba
’LokeTibetan
Tsum
KatiMaiya
Darma
Rongpo
Prasun
Ashkun
Waigali
Domaaki
Byangsi
Jangshung
Burushaski
LimirongTibetan
Torwali
Gambiri
Chantyal
Shumashti
Bashkarik
DameliPhaluraKalasha
Khowar
0 100 200 km
30°N 30°N
80°E70°E
70°E
CHINA
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
INDIA
INDIA
TAJIKISTAN
NEPAL
KYRGYZSTAN
UZBEKISTANTURKMENISTAN
KABUL
ISLAMABAD
DUSHANBE
Faisalabad
Multan
Gujranwala
Kandahar
Mazar-e Sharif
Termez
Qarshi
Fayzabad
KurganTepe
Garm
Khorog
Murghab
Kashgar
Hotan
Yarkand
Lahore
Kunduz
Ghazni
Quetta
Samarquand
Amu Darya
Indu
s
Indus
Ganges
Brahmaputra
Kashmir
and
Jammu AksaiChin
SiachenGlacier
Seke
Savi
Kham
Wakhi
Tinan
Raute
Parya
Padri
Nupri
Munji
Kului
Kaike
Gowro
Bunan
Yidgha
Ushojo
Tolcha
Tirahi
Ormuri Kangdi
Dol-poBrahui
Bateri
’Narpa
Thakali
ShughniRushani
Pashayi
Parachi
Mahasui
Ladakhi
Kumaoni
Khasali
Kanashi
Handuri
Churahi
Bhalesi
Bangani
Baghati
Yaghnobi
Sirmaudi
Sarikoli
Roshorvi
Kinnauri
GarhwaliJaunsari
Brokshat
Yazgulami
Sanglechi
Bharmauri
Ishkashimi
Kundal ShahiWotapuri-Katarqalai
Central Asian Arabic
Rangkas
Manchad
Pangvali
Mandeali
GyasumdoGyasumdo
Chilisso
Bartangi
Ningalami
Chambeali
Gawar-Bati
Bhadravahi
’Nyishangba
’LokeTibetan
Tsum
KatiMaiya
Darma
Rongpo
Prasun
Ashkun
Waigali
Domaaki
Byangsi
Jangshung
Burushaski
LimirongTibetan
Torwali
Gambiri
Chantyal
Shumashti
Bashkarik
DameliPhaluraKalasha
Khowar
Rājbirāj
Birātnagar
Ilām
Xigazê
Lhasa
Bhairawa
Kānpur
Benares
Jabalpur
Patna
Rājshāhi
Rangpur
Agartala Aizawl
Shillong
Dispur
Lucknow
Dhangadhi
Dadeldhurā
KĀTHMĀNDU THIMPU
DHAKA
BHUTAN
BANGLADESH
CHINA
CHINA
INDIA
MYANMAR
NEPAL
Brahmaputra
Brahmaputra
Ganges
Ganges
Gandak
Kosi
Meg
hna
Chauka
Son
Irra
wadd
y
Chinese Line
Indian L
ine
Na
Ao
Mra
Mao
Kom
Idu
Aka
Adi
Zeme
Tsum
Toto
Tiwa
Simi
Seke
Ruga
Raji
Phom
Pasi
Miji
Mech
Mara
Koch
Kham
Kadu
Hmar
Hayu
GaloDura
Bori
Bodo
Ahom
Thado
Tarao
Taman
Tagin
Satar
Raute
Rabha
Purum
Paite
Padam
Nupri
Nocte
Tangsa
Newar
Moyon
Maram
Malto
Malin
Majhi
Magar
Lakha
Khowa
Kheza
Kheng
Khasi
Karbi
Kaike
Kabui
Lhota
Ghale
Ganan
Dzala
Deori
Darma
Darai
Dakpa
Chang
Chali
Bokar
Biete
Aiton
Aimol
Wancho
Tolcha
Tangam
Tamang
Sulung
Rengma
Nyishi
Mising
Milang
Maring
LhokpuLepcha
KurtöpKumale
Konyak
Khamba
Gurung
Dol-po
Dimasa
Dhimal
Chokri
Chawte
Bangni
Angika
Angami
A'tong
’Narpa
Thakali
Sangtam
Pochuri
Lamgang
Kusunda
Kumaoni
Khoirao
Kachari
Gongduk
Chepang
Chairel
Byangsi
Brokkat
Apatani
Tshangla
Tangkhul
TaiRong
Nupbikha
Kokborok
Liangmai
Gyasumdo
Dzongkha
Chantyal
’Nyenkha TaiPhake
Khiamngan
Hrangkhol
Hill Miri
Nruanghmei
MotuoMenba
Kurux
KhaccadBhode
BlackMountain
LimirongTibetan
Kurux
BishnupriyaManipuri Creole
Anal
Baram
Andro
Mzieme
Lishpa
Gangte
BrokpaThangmi
Taruang
Sengmai
Rangkas
Minyong
Meithei
TaiNora
Langrong
Kolhreng
Bumthang
Yimchungru
Sherdukpen
CuonaMenba
’Nyishangba
’LokeTibetan
Cho-ca-nga-ca-kha
’Langthang Tibetan
Sam
Puma
KohiDumiJero
Surel
Limbu
Jirel Yamphu
Yakkha
Tilung
Sunwar
Sherpa
Kulung
Kagate
Wambule
Danuwar Chiling
Bahing
Thulung
Sampang
Khaling
Bantawa
Lohorung
Mewahang
Dungmali
Chintang
Chamling
ShingsabaNachiring
Athpahariya
Ha-lungTibetan
NEPAL
CHINA
Belém
CARACAS PORT OF SPAIN
BOGOTA
PANAMACITY
QUITO
GEORGETOWN
PARAMARIBO
Medellin
Cayenne
BRAZIL
PERU
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAMEFrenchGuiana
PANAMA
Paci�c
Ocean
North
Atlantic
Ocean
Caribbean
Sea
NetherlandsAntillesAruba
TRINIDAD ANDTOBAGO
GRENADABARBADOS
ST. VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES
ST. LUCIA
Martinique
DOMINICA
Guadeloupe
Añu
Cuna
Cuna
Inga
Zo'é
Bora
Páez
Máku
Sapé
Pume
Mako
Hodi
Barí
Jitnu
Nukak
Warao
Yagua
Nadëb
Yameo
Pijao
Camsá
Yukpa
Wanai
Uruak
Cuiba
Kogui
Tetete
Totoró
Apalai
NonuyaYucuna
Taruma
Panare
Pémono
Damana
Wajãpi
Anambé
Ticuna
Orejón
Wampis
Awajun
Iquito
Baniva
Zaparo
Andoke
Achuar
Tunebo
Sáliba
Aruaco
Muinane
Akuriyo
Shiwiar
Apurinã
Yanomám
Yanomám
Kaixána
Arapáso
Amanayé
Awa'pit
Urarina
JeberoCocama-Cocamilla
Munichi
Arabela
Tinigua
Puinave
PiapokoSikuani
Guajiro
Chimila
Achagua
Carabayo
Cabiyarí
Pisamira
Taushiro
Candoshi
Yawarana
Tsa'�ki
Koreguaje
Macaguaje
Sikïiyana
Sia Pedee
Waotededo
Vacacocha
Guambiano
Cha'palaa
Émérillon
Opon-Carare
Andoa
Andoa
Island Carib
Trio
Trio
Shuarchicham
Mirití Tapuia
Baré
Pemon
Ninam
Yuhup
Gavião do Pará
Quichuaof Loja
Sanema
Palenque Creole
Embera
Miraña
Omagua
Galibi Marworno
Wayana
Wayana
Quichuaof Napo
Waiwai
Lokono
Palikur
Cubeo
Macushi Macushi
Waunana
Huitoto
Yecuana
Piaroa
Mawayana
Ninam
Pemon
Lokono
Oayana
Embera
Quichua ofPastaza
Waunana
Wapishana
Carapana
Yecuana
Kari'ña
Quichua of Salasaca
Berbice DutchCreole
Yanomami
Palikur
Nheengatu/Yeral
Kari'ña
Kurripako
Resígaro
Carijona
Guayabero
Chamicuro
Awa Cuaiquer
Ocaina
Omagua
Tanimuca-Letuama
Desano
Akawaio
Kari'ña
Kari'ña
Ocaina
Miraña
YurutíWaiwai
Karipuna do
Amapá
Mawayana
Carapana
PatamonaPatamona
Siriano
SanemaPiaroa
Katxuyana-Xikuyána
Quichua ofImbabura
Warekena
Huitoto
Siona/Secoya
Siona/Secoya
Cocama-Cocamilla
A'ingae/Cofan
Quichua ofCañar & Azuay
Wanano/Kotiria
Akawaio
Quechuaof PeruvianAmazonia
Quichua ofCotopaxi,
Tungurahua andChimborazo
Desano
Tatuyo
Tuyuca
Hupda
Barasana
Baníwa doIçana
Bara
Macuna
TucanoPiratapuya
Piratapuya
Nheengatu/Yeral
Cacua
Tariana
Barasana
WarekenaKurripako
DâwBara
CubeoMacuna
Tariana
SirianoWanano/Kotiria
Tuyuca
Baré
Tucano
YurutíBRAZIL
COLOMBIA VEN.
Hupda
Seneca
CayugaMunseePotawatomi
OttawaOneida
TuscaroraOnondaga
Mohawk
CANADA
U. S. A.
Uru
Mojo
Myky
Torá
Jorá
Dení
Zoró
Karo
Yine
Yuki
Leco
Juma
Baure
Matís
Urupá
Yameo
Nanti
Kwazá
Culle
Aikana
Tacana
Nukiní
Iranxe
Pirahã
Pareci
Marúbo
Korúbo
Araona
Ayoreo
TupariSabanê
Paiter Apiaká
Aymara
Awajun
Movima
Jebero
Jaqaru
Panobo
Diahói
Cholon
Paunaca
Chácobo
Apurinã
Sirionó
Suruahá
Paumarí
UmutinaChimané
Guarayu
Guarasu
Kanoê
Iñapari
Ese eja
Yanesha
Urarina
Salamãy
Munichi
Mosetén
Mochica
Makurap
Itonama
Chipaya
Akuntsu
Poyanawa
Yawanawá
Cavineña
Reyesano
Tenharim
Jarawára
Jamamadí
Kaxarari
Amahuaca
Yuracaré
Puruborá
Katawixi
Karipuna
Cayuvava
Apolista
Pacahuara
Rikbaksta
Harakmbut
MundurukúShanenawa
Capanahua
Karitiana
Chamicuro
Canichana
Sharanahua
Chayahuita
Sakurabiat
Callahuaya
Parintintin
Kulina Páno
Banawá Ya�
Machiguenga
Cinta Larga
Enawenê-Nawê
Uru-eu-au-au
WankaQuechua
Nomatsiguenga
Culina
Omagua
Shipibo-Conibo
Quichuaof Loja
AráraShawãdáwa
Culina
Mayoruna
Quechua of Cuzco
Ashaninka
Katukina do Acre
Quechua ofYauyos
Katukína-KanamaríMayoruna
Guaraní Boliviano
Cashinahua
Cashibo-Cacataibo
Nambiquarado Sul
YaminahuaMachineri
Ashaninka
Gavião de Rondônia
Chiquitano
MachineriQuechua ofPacaraos
Cashinahua
Nambiquarado Norte
Quechua ofAyacucho
Quechua ofCajamarca
Chiquitano
Quechua ofSan Martín
Quechua ofChachapoyas
Cocama-Cocamilla
Quechua of NorthernBolivia
Quechua of Southern Bolivia
Quechua of Ancashand Huánuco
Quechua of Cajatambo,Pasco and
northern Junín
CaquinteCampa
Yaminahua
BRAZIL
PERU
BOLIVIA
PARAGUAY
Pucallpa
Ica
Trinidad
Sucre
Porto Velho
LIMA
Trujillo
LA PAZ
Paci�c
Ocean
Paraguay
Mad
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iver
Tapajó
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Purus
Ucayali
Moré
Wari
Aruá
Oro Win
AjuruKujubim
BRAZIL
ArikapuBOLIVIA
Djeoromitxi
Wauja
Yudja
Matipu
Ikpeng
Kayabi
TrumaiNahukwa
Kisêdjê
Kuikuro
Kamaiurá
Mehináku
Tapayuna
YawalapitiAweti
Kalapalo
SOLOMON
ISLANDS
PAPUA NEW
GUINEA
INDONESIA
AUSTRALIA
New Ireland
New Britain
Manus Island
Irian
Jaya
Arawa
DaruPORT
MORESBY
Banda Sea
Arafura Sea
Gulf of
PapuaTorres Strait
Bismarck Sea
Solomon Sea
Coral
Sea
Paci�c
Ocean
Timor Sea
SeramIsland
Waigeo
Kai
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As
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MusomDuwet
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Loun
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Laua
Magori
Bina
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Kaiy
Liki
ItikHoti
Gebe
Foya
Fayu
Dubu
Biak
Awyi
Auye
Woria
Vehes
Tause
TaiapSepa
Sobei
Sause
Tench
Laxudumau
Kuot
Salas
Piame
Pauwi
Narau
Musan
Mapia
Keder
Karas
Iteri
Gorap
Faita
Dumun
Dorro
Mari
Damal
Dabra
Awera
Alune
Ainba
TurakaAnuki Doga
Onjab
Yarawi
GrassKoiari
Mulaha
Koitabu
Kaki Ae
Numbani
Bosilewa
Budibud
Mwatebu
Garuwahi
Tobian
Tobati PuariSera
Sissano
Tarpia
Tandia
Serili
Senggi
Saponi
Momuna
MassepMansim
Mander
Kowiai Kembra
Kamasa
DengaluSusuami
Piu
Kalamo
Iresim
Hermit Nauna
Mussau-EmiraKaniet
Likum
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Dusner
Doutai
BurateBonggo
Bikaru
Arguni
Amahai
Yapunda BukiyipKaiep
Murik
KaningaraYimas
BumbitaArapesh
Sissano
Saparua
Moraori
Bothar
Mindiri
Koneraw
Kawucha
Uhunduni
Makolkol
SengsengKarore
Getmata
Legenyem
Emplawas
Nusa Laut
GuranalumKandas
Taulil
Meriam Mir
Duriankere
Kalaw Lagaw Ya
Nila
Te'un
Anus
Kofei
Taikat
Kwansu
Kapori
Hulung
Demisa
ArawunTofanma
Taworta
Paulohi
Maremgi
Kwerisa
Kaibobo
Isirawa
Bonerif
Benggoi
Sumariup
Naka'ela
Kamarian
Bedoanas
Obokuitai
Kayupulau
Erokwanas
Nila
Te'un
MoereMawak
Samosa
MosimoYarawata
Kowaki
Bagupi
Bepour
Bilakura
0 250 500 km100°E 110°E 120°E
100°E 110°E 120°E
0°
10°S 10°S
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
THAILAND
BRUNEIPHILIPPINES
TIMOR-LESTE
SINGAPORE
DILI
KUALALUMPUR
SINGAPORE
JAKARTA
BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN
Denpasar
Yogyakarta
Banjarmasin
Makassar
Kendari
Palu
Manado
Samarinda
Kota Kinabalu
Kuching
Zamboanga
Davao
Pontianak
BandungSurabaya
Palembang
Medan
Bengkulu
Rengat
Padang
Banda Aceh
Phuket
KotaBaharu
Timor
Borneo
Moluccas
Sumatra
Kalimantan
Java
Sulawesi
Mindanao
Bali
Madura
Billiton
PulauNias
NicobarIslands(India)
PulauSiberut
Christmas Island (Aus.)
Lombok
Sumba
Buru
Sumbawa
Indian
Ocean
South
China
Sea
Timor Sea
Banda Sea
Molucca Sea
Celebes Sea
Sulu Sea
Java Sea
Mak
assa
rSt
rait
Strait of Malacca
Lom
Kao
Ibu
Wotu
Waru
Taje
Taba
Sian
Seru
Piru
Napu
Habu
Tialo
Tajio
Semai
Padoe
Maniq
Lolak
Lauje
Lanoh
Kalao
Kadai
Dondo
Jahai
Dakka
Busoa
Boano
BesoaBarasAndio
Adabe
Totoli
Taloki
Temuan
Temiar
Palu'e
Oirata
Pendau
Naueti
Lisela
Kentak
Kensiw
Kensiw
Kayeli
Helong
Aputai
Tobada'
Talondo
Semelai
Moksela
Lengilu
Laiyolo
Kodeoha
KenaboiKanowit
Liliali
Enggano
Tomadino
Panasuan
Mah Meri
Kristang
Bahonsuai
Semaq Beri
Punan Batu
OrangHulu
OrangKanaq
Abai Sungai
Peco' creole
PataniMalay
OrangSeletar
Kairui-Midiki
Budong-Budong
Javindo creole
KahumamahonSaluan
Urak Lawoi
Batek
Maku'a
Koroni
Menri'
Dampal
Waima'a
Toratán
Kaibobo
Jah Hut
RahambuuPalumata
Lemolang Hukumina
Dampelas
CheWong
Tombelala
Baleasang
Ampibabo Lauje
South India Map
Ura
Ske
Ifo
Tape
Sowa
Emae
Baki
Aore
Nivat Naman
NaatiLabo
Mores Mafea
Araki Tutuba
Nisvai
BieriaNavwien
Maragus
Bierebo
Amblong
Tolomako
Matanvat
Malmariv
Repanbitip
; NiviarBangsa
AveteianNasarian
Tambolato
Sorsorian
Shark Bay
Polonomombauk
Lorediakarkar
Dorig
KoroOlrat
Lakon
New
Caledonia
VANUATU
Pije
Tiri
Nemi
Neku
Jawe
Fwâi
Caac
Arho
ArhaOrowe
Kumak
Sishee
Pwapwa
Drubea
Pwaamèi
Xaragure
Voh-Koné dialects
Fagauvea
Fagauvea
NewCaledonia
1
1
2
8
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
Pu
Yug
Yaw
Ura
Soo
Soi
She
Pyu
Ona
Mru
Lom
Laz
Kui
Kua
Kim
Sei
Ket
Kao
IfoEmae
Ibu
Hiw
Gao
Ega
Bom
Ata
Añu
Zuni
Yola
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Tembé
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Sened
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Scots
Santa
Salar
Rusyn
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MwesenLehali
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Naiki
Mulao
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Maori
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Löyöp
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Lipan
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Javaé
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Hoava
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Gallo
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Choyi
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Bwisi
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Bonan
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BengaBeeke
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Batak
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Yurats
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Ts'ixa
Torlak
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TemuanTemiar
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Tagish
Stoney
Senaya
Sekani
Segeju
Sawkna
Romani
Razihi
Pilagá
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Panará
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Mawé
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Hixkaryána
Waimiri-Atroari
Sarcee
Palu'e
Paloor
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Parachi
OngamoOmotik
Ojibwe
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Norman
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Niuean
Nihali
Ngarla
Ngardi
Nemadi
Nayini
Navajo
Naueti
Namuyi
TaluMiqie
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Nahali
Nafusi
Moksha
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Manjui
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Lisela
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Dogrib
Dhurga
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Danisi
Damana
Dakota
Dahalo
Coptic
Bunuba
Bungee
Breton
Brahui
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Itelmen
Gitksan
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Cornish
Chuvash
Chukchi
Chipaya
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Catawba
Carrier
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Budibud
Bong'om
Bathari
Bassari
Bashkir
Banjima
Bakairi
Asumboa
Arikara
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Asurinido Xingu
Alabama
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Yaghnobi
Xakriabá
Wunambal
Worrorra
Woleaian
Warlpiri
Ulithian
Tuvaluan
Tsetsaut
TrukhmenTöitschu
Thompson
Taznatit
Tayurayt
Tasnusit
Tapirapé
Tamzabit
Tacenwit
Squamish
Sonsorol
Siglitun
Sicilian
Sanapaná
QuinaultQuileute
Qawasqar
Polesian
Papapana
Tidikelt
Saulteau
Sauk-Fox
Sarikoli
Palumata
Okinawan
Okanagan
Oji-Cree
Nooksack
Ngarluma
Nganasan
Mudburra
Mokilese
Mikasuki
Maxakali
Maricopa
Manihiki
Mangarla
Malecite
Makolkol
Mahongwe
Mah Meri
Livonian
Limousin
Lamongse
Kuurinji
Kurmanji
Kunigami
Kristang
Kosraean
Korandje
Lillooet
Ligurian
Li-Ngbee
Kazukuru
Katabaga
Karagash
Kalispel
MakahHalkomelemStraits Salish
Kaingang
Khunsari
Ili Turk
Hukumina
Hualapai
Hértevin
Heiltsuk
Hawaiian
Guliguli
Guichong
Dharawal
Ghadames
Dahaalik
Corsican
Chamorro
Bukharic
Bavarian
Ashtiani
Arrernte
Arbanasi
BartangiYazgulami
Wiradjuri
Warumungu
Võro-Seto
UmeSaami
Tuamotuan
Tsimshian
Tsakonian
Tokelauan
Tharkarri
Thaayorre
Tetserret
Ter Saami
Tehuelche
Tchumbuli
Tanacross
Sentilese
Pukapukan
Provençal
Pentlatch
Sassarese
Ngarinyin Ngarinman
Namonuito
Miriwoong
Paakantyi
Menominee
Mangareva
LowSaxon
Laxudumau
Latgalian
Kwak'wala
Koko Bera
Kinikinau
Kayardild
Kashubian
Karajarri
Imeraguen
Huilliche
Havasupai
Guranalum
Guajajara
Gallurese
Dungidjau
Columbian
Chilcotin
Chamacoco
Auvergnat
Aurê-Aurá
Atikamekw
Atacameño
Aromanian
Aragonese
Bashkardi
Alemannic
//Ku //'e
Yurt Tatar
Yir Yoront
YazvaKomi
WoodsCree
Wangkumara
Walmajarri
Vilamovian
Ute
Ute Ute
Tchitchege
Tagargrent
Slovincian
Semaq Beri
Rarotongan
PunanBatu
PiteSaami
Orang Hulu
Olonetsian
Moose Cree
Mingrelian
LuleSaami
Logudorese
Kuuku Ya'u
Mebengokre
KemiSaami
KamasTurk
Holikachuk
Gamilaraay
Faire Atta
Gooniyandi
Chemehuevi
Champenois Burgundian
Bundjalung
Belarusian
Baga Kalem
Badiaranke
AqawGelao
WikNgathan
WikMungkan
Toba-Maskoy
SwampyCree
SouthSaami
SkoltSaami
Shira Yugur
PlainsCree
Pingelapese
Piedmontese
Saterlandic
Saryg Yugur
Orang Kanaq
Omaha-Ponca
Old Sirenik
Nyangumarta
NorthSaami
Mortlockese
Martuwangka
Lushootseed
Klallam
Northern StraitsSalish
Isarog Agta
Inuinnaqtun
InariSaami
Gününa Küne
GrosVentre
Dalecarlian
ChulymTurk
Campidanese
BellaCoola
Bataan Ayta
Baga Sitemu
Ava-Guaraní
Antakirinya
AbaiSungai
WesternMari
WestFrisian
WestFlemish
Wangaaybuwan
UplandYuman
TundraEnets
South Slavey
SouthJutish
Pontic Greek
Plautdietsch
Peco' creole
Patani Malay
OngkorSolon
North Slavey
Nivkh
Ngaatjatjara
Luxemburgian
Languedocian
Kuku Yalanji
KildinSaami
Island Carib
Han
Han
Gumbaynggirr
ForestEnets
EasternMari
Dicamay Agta
Dagur
BarabaTatar
Baga Mboteni
Baga Manduri
Ava-Canoeiro
AkkalaSaami
Acoma-Laguna
WikNgencherr
WesternMansi
TundraNenets
Takahanyilang
Southern Ayta
SouthItalian
Orang Seletar
Northern Alta
North Frisian
Ngaanyatjarra
Minhe Monguor
Manchu
Kairui-Midiki
Jersey French
Franc-Comtois
ForestNenets
EasternMansi
Dagur
Cape Khoekhoe
Adnyamathanha
Yaqui
WesternApache
Ubykh
TundraYukagir
Tewa
Southern Tujia
SouthernMansi
Southern Haida
SouthernAltay
SinkiangDagur
SiberianTatar
RiverGuarijío
Pitjantjatjara
NorthernTujia
NorthernMansi
Northern Haida
NorthernAltay
Nogay
Mt. Iraya Agta
MontanaSalish
Mlahso
Manchu
Kivallirmiutut
Kapingamarangi
Kaiowá Guarani
Kabard-Cherkes
Khorasani Turk
Javindo creole
Hulaula
Gaviãodo Pará
Gallo-Sicilian
ForestYukagir
Even
EasternSlovak
EasternOjibwe
EasternKhanty
DupaninanAgta
Dagur
CypriotArabic
Comox/Sliammon
CentralSelkup
CentralOjibwe
Alabugat Tatar
Aivilingmiutut
Yankunytjatjara
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UpperKuskokwim
Tamahaq
SouthernSelkup
SouthernPaiute
SouthernKhanty
Scottish Gaelic
Nunavimmiutitut
NorthernSelkup
NorthernKhanty
Nogay
Natsilingmiutut
Ñandeva Guarani
MoliseCroatian
Mlahso
PalenqueCreole
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Mapuche
ManchurianÖlöt
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Karelian
Karaim
Karachay-Balkar
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Guernsey French
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Franco-provençal
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EasternAbenaki
EastFranconian
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CrimeanTurkish
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Aleut
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Ainu
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Yiddish
West Greenlandic
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Shoshoni
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Sak
Sak
Tlingit
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Nivkh
Megleno-Romanian
Kickapoo
KanelaApaniekra
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KhamniganMongol
Griko
Emilian-Romagnol
East Greenlandic
CsángóHungarian
Cor�otItalkian
Cocopa
Cocopa
Austral dialects
Asturia-Leonese
AlpineProvençal
Tamazight
Tamahaq
SouthernTutchone
SonoraLowerPima
Rigolet Inuktitut
Oneida
Nunatsiavummiutut
Northern Tutchone
North Greenlandic
Ottawa
Kickapoo
Kickapoo
Karelian
Gwich'in
GuaraníBoliviano
Evenki
Even
EasternKamchadal
ChoroteIyojwa'ja
ArvaniteAlbanian
Arapaho
AlghereseCatalan
WesternTarahumara
WesternMontagnais
SouthernKamchadal
Southern EastCree
Rio Grande Keresan
RhenishFranconian
Oneida
Northern EastCree
NorthernAlgonquin
Paci�c GulfYupik
MariupolitanGreekManiwaki
Algonquin ManchurianKirghiz
Karelian
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Karaim
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EasternMontagnais
Cheyenne
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WesternNeo-Aramaic
TransylvanianSaxon
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Tamazight
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Mohawk
Mohawk
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Limburgian-Ripuarian
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ChihuahuaLower Pima
Central CagayanAgta
Central AsianArabic
Camarines Norte Agta
Assiniboine
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Potawatomi Poitevin-Saintongeais
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Tamazight
Qikiqtaalukuannangani
Potawatomi
NgatikeseMen's Creole
Micmac
Maliseet-Passamaquoddy
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Judeo-Berber
Huron-Wyandot
Gagauz
CrimeanTatar
Zenaga
SoutheasternTarahumara
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NorthernPaiute
Mbya Guarani
Crimean Tatar
WesternAbenaki
WesternAbenaki
WesternArmenian
Tamazight
Evenki
Evenki
Cherokee
Norfolk-Pitcairn
CappadocianGreek
CappadocianGreek
Norfolk-Pitcairn
Southern Tiwa WesternArmenian
Quechua ofSantiagodel Estero
North AlaskanInupiaq
TunisianJudeo-Arabic
MoroccanJudeo-Arabic
SenecaMunsee
Mbya Guarani
CentralSiberian
Yupik
Barzani JewishNeo-Aramaic
Tlingit
Aleut
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Gwich'in
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Central AlaskanYupik
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Seward PeninsulaInupiaq
Seward PeninsulaInupiaq
Mescalero-ChiricahuaApache
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Menri'
Badaga
Khampti
Bellari
Tangwang
Roshorvi
Che Wong
Tanimbili
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Ganggalidda
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KanelaRankokamekra
Yaqui
Indian
Ocean
Java Sea
Sulu Sea
South
China
Sea
EastChina
Sea
Seaof
Japan
Seaof
Okhotsk
YellowSea
Gulfof
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Bay ofBengal
PhilippineSea
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Taiwan
Strait
AndamanSea
CaspianSea
PersianGulf
Gulf of Oman
RedSea
Gulf of Aden
MozambiqueChannel
Cape of Good Hope
LakeVictoria
BlackSea
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NorthSea
BarentsSea
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A r c t i c O c e a n
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JAPANREPUBLICOF KOREA
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF KOREA
UNESCO Map of the World’s
Languages in Danger
UNESCO Map of the World’s
Languages in Danger
The world’s diverse languages allow people to live together and to express their ideas, emotions, knowledge, memories and values.Languages are also essential to the intangible cultural heritage of individuals and groups. Yet, more than 2400 languages of some6700 languages spoken today are in danger of disappearing.
No single factor can be used alone to assess a language’s vitality, but UNESCO experts haveidentified nine that should be considered together (see the “Language Vitality and Endangerment”report of the UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group on Endangered Languages, 2003, available online).Contributors followed the methodology presented in that report to assess the vitality of thelanguages displayed here.
Language Endangerment
The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries.
Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed uponby India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed uponby the parties.
© UNESCO 2009 - Printed February 2009Ordering and other information: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/
With the support of the Government of Norway
Cartographer: A
lexandre Nicolas
(ww
w.le-cartographe.net)
Editor-in-Chief: Christopher Moseley
This map is based on the 2009 edition of the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, published in print as well asonline (http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages). The Atlas is the result of an international collaboration of morethan thirty linguists from around the world. The digital online edition will be continually enriched by contributions from many otherresearchers and from speakers of endangered languages.
Unsafe De�nitelyendangered
Severelyendangered
Criticallyendangered
Extinct(since the 1950s)
United NationsEducational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
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