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Page 1: ULTRASOUND OF THE ABDOMEN NORMAL ANATOMY

Dr Omair Rauf Consultant Radiologist

Stepping Hill Hospital

ULTRASOUND OF THE ABDOMEN NORMAL ANATOMY

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OBJECTIVE •  BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND SCANNING

•  TO KNOW THE PROS AND CONS OF ULTRASOUND IMAGING.

•  TO BE ABLE TO USE AN ULTRASOUND MACHINE FOR LEARNING ANATOMY

•  IDENTIFY UPPER ABDOMINAL ORGANS ON ULTRASOUND IMAGING.

•  TO BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DOPPLER IMAGING.

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US BENEFITS •  DOES NOT USE ANY IONIZING RADIATION

•  DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IS NON –NVASIVE

•  WIDELY AVAILABLE, EASY TO USE, LESS EXPENSIVE THAN OTHER MODALITIES

•  PORTABLE

•  GIVES A CLEAR PICTURE OF SOFT TISSUE THAT DO NOT SHOW WELL ON RADIOGRAPHS

•  PROVIDES REAL TIME IMAGING

•  GOOD FOR ASPIRATION, BIOPSIES ETC.

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LIMITATIONS OF ULTRASOUND •  ULTRASOUND WAVES ARE DISRUPTED BY AIR OR GAS AND HENCE NOT IDEAL

FOR IMAGING AIR FILLED BOWEL OR ORGANS OBSCURED BY BOWEL GAS.

•  LARGE PATIENTS

•  PAINFUL CONDITIONS/TENDER AREAS

•  BROKEN SKIN

•  OPERATOR DEPENDENT,

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RISKS •  FOR STANDARD DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND

THERE ARE NO KNOWN HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HUMANS.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES •  Ultrasound involves the use of high frequency sound waves transmitted from a probe

placed on a gel covered portion of the body .

•  The transducer both sends and receives sound waves, and the ultrasound machine uses the data collected by the transducer to create an image. Ultrasound transducers are also known as ultrasound probes.

•  The degree of tissue penetration by ultrasound waves depends on their frequency.

•  Lower frequency probes can travel to a greater depth and hence are employed for looking at abdominal organs.

•  High frequency probes have lesser penetration and are used for looking at more superficial structures as well as Doppler imaging.

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DOPPLER ULTRASOUND •  Doppler ultrasound, is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound enhanced by

the Doppler effect. Generally, a Doppler probe uses the principle of the Doppler effect to assess whether something is moving, and to relay the relative speed of movement .Each frequency of the wave appears higher when an object is getting closer to the observer and lower when it is moving away.

•  The information on the Doppler probe can be used to assess how fast something is moving and its direction of travel

•  With the aid of a computer, color Doppler translates Doppler metrics into a range of colors to give a picture of the direction and flow rate of blood through an artery.

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COMMONLY SCANNED ORGANS •  LIVER

•  GALL-BLADDER

•  PANCREAS

•  SPLEEN

•  KIDNEYS

•  BLADDER

•  ABDOMINAL AORTA AND OTHER ABDOMINAL BLOOD VESSELS.

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X-RAY

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CT

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CT

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QUESTIONS ???