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Robert E. Lee Elemen-tary School is officially his-tory inSanDiego.

The San Diego schoolboard voted unanimouslyTuesday night to rebrandthe Paradise Hills campusamid a national movementto strip public venues of

their Confederate monu-ments.

Pacific View LeadershipElementary School will re-place the Civil War generalon the marquee of the 57-year-old campus.

The new and somewhatgeneric name was selectedbystudents—andsupport-ed by teachers and parents

—after a SanDiegoUnifiedSchool District committeerejected their first choices:Lee Elementary, a con-densed version of the origi-nal; FrederickDouglass, af-ter the African-Americanabolitionist; and ArchieBuggs,aslainSanDiegopo-lice officer.

Fifth-grader Stephanie

Broussardhelpedmake thecase forthenewnameatthemeeting.

“From our playgroundwe have a beautiful view ofthe Pacific Ocean—Pacificmeans peaceful, and ourschool is very peaceful andcalm,” she said. “It repre-sentswhoweare.”

NAME OF ROBERT E. LEE ELEMENTARY WILL BE CHANGEDBYMAUREENMAGEE

SEE LEE • A6

In a finding with poten-tially big significance forcombating age-related de-mentias suchasAlzheimer’sdisease, scientistsatUCSanDiegoand the localVeteransAffairs system said routinetests fail to identify a signifi-cant percentage of peoplewith mild impairments inthinking.

The researchers also of-fered hopeful news in theirstudy:Theysaidmoreexten-sive testing with already ex-istingmethodscanspotcog-nitive problems in patientswho were misdiagnosed bythestandardprocedures.

Conventional screeningsmiss7.1percentofthosewithmild cognitive impairment— a risk factor for Alzheim-er’s and other dementias —thestudysaid.

A false-negative diagnos-is means that people whocould benefit from therapymay not be identified early,when treatment has thegreatest chance of success,said UC San Diego’s EmilyEdmonds, an author of thenew study. When combinedwith results from earlier re-search that found false-posi-tive rates above 30 percent,this latest analysis shows agreat need for more precisetesting, shesaid.

Testing inaccuracies alsomean that people chosen forclinical trials of anti-demen-tia drugs may not fit theirpresumed category. This isof great importance in eval-uating drugs for Alzheim-er’s, which has no cure orevena treatment tokeep thedisease from worsening.Some interventions appeartobehelpful in reducingcog-nitive loss fromAlzheimer’s,but they are the most effec-

DEMENTIASIGNSOFTENMISSEDBY TESTSLocal researchers:Cognitive loss canbe better detectedBY BRADLEY J. FIKES

SEE SCREENING • A8

7.1%Conventional screeningsthat miss mild cognitive

impairment

WASHINGTONLeaders of the Republi-

can Party have begun inter-nal deliberations over whatwould be fundamentalchanges to the way its presi-dential nominees are cho-sen, a recognition that thechaotic process that playedout this year is seriouslyflawed and helped exacer-

batetensionswithinthepar-ty.

In a significant shift, Re-publican officials said it nowseemed unlikely that thefour states to vote firstwould all retain their cher-ished place on the electoralcalendar,withNevadaasthemostprobable casualty.

Party leadersareevengo-ing so far as to consider di-luting the traditional status

of Iowa,NewHampshireandSouthCarolina as gatekeep-ers to the presidency. Underone proposal, those stateswould be paired with othersthat vote on the sameday asa way to give more voters ameaningful role much soon-er.

But in amove that wouldsharply limitwhocanpartic-ipate in presidential primar-ies, many party activists are

alsopushing tocloseRepub-lican contests to independ-ent voters, arguing thatopen primaries in somestates allowed DonaldTrump, whose conservativeconvictions they deeplymis-trust, to become the appar-entnominee.

Iowa, New Hampshireand South Carolina are sureto mount fierce resistance A primary voter casts his ballot in New Hampshire, a

state expected to fight the proposed changes.

JEWEL SAMAD GETTY IMAGES

GOP MAY REWORK PRIMARIESReeling from chaos of 2016, Republican leaders consider adopting a major overhaulBY JEREMYW. PETERS

SEE GOP • A9

NORRISTOWN, Pa.Bill Cosby, once synony-

mous with wholesome chil-dren’s dessert commercialsand middle-class family val-ues, sat rubbing his chinthroughhoursofgraphic tes-timony about drugs and sex-ual encounters Tuesday be-fore a judge concluded therewas sufficient evidence for

him to stand trial on chargesofsexualassault.

Itmarkedadramaticturnfor the longtime comedy su-perstar, a crucial step in theonly criminal case to springfrom dozens of accusationsthathaveupendedhis careerandhislegacy.Ifconvictedonthree sex crime counts, Cos-by facesupto10years inpris-on.

“This case will move for-

ward,” Judge ElizabethMcHugh told a crowdedcourtroom at the end of a 3-hour hearing that focused inpart onaccuserAndreaCon-stand’s claim that Cosby in-vited her to his home in 2004andgaveherseveralpillsthatmade her dizzy and almostunable to see before assault-ingher.

ConstandandCosbyhad

COSBY ORDERED TO STAND TRIALIN 2004 SEXUAL ASSAULT CASEBY NOAH BIERMAN

If convicted on three sex crime counts, Bill Cosbyfaces up to 10 years in prison.

GETTY IMAGES

SEE COSBY • A11

UCSanDiego undergraduates voted 6,137 to2,567 tomore than double student athletics feesto fundamove toNCAADivision I in sports.

Now comes the hard part: getting sevenmorevotes.

Thereferendumtoelevate fromDiv. II toDiv. Iwithout football is contingent on an invitationfrom the Big West Conference, which rejectedUCSD’s application in 2010 andaddedHawaii in-

stead.Theconferencehasnineschools—eight inCalifornia plus Hawaii — and requires a super-majority, or seven votes, from its presidents andchancellors to expand.

“I want to emphasize, this is the first step of aprocess,” UCSDAthletic Director Earl EdwardssaidTuesday.

But it was hard to contain the euphoria ofwhat couldbeahistoric vote, the results ofwhichwere unveiled on the patio of a campus pizzeriaand sparked wild celebration among about 100

athletes in attendance. There’s also the blessingof the Faculty Senate and formal approval fromChancellor Pradeep Khosla needed, plus sixyears of transitionmandated by the NCAA, butfor a moment before shuttling off to afternoonclasses, students allowed themselves to dream alittle.

“That’s whatmakes it cool,” said junior Dan-nyGlascock,amidfielderonthesoccer teamwhowas part of a student group that spent this year

UC San Diego athletes celebrate with other undergraduates Tuesday after learning that their referendum to leave Division II athleticcompetition passed. The move to Division I, which awaits other levels of approval, would more than double student athletic fees.

K.C. ALFRED U-T

UCSD students: Yes on Division ILopsided vote to hoist sports programs and athletics fees is a big but early step in processBYMARK ZEIGLER

SEE UCSD • A8

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campaigning forDiv. I. “A lotof people who voted, theywon’t see it. They just did itbecause it’s therightthingtodo.Obviously I’d love to playin theBigWestagainst someof those soccer schools, butI’ll be pumped to come backand see it.

“When I was in highschool or middle school, Iwouldhavewantedsomeonetodo the samething forall ofus. Someone’s got to step upand do it. This is kind of ourbit of history forUCSD.”

Big West CommissionerDennisFarrell has remainednoncommittal on UCSD’sprospects, saying he wouldwait for student approvalfirst and then assemble anexpansion committee to ex-amine themerits of adding a10th member. A conferencevote isn’t expected until lat-er this year, and the fee in-crease wouldn’t begin untilthe fallquarteraftera formalinvitation.

Then the Tritons mustspend two years increasingathletic scholarships to cer-tain minimum levels. Andonly then can they applywith the NCAA and begin afour-year transition period,meaningthey likelywouldn’tbe full-fledged Div. I mem-bers until the 2023-24 aca-demic year.

Forgive the prematurecelebration, then. This wasthe third time UCSD stu-dentshaveheldaDiv. I refer-endum. The previous twofailed, most recently in 2012byamargin of 6,407 to 4,673.

That vote lasted twoweeks and had a 51 percentturnout but came amid UCtuition hikes and a worseeconomy. This referendumwas five weekdays — begin-ning last Tuesday after acomputer glitch pushedback voting a day and ex-tending into Monday night— and only 35 percent of25,173 eligible undergradu-ate cast votes in the onlinesystem.

Nearly70percentsaidyestoDiv. I and theaccompany-ing fee hike (there were 124abstentionsamongthe8,828ballots).

The current Intercolle-giate Athletics (ICA) fee is$129.38 per quarter, or$388.14 per year if you don’tattend summer school. Theincreases will be phased inover three years to $289.38per quarter — or an extra$480per year.Themathoverfour years: $3,472.56.

That is expected to gener-ate an additional $10 millionannually for the athletic de-partment (29 percent of thefee hike goes to university-wide financial aid), doublingits currentbudget tocover in-creases in scholarships, sala-ries and staffing. That alsowould set up a unique finan-cialmodel,withpracticallyallthe budget coming from stu-dent fees—anenormousper-centage inDiv. I.

A half-dozen UCSDteams like water polo and

men’s volleyball alreadycompete at the Div. I level,because there aren’t enoughprograms nationally to cre-ate separate divisions. Therest would gradually rampup with added scholarshipsandtougherschedules inthecoming years.

Without football, men’sbasketball is considered themarquee Div. I sport. It’s al-so the one that might facethe hardest adjustment, es-pecially with Edwards’ in-sistence that the schoolwon’t relax admission stan-dards in any sport.

The Tritons have strug-gled at times to remain com-petitive in men’s basketballat Div. II but appeared toturn a corner last seasonwith limited scholarships,finishing 24-8 and reachingthe Sweet 16 of the NCAATournament with a funda-mental, unselfish style ofplay.But the size andathlet-icismatthenext level isadif-ferent story.

“A huge challenge for us,obviously a big step up,”third-year coach Eric Olensaidashewatchedseveral ofhis players celebrate at thepizzeria. “But this is a differ-ent place. I think when youfind people who value thethings that we do, value theeducation, and find the guyswho want to be here, that’showwe’vehad success.

“WehadsomebighurdlesintheDiv. II level, andwefeellike we’re starting to over-come some of those hurdlesand have some success. Andwe didn’t change the admis-sion standards todo that.”

Edwards also presidedover themove fromDiv. III toDiv. II in the late 1990s, whichwaspunctuatedbyawomen’ssoccer team under longtimecoach Brian McManus thatwon NCAA titles in its finalyear of Div. III and first twoyearsofDiv. II.

“Forme, it’s likewatchingyourchildrengrowupandgoout to be doctors and law-yers, and you play a big partin that,” Edwards said. “Tosee us go fromDiv. III toDiv.II and what that’s done forthe university, I anticipatemoving to Div. I it will beevenmore.…But it’s not likethishappensovernight.Peo-plewill have tobepatient.”

The next step is convinc-ing a nine-member BigWestexpansion committee whenit visits the campus, alongwith aFacultySenate accus-tomed to working at a uni-versitywithoutbig-timeath-letics.

“I would never try tospeak for the Faculty Sen-ate,” Edwards said. “That’spretty much their arena.Like anymajor topic such asathletics, you’ll have peopleon both sides. But I’d like tothink that the Faculty Sen-ate would take into consid-eration that (the vote) wasoverwhelming. You’d like tothink that would have someinfluence.”

mark.zeigler@sduniontribune.com

UCSD • Fee hike would notbegin until after formal inviteFROM A1

tive when given as early aspossible.

The study was publishedMonday in the Journal ofAlzheimer’s Disease; it canbe found at http://j.mp/cog-testing. Edmonds was thefirst author, andMark Bon-di, of UC SanDiego and SanDiego VA Healthcare Sys-tem,was senior author.

Using data from the Alz-heimer’s Disease Neuroi-maging Initiative, the scien-tists compared routinescreenings with more thor-ough and precise thinkingtests. These evaluations ex-amineabilities suchasbeingable to describe the charac-teristics of various animalsor deduce objects depictedby linedrawings.

Alzheimer’s is the best-known example of cognitivedecline. But there are manyother causes of impairedthinking, Edmonds said.These can include reducedblood flow because of strokeorpartialblockagesofsmall-er bloodvessels in thebrain.

Inmanycases,bothcaus-es are at work, Edmondssaid. So restoring properblood circulation could helppeople who have or are de-veloping Alzheimer’s dis-ease.

Growing tollAlzheimer’s is the sixth-

leading cause of death in theUnited States, killing 93,541people in 2014, according totheCenters forDiseaseCon-trol andPrevention.

In California, the diseaseis the fifth-leading cause ofdeath.

And inSanDiegoCounty,it’s No. 3, according to theAlzheimer’s Project, an ini-tiative established by thecounty in 2014 to combat thedisease. More than 62,000San Diegans are living withAlzheimer’s orotherdemen-tias.

While the statistics aregrim enough now, the num-ber of Americans with Alz-heimer’s isexpectedtoclimbsharply in coming decades ifpresent trendscontinue.

About 4.7 million peopleage 65 or older were livingwith Alzheimer’s in 2010, ac-cording toa 2013 study in thejournalNeurology.Theanal-ysis projected that by 2050,the population will expandto13.8million.

Alsoexpectedtogrowwillbe the related financial bur-dens, alongwith the psycho-logical toll put on the pa-

tients and their familymem-bers.

Todetectpeopleatriskofdeveloping dementia,screenings that may takejust five minutes are thenorm. The more extensivetests last about half an hour,Edmondssaid.

Despite requiring a con-

siderably greater invest-ment of time, themore com-prehensive screenings havebeen around for years anddon’t require expensive newtechnology, shesaid.

One problem is that theinformation from thesemoreextensivetests isn’tbe-ing used to the fullest extentpossible.

“In large-scale research

studies of (mild cognitiveimpairment), participantsare often given these tests,but they’re not always takeninto account in the diagnos-is,” Edmonds said. “It’s real-ly rich, valuable informationthat’s often already thereand available, but has yet tobe consistently incorporat-

ed into thediagnosis.”

Follow the patientThe new study provides

valuable information to helpadvance research, said Dr.Michael Lobatz, a ScrippsHealth neurologist whotreatspatientswithmemorydisorders.

“When you have a diag-nosis that suggests youmaybeheading toaproblem, youhavetheopportunity forbet-ter decision-making, foryourself and for your family,”Lobatz said. “You get bettermedical care as a result. Thepaper indicates that by be-ing able to talk to these pa-tients about the fact thatthey do have mild cognitiveimpairment and that thereis a risk of going on to devel-oping more profound im-pairment such as Alzheim-er’s disease, that those pa-tients could participate incognitive therapy. And ifthey don’t know that, theydon’t get thatopportunity.”

Moreover, early interven-tion “is where the action is”for clinical trials and experi-mental therapies, headded.

Itwouldbeverydifficulttoroutinely use themore exten-

sive testingmethods in clini-calpractice,Lobatzsaid.

The more thoroughscreenings aren’t automati-callyneededaslongasphysi-cians keep a good watch ontheir patients, Lobatz said.If doctors have unresolvedquestions about a patient’scognitive abilities, thatwould be the right time forthe in-depth testing.

In addition, Lobatz said,the routine screenings canbe performed repeatedly —perhaps at six-month inter-vals. Since the age of onsetforAlzheimer’s symptoms isunpredictable, normalscreening results aren’t aguarantee the disease willneverdevelop.

“Ifyoucangettothediag-nosis, that’s great,” Lobatzsaid. “And if you can’t andthere’s still a chance youhavea falsenegative, you fol-low your patient. Becausethere was a certain percent-age in both groups — falsenegatives and the true nega-tives—thatwentontodevel-opAlzheimer’sdisease.”

bradley.fikes@sduniontribune.com(619) 293-2234Twitter: @sandiegoscience

SCREENING •More extensive tests take about half an hourFROM A1

“It’s really rich, valuableinformation that’s oftenalready there andavailable.”Emily Edmonds • UC San Diego researcher

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