Types of Chemical Reactions
• There are five basic types of chemical reactions:– Synthesis– Decomposition– Single Replacement– Double Replacement– Combustion
• Five Major Classes of Reactions
Synthesis Reactions
• Synthesis reactions happen when two or more substances combine to form one compound.
A + B AB
2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl
Al + P AlP
• Magnesium and oxygen• Magnesium and Oxygen (shorter)• Iron and Sulfur• Zinc and Iodine
Decomposition Reactions
• Decomposition Reactions happen when one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
• AB A + B
• CaF2 Ca + F2
• 2 Fe2O3 4 Fe + 3 O2
• Hydrogen Peroxide decomposition• Simple Elephant Toothpaste• Old foamy (Elephant Toothpaste!)• Sad Gummy Bear• Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate and Sug
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Single Replacement Reactions
• Single Replacement reactions happen when one element is replaced by another in a compound
• A + BC AC + B
• Zn + CuCl ZnCl + Cu
• MgO + Ca Mg + CaO
• Copper (II) Chloride and Aluminum AND Copper (II) Chloride and Magnesium
• Zinc and Hydrochloric acid• Exploding Egg
Double Replacement Reactions
• Double Replacement reactions happen when two elements in a reaction exchange places with each other.
• AB + CD AD + CB
• PbCl + KBr PbBr + KCl
• HCl+Ca(OH)2H(OH)+CaCl2
• Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide• Precipitation Reactions
Combustion Reactions
• Combustion Reactions involve the burning (O2) of a hydrocarbon to form carbon dioxide and water.
• CXHY + O2 CO2 + H2O
• 2C2H6+7O24CO2 + 6H2O
• 2CH4 + 4O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
• Combustion of Alcohols• Fire It Up Reactions • Methane Bubbles• Budapest Combustion (long)• Plasma Bottle with Ethyl Alcohol
Water Forming (Neutralization)
• Carbon Snake• Sugar and Sulfuric Acid
Things that Affect Reaction Rate
• Some chemical reactions happen very quickly (explosions) while others occur quite slowly (rusting).
• There are five factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction:– Increase the temperature– Increase the concentration– Increase the surface area– Increase the pressure– Add a catalyst
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