TSL641: CALLLecture 1 : Introduction
Introduction to CALL◦ Definition◦ CALL Applications/Materials◦ History of CALL◦ Disciplines Related to CALL◦ CAI
Generic CALL◦ Microsoft Words
Content
Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) was the expression agreed upon at the 1983 TESOL convention in a meeting of all interested participants.
This term is widely used to refer to the area of technology and second language teaching and learning despite the fact that revisions for the term are suggested regularly (Chapelle, 2001, p. 3).
What is CALL? Definition
Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) may also be defined as the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning (Levy, 1997, p.1).
What is CALL? Definition
Given the breadth of what may go on in computer-assisted language learning (CALL), a definition of CALL that accommodates its changing nature is any process in which a learner uses a computer and, as a result, improves his or her language (Beatty, 2003, p. 7).
What is CALL? Definition
CALL has come to encompass issues of materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories and modes of instruction.
What is CALL?
Materials for CALL can include those which are purpose-made for language learning and those which adapt existing computer-based materials, video and other materials (Beatty, 2003, pp. 7-8).
What is CALL?
CALL - Computer-assisted language learning, sometimes expanded as computer-aided language learning
CELL - Computer-enhanced language learning: suggests the computer's role is to make learning better
TELL - Technology-enhanced language learning: this accommodates more than just computers, often bringing in video and seeing the computer as just one part of a larger system. It is increasingly popular as a generic term
TALL - Technology-assisted language learning: variant of CALL and TELL CALI - Computer-assisted language instruction: with "instruction" in it,
it's more teaching oriented CBLT - Computer-based language training: views elements of language
learning as "training" and tends to use an approach with definable, measurable objectives
IT and ICT - Information Technology/Information and Communication Technologies are common acronyms outside of language teaching, particularly in Europe; sometimes this is presented as IT or ICT for LT (Language Teaching)
NBLT - Network-Based Language Teaching: focuses on computer-mediated communication and the web
Other Acronyms
Two distinct types of Applications or materials for CALL◦ Generic Software Application◦ CALL Software Application
CALL Applications/Materials
Generic Applications◦ Multi-purpose programs NOT designed for
language learning and teaching’◦ E.g. – MS Words, MS Power Point, MS Excel
Writing, quizzes, teaching◦ Computer-mediated-communication (CMC) E-mail,
weblog, chat, discussion group, SMS etc Writing, grammar, speaking, listening
◦ Web-Browser – using the World Wide Web for Language teaching and learning
◦ Authoring Package – Macromedia Flash, Director, ToolBook, Authorware (can be used for any subjects)
CALL Applications/Materials
Generic Adaptation of existing computer-based
materials, videos and others. Extremely useful in language teaching when
used in well-designed activities which seek to apply aspects of the functionality of the software to language learning situations. ◦ For example, the use of a word-processor to
encourage drafting, critical reflection and editing is an excellent use of generic software to further a number of language learning objectives.
CALL Applications/Materials
CALL Software Application◦ Programs designed specifically to promote
language learning◦ Designed to promote explicit or implied language
learning objectives and are usually based on the software authors' beliefs about the ways in which students learn languages.
CALL Applications/Materials
Offer support in the acquisition of knowledge about language and in the application of that knowledge both in discrete and in mixed skill activities.
Can be content-specific in that the teacher cannot change the linguistic content or the format of the activities which seek to teach that content. ◦ Multimedia software supplied on CD-ROM is
content-specific because it is impossible to make any changes to it
CALL Applications/Materials
CALL software applications can also be content-free in that the teacher can provide the content which the software then uses as data for the pre-programmed activities
Example:◦ Wida’s Authoring Suite :
http://www.wida.co.uk/frame.htm◦ Hot Potato
http://www.englishquizzes.prv.pl◦ WinCALIS
CALL Applications/Materials
CALL Applications-Authoring Software
CALL Applications- Authoring Software
CALL Applications-Authoring Sofware
CALL Applications-Authoring Software
CALL Applications-Authoring Software
There are many other easy-to-use authoring packages, for example:
JClic: A freeware application, formerly know simply as CLIC, developed by Francesc Busquets, for the development of multimedia activities for language learners. With JClic you can create different types of activities: puzzles, associations, crosswords, identification activities, exploration activities, open-ended answers, multiple choice, etc.
CALL Applications – Authoring Software
ContentGenerator: Flash-based tools for the generation of quizzes, games and other applications.
Hot Potatoes: This software was especially developed to create Web-based language exercises, including multiple choice, gap-filling, matching, jumbled sentences, crosswords and short text entry. It is used extensively on websites that provide interactive exercises and tests. Visit the Hot Potatoes website to find out more, download the software and see lots of examples: http://hotpot.uvic.ca. See Winke & MacGregor (2001) for a review of Hot Potatoes.
CALL Applications – Authoring Software
MaxAuthor, an authoring system used to create the Critical Language Series series of Web materials and CD-ROMs at the University of Arizona. It is available free of charge.
Quandary, a package from the Hot Potatoes team (see above). What is an Action Maze?
Quia: Includes lots of ready-made examples in foreign languages and a variety of other subjects - all submitted by keen registered users.
TaskMagic by mdlsoft.co.uk is another easy-to-use authoring package, ideally suited for creating exercises suitable for children of secondary school age. It includes a range of multiple-choice, gap-filling and matching exercises, including exercises containing audio stiumuli.
SpellMaster, a simple authoring package for creating vocabulary exercises. Vokabel: Vocabulary Training Exercises. Choose an exisiting quiz of create
your own. Crossword Puzzles:
◦ Instant Online Crossword Puzzle Maker at http://www.puzzle-maker.com/CW/ . ◦ Here's another one, called EclipseCrossword:
http://www.greeneclipsesoftware.com/eclipsecrossword/ .
CALL Applications – Authoring Software
1960s and 70s◦ Confined to universities with prestigious computer
science department◦ Only on big mainframe computers◦ The PLATO Project (1960, University of Illinois)
Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations
A drill & practice materials – more on vocabulary and grammar drill
◦ TICCIT project (1971, Brigham Young University) (Time-Shared, Interactive, Computer Controlled Information Television) Combined TV and computer
History of CALL
1980s◦ Microcomputer boom
Apple the most popular◦ Boom in CALL as well◦ CALL reached the masses ◦ The professional associations CALICO (1983) &
EUROCALL (1986) are established◦ Teachers were more involved in CALL design◦ Word-processing came into the picture◦ Hypercard & Storyboard
An authoring system was popular Text-production (non-linear) Reconstruct a text, word by word,
History of CALL
1990s◦ Advent of the Web, the Internet, the world wide
network of networks◦ Publically available in 1993◦ In Malaysia probably around 1996◦ Websites◦ Email◦ Discussion groups◦ Chats
History of CALL
2000s◦ Broadband becomes more widely available,
opening up new possibilities for delivering audio and video materials via the Web.
◦ Blogs and podcasts appear. ◦ You Tube etc◦ And many more technologies will appear◦ Thus, CALL will evolve, as technologies advances
History of CALL
Web 2.0 Refers to what is perceived as a second
generation of web development and web design. It is characterized as facilitating communication, information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design[1] and collaboration on the World Wide Web.
It has led to the development and evolution of web-based communities, hosted services, and web applications. Examples include social-networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups and folksonomies.
History of CALL
WEB 2.0
WEB 3.0 The predicted third generation of the
World Wide Web, usually conjectured to include semantic tagging of content.
Does not exist yet.
FUTURE OF CALL
Disciplines Related to CALL
Disciplines Related to CALL
Educational Technology
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning.
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Linguistics
Corpus Linguistics
Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction
Instructional Technology and
Design
Applied Linguistics
Computer-Assisted Assessment
The bigger term Traditional Term
Computers are used ‘to guide the user through a prescribed course of learning and testing.
The computer assumes the role of teacher, asking questions and assessing the user’s responses
It refers to the use of computer as a tool to facilitate and improve instruction.
All are approaches to present topics and test students’ understanding.
CAI – Computer Assisted Instruction
Drills and Practice◦ Exercises for practice
Tutorials◦ Learning points
Simulation◦ Real situations (e.g. flight simulations)
Problem Solving◦ Series of problems and questions to be solved
Instructional Games◦ Learning via games
Test◦ Online TOEFL etc.
All types of programs can be combined into one courseware or websites
Types of CAI - Programs
Drills & Practice
http://a4esl.org/q/h/mc001-ck.html
Drills and Practice
Tutorials
Simulations - http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/tesol98/prejsim.html
Simulations - http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/tesol98/prejsim.html
Problem-Solving - http://www.mrt.ac.lk/eltc/activ.html
Games- http://www.englishclub.com/esl-games/hangman.htm
Test – e.g. TOEFL
Thank YouPlease visit the blog for today’s lecture
notes
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