Luciano SerafiniLuciano SerafiniIRSTIRST
Towards a Distributed ReasoningTowards a Distributed Reasoningwithin Multiple Ontologieswithin Multiple Ontologies
2K* symposium2K* symposium
September 6-9, 2004September 6-9, 2004 Madonna di CampiglioMadonna di Campiglio
Andrei TamilinAndrei TamilinUniTNUniTN &
byby
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.22
Talk OutlineTalk Outline
Preamble: Ambitions and Realities of SW.Preamble: Ambitions and Realities of SW.
Motivation: Why and how to distribute?Motivation: Why and how to distribute?
Formal framework: DDL in a nutshellFormal framework: DDL in a nutshell
Reasoning in DDLReasoning in DDL
DRAGO – reason-able implementationDRAGO – reason-able implementation
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.33
Preamble: The distant 2001 …Preamble: The distant 2001 …
The Semantic WebThe Semantic Web. . By Tim Berners-Lee, By Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora LassilaJames Hendler and Ora Lassila..
A new form of Web content that is meaningful to A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilitiespossibilities..
Original driver: AutomationOriginal driver: Automation Means: “Machine-friendly” web metadataMeans: “Machine-friendly” web metadata
Goal: Application interoperabilityGoal: Application interoperability Means: OntologyMeans: Ontology
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.44
Preamble: Three years later …Preamble: Three years later …
SW equipment:SW equipment: Languages: RDF, RDFS, DAML, OIL, DAML-Languages: RDF, RDFS, DAML, OIL, DAML-
OIL, OWLOIL, OWL Theory: Theory: DDescription escription LLogics (DL)ogics (DL) Reasoning support: FaCT, Racer, Pellet, etc.Reasoning support: FaCT, Racer, Pellet, etc. Management: plenty of tools …Management: plenty of tools …
It’s time to make the SW a reality:It’s time to make the SW a reality: 2004-2006, 2004-2006, KnowledgeWeb KnowledgeWeb projectproject
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.55
Preamble: The realitiesPreamble: The realitiesOntology proliferation:Ontology proliferation: Galaxy of ontologiesGalaxy of ontologies
Galaxy distinguishingGalaxy distinguishing
features:features: MultiplicityMultiplicity HeterogeneityHeterogeneity
Making ontologies interoperate:Making ontologies interoperate: Means: Semantic mappingsMeans: Semantic mappings Enough?Enough? NoNo Reasoning support is required!Reasoning support is required!
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.66
Preamble: The realitiesPreamble: The realities
Cosmopolitism of current Cosmopolitism of current
reasoning methodology:reasoning methodology: Global ontologyGlobal ontology Reason in global Reason in global
ontologyontology
Arising questions:Arising questions: Scalability? Scalability? Reasoning specificity?Reasoning specificity? Privacy? Autonomy?Privacy? Autonomy?
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.77
Alternative approach:Alternative approach: Local reasoningLocal reasoning Suitable combinationSuitable combination
Requirements:Requirements: Formal frameworkFormal framework Reasoning algorithmReasoning algorithm The reason-able The reason-able
system implementationsystem implementation
Motivation: Towards a distributionMotivation: Towards a distribution
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.88
Formal framework: DDL in a nutshellFormal framework: DDL in a nutshell
DDistributed istributed DDescription escription LLogics (DDL)ogics (DDL) Captures the case of multiple ontologies Captures the case of multiple ontologies
pairwise linked by semantic mappingspairwise linked by semantic mappings
Ontologies:Ontologies: DL knowledge basesDL knowledge bases
(T-box and A-box)(T-box and A-box)
Mappings:Mappings: Bridge rulesBridge rules
(M-box)(M-box)
T-box A-box
T-boxA-box
T-boxA-box
T-boxA-box
M-box
M-boxM-box
M-box
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.99
Reasoning in DDLReasoning in DDL
Similarly to DL:Similarly to DL: Core reasoning task in DDL –Core reasoning task in DDL –
concept subsumptionconcept subsumption
Difference from DL:Difference from DL: Scope – Galaxy Scope – Galaxy Mappings matterMappings matter
Subsumption in DDL – Subsumption in DDL –
a global subsumptiona global subsumption
CDEarth
BA
CD
Galaxy Neptune: AB
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.1010
Distributed reasoning algorithmDistributed reasoning algorithm
Local Tableau
Propagation
Propagation
Local Tableau
Local Tableau
Propagation
Local Tableau
PropagationLocal
Tableau
PropagationCycle is detected
Reasoning is finished
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.1111DRAGO Manager 3
DRAGODRAGODDistributed istributed RReasoning easoning AArchitecture for rchitecture for GGalaxy of alaxy of OOntologiesntologies
DRAGO Manager 1DRAGO Manager 2
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.1212
Grazie
Dziakuj
<owl:Class rdf:ID="Polite_Drago"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty> <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“tells_after_presentation"/> </owl:onProperty> <owl:someValuesFrom> <owl:Class> <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection"> <owl:Class rdf:about=“&Luciano;#Grazie"/> <owl:Class rdf:about=“&Andrei;#Dziakuj"/> </owl:unionOf> </owl:Class> </owl:someValuesFrom> </owl:Restriction>
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.1313
Questions?Questions?
2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning2K* - 2004: Towards a Distributed Reasoning - p. - p.1414
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
We thank We thank Kevin Palivec Kevin Palivec for the beautiful for the beautiful picture of DRAGOpicture of DRAGO11 he painted. We promise he painted. We promise that it will be used by us for the research that it will be used by us for the research purposes only.purposes only.
1 http://lair2000.net/Dragon_Pictures/Dragon_Pictures.html
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