CEPT University
C o n s i d e r a t i o n s
f o r
Toi le t & Sept ic tank
C o n s t r u c t i o n
Toilet construction Where to place a toilet Size of toilet Materials for toilet construction Other design aspects of toilet construction Superstructure
Septic tank construction Where to place a septic tank Size of septic tank Materials for septic tank construction Other design aspects of septic tank construction
Base of septic tank Inlet and out levels Provision of ventilation pipe
Standard design of toilet and septic tank Other technology options
Structure of presentation
Toilet Construction . . .
Where to place a toilet . . .
At least one wall open to fresh air
Not less than 0.3 m
0.3 m2
Window / ventilator
Should not open into kitchen
. …
Room
Room
Room
Room
Room
Siurce: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Minimum Size of toilet. . .
1 m
1.2 m
2.1 m 2.1 m
1.80 m2
0.9 m
1.2 m
2.1 m
Toilet Bathroom Combined
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
1 m
What Material to use . . .
1 m
SmoothImperviousWatertight
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Proper toilet design. . .
Floor sloped towards drain
Water seal
Do not slope floor into adjoining room
Problems without water seal
Source: CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems Part A Engineering
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Superstructure…
Super structure design. . .
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Brick, mortar with RCC roof and tin door
Ferrocementbrick
Concrete brick Plastic pre-fabricated
Corrugated sheet
Bamboo Thatched
Septic tank Construction. . .
Where to place septic tank . . .
Away from building Do not seal from top and place under building
If space is restricted, build
Do not build toilet toilet over tank such that
over it all chambers are accessible
Septic tank and Soak pits away from water table
Min 12 m
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Minimum size of septic tank. . .
Do not build oversized septic tank
Size should be according to Nagarpalikarules
Preferably build 2 chambered tank with partition at 2/3 of length
Chamber Chamber
1 2
2/3 1/3
Chamber Chamber
1 275 cm min
2- 4 times width
1 m min
Number of users
Length (m)Breadth
(m)
Liquid Depth *
Cleaning in 2 years
Cleaning in 3 years
5 1.5 0.75 1.3 1.35
10 2 0.9 1.3 1.7
15 2 0.9 1.6 2.3
20 2.3 1.1 1.6 2.1
50 5 2 1.3 1.54
100 7.5 2.65 1.3 1.54
150 10 3 1.3 1.54
200 12 3.3 1.3 1.54
300 15 4 1.3 1.54
* - Includes free board of 300 mm
75 mm
Source: CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems Part A Engineering Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Ideal materials for construction of septic tank. . .
Brick work In-situ cast
concrete cement
Stone Masonry Pre cast cement, asbestos, HDPE
Water tight
Do not use dug trench
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Care to be taken while constructing base of septic tank. . .
Concrete cement Smooth
Sloped
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Inlet and outlet levels. . .
Do not make inlet and outlet at scum or sludge level
Do not make inlet and outlet at same level
- It short circuits the flow and sludge does not settle
Do not make inlet and outlet pipes straight
Give baffles to prevent backflow of solids
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Provision of ventilation pipe . . .
20 m2 m
Provide tall ventilation pipe for gas buildup
- 2 m higher than all buildings in 20m radius
- Covered by mosquito netting
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Standard toilet & septic tank design. . .
Toilet and septic tank design . . .
सेप्टीक टाकीचे आकारमान: - सेप्टीक टाकीची ककमान रुं दी 0.75 मी. (2’5”) व टाकीची
लाुंबी ही रुं दीच्या 2 ते 4 पट असावी.
तपशील -- टाकी मधील पण्याची पातळी ककमान 1.0 मी. (3’3”)- पाण्याच्या पातळीवरील मोकळी जागा ककमान 0.3 मी. (1’0”)
2अ –
4अ
अ
जमिनीची पातळी
पण्याची पातळी
पण्याची पातळी
प्लॅन सेक्शन
कििान 0.15
(6”) िी.
जाडीची भिंत
बँफल
सेमप्िि
िािी
प्लॅनशौचालय
(6”)
3’(4
’)
कििान 0.15 िी. (6")
जाडीची भिंत
पत्रे
1:3:6 मसिेंि िॉंन्क्रीिचा थर
मिडिीचे क्षेत्रफळ 0.30 चौ.िी. (3.2 चौ. फूि)
आवश्यि व एिा बाजूचे िाप कििान 0.30 िी. (1’0”)
आवश्यिकििान 0.15 िी. (6”) जाडीची भिंत
व्हेंटिलेशन पाईप
(कििान 50 मििी. (2”) व्यास व कििान 2.0 िी. (6’6”) उंची)
फरशी िािाची लेवल
झािण
शोषिड्डा/बंद गिारीस
जोडणारा पाईप कििान 100
मििी. (4”) व्यासाचा पाईप
मसिेंि िॉन्क्रीिचा थर
दरवाजा:
कििान उंची 2.1 िी. (7’0”)
संडासचे िंांडे
जमिनीची पातळी
कििान 100 मििी. (4”)
व्यासाचा इनलेि पाईपसेमप्िि िािी
(4’)
(7’)
(1’)
3’3
”
पर्ाार् -1 शौचालर्ाखाली असणारी सेप्प्टक टाकी
सेक्शन
टिप: - सेमप्िि िािी िधील कििान एि चेंबर उघड्या जागवेर / िोणत्याही बाधंिािािाली नसाव.े सेमप्िि िािीची मनयमित स्वच्छता िरण्यािटरता
िािीला झािणासमहत दारे असावीत
- स्वततं्र शौचालयाचा कििान आिारिान 0.9 िी. (3’0”) X 1.2 िी. (4’0”)
कििान 0.15 िी.
(6”) जाडीची
भिंत
कििान 0.15 िी.
(6”) जाडीची भिंत
मिडिी
(एि बाजू कििान
0.30 िी. (1’0”)
शोषिड्डा/
बंद गािारास
जोडणारा
पाईप
प्लॅन
बँफल
सेमप्िि िािीशौचालय
(6”)
(4’)
(6”)
(3’)
पत्रे
1:3:6 मसिेंि िॉंन्क्रीिचा थर
मिडिीचे के्षत्रफळ 0.30 चौ.िी. (3.2 चौ. फूि)
कििान 0.15 िी. (6”) जाडीची भिंत
व्हेंटिलेशन पाईप(कििान 50 मििी. (2”) व्यास व कििान 2.0 िी. (6’6”) उंची)
फरशी िािाची लेवल
शोषिड्डा/बंद गिारीस
जोडणारा पाईप कििान
100 मििी. (4”) व्यासाचा
पाईप
मसिेंि िॉन्क्रीिचा थर
दरवाजा: कििान
उंची 2.1 िी.
(7’0”)
संडासचे िंांडे
जमिनीची पातळी
कििान 0.15 िी. (6”)
जाडीची िॉन्क्रीि स्लॅब
कििान 100 मििी. (4”)
व्यासाचा इनलेि पाईप
कििान 0.15 िी. (6”)
जाडीची भिंत
झािण
सेक्शन
आवश्यि व एिा बाजूचे िाप कििान
0.30 िी. (1’0”) आवश्यि
(4’) (7
’)
(1’)
3’3
”
पयााय -2 शौचालयापासनू िाही अंतरावर असणारी सेमप्िि िािी
टिप: - सेमप्िि िािी िधील कििान एि चेंबर उघड्या जागवेर / िोणत्याही बाधंिािािाली नसाव.े सेमप्िि िािीची मनयमित स्वच्छता िरण्यािटरता
िािीला झािणासमहत दारे असावीत
- स्वततं्र शौचालयाचा कििान आिारिान 0.9 िी. (3’0”) X 1.2 िी. (4’0”)
सेप्टीक टाकीचे आकारमान: - सेप्टीक टाकीची ककमान रुं दी 0.75 मी. (2’5”) व टाकीची लाुंबी
ही रुं दीच्या 2 ते 4 पट असावी.
तपशील -- टाकी मधील पण्याची पातळी ककमान 1.0 मी. (3’3”)- पाण्याच्या पातळीवरील मोकळी जागा ककमान 0.3 मी. (1’0”)
2अ –
4अ
अ
जमिनीची पातळी
पण्याची पातळी
पण्याची पातळी
प्लॅन सेक्शन
Other technology options…
Improved septic tank
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Mosquito net covered air vent
Filter media(usually stones and pebbles)
• Effluent clear and odour free• Upto 70% BOD removals• Microbial growth retained on the stone media -
higher loading possible with efficient• Digestion
Up-flowAnaerobic filter
(can also be separate unit)
Anaerobic Bio digestor with reed bed
Source: Development Control and Promotion for Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in Maharashtra
Bacteria digests sludge – bacteria needs to be introduced only once
Minimum sludge formation- no emptying required
Treated water passed through reed bed
Then treated water can be reused
Cheaper O&M
Can also digest detergent, phenyl
Air vent
? Any Questions
???
Thank you. . .
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