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DEFINITION
Infinitive is the baseform of the verb .
The infinitive of a
verb is its basic formwith or without theparticle to:
therefore, do and todo, be and to be,and so on areinfinitives
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Not everything that looks like a
preposition actually behaves likeone. For example, the word tofollowed by a verb phrase forms
an infinitive phrase. Theseinfinitive phrases, which we willexamine more closely in a later
chapter, are verb phrases, notprepositional phrases. We can seethis if we contrast infinitive to
with the preposition.
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EXAMPLE
My kids always want [to go] [toDisneyland]
In this sentence, the verb wanthastwo constituents that begin with to,but is followed by the verb go. There
are several ways in which the firstinstance ofto behaves verydifferently from the second.
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When an infinitive phrase introduces a
main clause, separate the two sentence
components with a comma. The pattern
looks like this:
infinitive phrase + , + main clause.
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Read this example:
To avoid burning another bag ofpopcorn, Brendan pressed his noseagainst the microwave door, sniffingsuspiciously with every breath.
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When an infinitive phrase breaks the flow
of a main clause, use a comma bothbefore and after the interrupter. The
pattern looks like this:
start of main clause + , + interrupter + , +
end of main clause.
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Here is an example:
Those basketball shoes, to beperfectly honest, do not complement
the suit you are planning to wear tothe interview.
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When an infinitive phrase concludes a
main clause, you need no punctuation to
connect the two sentence parts. The
pattern looks like this:
main Clause + + infinitive phrase
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Check out this example:
Janice and her friends went to themall to flirt with the cute guys whocongregate at the food court.
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OTHER FORMSThe infinitive can have the following
forms:
The perfect infinitive
to have + past participle
For example: to have broken, to have
seen, to have saved.
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For example:
I would like to have seen the TajMahal when I was in India.
He pretended to have seen thefilm.
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The continuous infinitive
to be + present participle
For example: to be swimming, to be
joking, to be waiting
Examples:
I'd really like to be swimming in a nicecool pool right now.
I happened to be waiting for the buswhen the accident happened.
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The perfect continuous infinitive
to have been + present participle
Examples: to have been crying, tohave been waiting, to have beenpainting
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Examples:
The woman seemed to have beencrying.
You must have been waiting for hours!
He pretended to have been painting allday
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The passive infinitive
to be + past participle
For example: to be given, to be shut, tobe opened
Examples:
I am expecting to be given a pay-rise nextmonth.
These doors should be shut.
This window ought to be opened.
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We use the to-infinitive...
to express inmediate purpose
to express long-term purpose, weuse "in order" + to-infinitive
for the negative, we use "so as not"
+ to-infinitive
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