Chapter 5 Tissues
Each tissue contains several different cell types that have differentiated (specialized) to perform a specific series of functions.
Histology4 primary tissue types 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. neural
Epithelium Forms a superficial covering or an internal
lining of a body cavity or vessel Cells form a barrier It is avascular Attached to an underlying basement
membrane Has a free surface Cells are in close contact with one another
Types of Epithelia Simple - Stratified - Pseudo-stratified - Squamous - Cuboidal - Columnar -
all pictures are from the University of Delaware all pictures are from the University of Delaware Histology webpageHistology webpage
1. Simple squamous
thin and flat, look like fried eggsthin and flat, look like fried eggs function - function - locations - locations -
2. Simple cuboidal
resemble little boxes. Nuclei in a neat row, close to the center of each cell
function - location -
3. Simple columnar
tall and slender, nuclei are crowded into narrow band close to the basement membrane
microvilli goblet cells function - location -
4. Pseudostratified columnar
nuclei are several rows deep instead of in a nuclei are several rows deep instead of in a neat line, but still only one row of cellsneat line, but still only one row of cells
ciliatedciliated goblet cellsgoblet cells function - function - location - location -
5. Stratified squamous
many layers, relatively thick keratinized keratinized – tough, dry dead outer layer (skin)– tough, dry dead outer layer (skin) nonkeratinizednonkeratinized – moist, live throughout, – moist, live throughout,
(everywhere else)(everywhere else) function - location -
6. Transitional
Shape of surface cells vary from squamous to cuboidal depending on the amount of distention (stretch) of the bladder
function - location -
Gland cells
Gland cells may exist as individuals or as part of a multi-cellular gland.
exocrine ducts
endocrine hormones
Methods of Secretion (exocrine)
merocrinemerocrine apocrineapocrine
holocrineholocrine
Tumors and Cancer
Tumor - Tumor - Benign - Benign - Malignant - Malignant - Cancer - Cancer - PathologistPathologist OncologistOncologist
Carcinogens Hereditary factorsHereditary factors Exposure to radiationExposure to radiation Exposure to certain electrolytesExposure to certain electrolytes Exposure to carcinogenic compoundsExposure to carcinogenic compounds Chronic sublethal tissue damageChronic sublethal tissue damage Viral infectionsViral infections AgeAge SexSex
Treatments
Kill the cancer cellsKill the cancer cells surgerysurgery radiationradiation heat heat freezingfreezing
Prevent new tumors from growingPrevent new tumors from growing chemotherapychemotherapy immunotherapyimmunotherapy
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