TissuTissueses
Four Types of Tissues
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
Epithelial Tissue• Epidermal membrane – Skin
• Serous membrane – linings of the internal cavities
(excluding: dorsal cavity and joint cavity)
• Mucous membrane – linings of digestive and respiratory
tracks
Epithelial TissueCharacteristics
1. Cells fit close together2. Membranes always have
one free surface3. Cells are attached to a
Basement membrane
Epithelial Tissue4. Avascular – nutrients diffuse from underlying connective tissue
5. Regeneration is easy if well nourished
Epithelial Tissue Types
1. Simple – single layer
Epithelial Tissue Types
2. Stratified -
Stacked
Epithelial Tissue Types
3. Glandular:– in glands used to excrete or secrete solutions
Simple Epithelial
Responsible for•Diffusion•Filtration•Secretion•Absorption
Simple Epithelial
1. SquamousFlatUsed in filtration
Rapid diffusion of gas into solution
Simple Epithelial
•Simple Squamous Epithelial
Simple Epithelial
2. Cuboidal
Simple Epithelial
3. Columnar–Column shaped
–Free surface may have microvilli
Simple Epithelial
•Simple Columnar Epithelial
Simple Epithelial
Simple Simple columnar columnar epithelialepithelial
Simple Epithelial
4.Pseudostratified–All cells attached to the basement membrane, may have cilia on the free surface
Stratified Epithelial
•Passive diffusion is possible
•Resistant to damage
Stratified Epithelial1. Stratified
Squamous– Skin– Oral cavity– Pharynx– Vocal chords– Esophagus– Vagina– Anus
Stratified Epithelial•Stratified
Squamous Epithelial
Stratified Epithelial
2. Transitional– All squamous
Example:Bladder – expands to hold up to 1 liter of fluid
Stratified Epithelial•Transitional
Glandular Epithelial
First type:Endocrine:
DuctlessProduction of hormones released directly into the blood or lymph system
Glandular Epithelial
Second type:Exocrine:
Retain their ductsRelease of material on an epithelia membrane
Ex. Sweat, oil, mammary
Tissue Types Epithelial Connective
Muscular Nervous
Connective Tissue•Most abundant and widely
spread
•Found in all parts of the body as a discrete structure or as a body organ
Connective Tissue
• Functions:Protect – bones and adipose
(insulate / pad)Support - bonesBind together – ligaments and
tendons
Connective Tissue• Characteristics
1. well vascularized(few exceptions – cartilage / ligament /
tendons)
2. composed of different types of cells
3. contains a matrix(non living material between cells)
Connective Tissue• Matrix:
1.Produced by the cells then extruded
2. Responsible for strength associated with the tissue
3. Consistency may range from liquid to semisolid to gel like to hard
Connective Tissue• Matrix
4. Range
Hemopoietic and adipose –mostly cells
Dense – bone and cartilage – mostly matrix
Connective Tissue• Matrix
5. Matrix fibers
Collagenic (white) fibers
Elastic (yellow) fibers
Reticular (fine collagenic)
fibers
Connective Tissue
•Adipose connective tissue
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
•BloodBlood–ErythrocyteErythrocytes and one s and one Leukocyte Leukocyte (monocyte)(monocyte)
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
BoneBone
Connective Tissue
•Dense fibrousDense fibrous
Connective Tissue
•Hyaline Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage
Connective Tissue
Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscular
Nervous
MuscularMuscular
Tissue that has the ability to contract and relax to provide
movement through space.
MuscularMuscularTypes:
1.Skeletal – attached to the skeleton
multinucleated
striated
Voluntary
MuscularMuscular•Teased Skeletal MuscleTeased Skeletal Muscle
MuscularMuscular•Cardiac Muscle:
1. only found in the heart
2. Multinucleated
3. Striated
4. Intercalated disks at tight junctions
MuscularMuscular• Cardiac muscle / InvoluntaryInvoluntary
MuscularMuscular• Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle:
VisceralFound Inside the walls of hollow
organs and blood vessels.Unlike the other two types of
musclesNo striations & uninucleated
MuscularMuscular• Smooth muscle
Teased
MuscularMuscular
Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscular
Nervous
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue• Cells are called Neurons
• Cell structure is unique from all other cells in the body
• Cells migrate Used for the conduction of impulses
• Length varies from 1mm to 1 meter
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue
Typical neural Typical neural cellcell
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue
Lower brain Lower brain stemstem
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue
Cerebral Cerebral cortexcortex
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