TISSUE AND ORGANS2.1 - ORGANS IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
ORGAN LOCATION
ON THE HANDOUT PROVIDED IDENTIFY THE APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE THE LISTED ORGANS.
ORGANS
DEFINITION:
AN ORGANIZED GROUP OF TISSUES THAT PERFORMS A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
RECALL: WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES?
MUSCULAR
NERVOUS
CONNECTIVE
EPITHELIAL
ANIMAL ORGANS
THE LARGEST ORGAN
FUNCTIONS:
PROTECTS THE INNER CELLS FROM DAMAGE,
DEFENDS AGAINST DISEASE ORGANISMS,
INSULATES AND RELEASES HEAT
EXCRETES BODILY WASTES
SKIN
TWO DIFFERENT LAYERS OF TISSUES:
EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
1 epidermis
2 dermis3 hair follicle
4 fat
5 sweat gland6 sensory nerve
7 blood vessels
EPIDERMIS
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
STOPS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
PRODUCES VITAMIN D
DERMIS:
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
VESSELS, PORES, FAT
NERVOUS TISSUE
SENSES HEAT, TOUCH, PAIN
MUSCLE TISSUE
GOOSEBUMPS
INTRODUCTION
ORGAN LOCATION
ON THE HANDOUT PROVIDED IDENTIFY THE APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE THE LISTED ORGANS.
TWO PROCESSES:
BREATHING:
BRINGING AIR INTO THE BODY WITH THE LUNGS
GAS EXCHANGE
OXYGEN DIFFUSING INTO BLOOD; CARBON DIOXIDE MOVING TO THE LUNGS
LUNGS
BREATHING
DEMO: LUNG
GAS EXCHANGE
TISSUES:
CONNECTIVE AND EPITHELIAL TISSUE
1 nasal cavity
2 mouth3 epiglottis4 trachea5 bronchi
6 ribs7 muscle8 lungs9 diaphragm
10 esophagus11 bronchioles12 capillaries
13 alveoli14 pharynx
O2O2 O2
O2O2 O2
O2
O2
O2O2
O2
O2O2
O2
O2
O2[HIGH]
[LOW]
O2 O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
[HIGH]
[LOW]
.... AT THE CELL
Muscle
O2O2
Muscle
O2O2 O2 O2O2
O2
O2
O2
[HIGH]
[LOW]
O2
O2
Muscle
O2O2
O2O2
O2
O2
O2
O2O2
O2 Muscle
[HIGH]
[LOW]
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2CO2CO2
CO2
Muscle
[HIGH]
[LOW]
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
NOSE: AND MOUTH:
WARM THE AIR
PHARYNX:
MUSCULAR CONNECTION OF DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
EPIGLOTTIS:
BLOCKS WINDPIPE WHEN SWALLOWING
TRACHEA
WINDPIPE WITH CARTILAGINOUS RINGS
BRONCHUS AND BRONCHIOLES
SMALLER BRANCHES OF TRACHEA
ALVEOLI
150 MILLION IN EACH LUNG
ONE CELL THICK
CAPILLARIES
ONE CELL THICK
NOTE: THIS STRUCTURE ALLOW FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GASES:
OXYGEN INTO THE CAPILLARIES
CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE AVLEOLI
PLEURAL LINING
REDUCES FRICTION FOR BREATHING
HOMEWORK
PG. 63 QU #8, 11, 12
PLACE THE CARDS IN ORDER FROM:
AIR TO CAPILLARIES
PLACE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE WHERE YOU WOULD FIND THEM AT THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS
ACTIVITY HEART
4 CHAMBER MUSCULAR PUMP
300G; SIZE OF A FIST
TWO PORTIONS:
PULMONARY CIRCULATION - CO2 TO THE LUNGS
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION - O2 THROUGHOUT BODY
VALVES
STOP BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARDS
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
aortic arch
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
inferior vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
descending aorta
A) aortic semilunar valve
B) pulmonary semilunar value
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
HEART - THE PUMP
VESSELS
ARTERIES - TAKE BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART
CAPILLARIES - THE SITE OF GAS AND NUTRIENT EXCHANGE
VEINS - BRING BLOOD BACK TO HEART
BLOOD
RED BLOOD CELLS - CARRY OXYGEN
WHITE BLOOD CELLS - FIGHT INFECTION
PLATELETS - HELP CLOT THE BLOOD
VALVES
STOP BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARDS PLACE THE CARDS IN ORDER
VENA CAVA TO DESCENDING AORTA
ACTIVITY
mouthtongue
salivary glands
epiglottisesophagusliver
stomachpancreaslarge intestine
small intestine
appendixrectumanus
stomachliver
pancreasgall bladder
pharynx
DIGESTION
TISSUES
EPITHELIAL - LINES THE ORGANS
MUSCULAR - USED FOR MIXING FOOD
CONNECTIVE - HOLDS LAYER TOGETHER
MOUTH
OPENING FOR FOOD
SALIVARY GLANDS
CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND MOISTENS MOUTH
TONGUE
DIRECTS FOOD TO TEETH; TASTE BUDS
EPIGLOTTIS
BLOCKS FOOD GOING DOWN TRACHEA
ESOPHAGUS
TUBE TO STOMACH
PERISTALSIS - RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS TO MOVE FOOD
STOMACH
PHYSICAL DIGESTION; MIXES FOOD WITH DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
INTESTINES
SMALL - ABSORBS NUTRIENTS
LARGE - ABSORBS WATER
LIVER
CREATES BILE: MIXES FATS WITH WATER
GALL BLADDER
STORES BILE
PANCREAS
CREATES ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN FOOD
RECTUM AND ANUS
COLLECTS AND REMOVES SOLID WASTES
mouthtongue
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
esophagus
stomach
smallintestine
largeintestine
rectum
During Reading
Reread to Synthesize
Reread the subtopics aboutanimal organs. Think about howthese subtopics fit together andhow one organ connects toanother. Create a mind map of theorgans, using lines and arrows toshow which organs connect.Label the arrows with explanationsof the connections.
58 UNIT A Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Organs of DigestionWhen you eat, various organs assist with the digestive functions tobreak down the food (Figure 2.7). For example, your mouth takes infood and begins digestion. The mouth is lined with epithelial tissue.There are also glands, made of specialized epithelial cells, that secretemucus, saliva, and enzymes. The tongue is made of epithelial tissuesand glands, connective tissues, and muscle tissue. Once the food entersyour body, it travels from the mouth down a tube called the esophagus.The food moves along the esophagus because of the rhythmicconstriction and relaxation of the smooth muscles that line theesophagus. This movement is known as peristalsis. The esophagus islined with a protective layer of epithelial tissue. Further down thecanal, food enters the stomach, which is made of epithelial, connective,nervous, and muscle tissues (Figure 2.8). The stomach churns food andmixes it with digestive juices and enzymes. Finally, the digestednutrients and undigested waste products move into the small and largeintestines, which are areas of chemical digestion and removal ofwastes. Solid wastes are stored in the rectum and exit the body throughthe anus.
esophagusstomach
intestine
muscle tissue layers
folds of epithelial tissue
Figure 2.8 The stomach is made of smooth muscle andepithelial tissue as well as connective tissue and nervous tissue(not shown).
Figure 2.7 Organs of digestion
ist10_ch02.qxd 7/22/09 3:25 PM Page 58
mouthtongue
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
esophagus
stomach
smallintestine
largeintestine
rectum
During Reading
Reread to Synthesize
Reread the subtopics aboutanimal organs. Think about howthese subtopics fit together andhow one organ connects toanother. Create a mind map of theorgans, using lines and arrows toshow which organs connect.Label the arrows with explanationsof the connections.
58 UNIT A Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Organs of DigestionWhen you eat, various organs assist with the digestive functions tobreak down the food (Figure 2.7). For example, your mouth takes infood and begins digestion. The mouth is lined with epithelial tissue.There are also glands, made of specialized epithelial cells, that secretemucus, saliva, and enzymes. The tongue is made of epithelial tissuesand glands, connective tissues, and muscle tissue. Once the food entersyour body, it travels from the mouth down a tube called the esophagus.The food moves along the esophagus because of the rhythmicconstriction and relaxation of the smooth muscles that line theesophagus. This movement is known as peristalsis. The esophagus islined with a protective layer of epithelial tissue. Further down thecanal, food enters the stomach, which is made of epithelial, connective,nervous, and muscle tissues (Figure 2.8). The stomach churns food andmixes it with digestive juices and enzymes. Finally, the digestednutrients and undigested waste products move into the small and largeintestines, which are areas of chemical digestion and removal ofwastes. Solid wastes are stored in the rectum and exit the body throughthe anus.
esophagusstomach
intestine
muscle tissue layers
folds of epithelial tissue
Figure 2.8 The stomach is made of smooth muscle andepithelial tissue as well as connective tissue and nervous tissue(not shown).
Figure 2.7 Organs of digestion
ist10_ch02.qxd 7/22/09 3:25 PM Page 58
ACTIVITY
ARRANGE THE CARDS IN ORDER THAT A BITE FOOD WILL PASS BY OR THROUGH.
PLACE ACCESSORY ORGANS (EX. LIVER) AT THE APPROXIMATE PLACE THEY ARE INVOLVED.
HOMEWORK
PG. 63 #13
PLANT ORGANSROOTS, LEAF AND STEM
FUNCTION:
ANCHOR PLANT
ABSORB WATER
STORE FOOD
CONTAINS ALL FOUR TISSUES
ROOTS
EPIDERMAL
PROTECTS ROOT
GROUND
STORES GLUCOSE /STARCH
VASCULAR
XYLEM - TRANSPORTS WATER TO LEAVES
PHLOEM - DELIVERS GLUCOSE TO STORE IN ROOTS
MERISTEMATIC
GROWTH OF ROOT
LEAF
FUNCTION:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ACTIVITY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CARDS
GLUCOSE (STORED
CHEMICAL ENERGY)
CARBON DIOXIDE
LIGHT ENERGY
OXYGENWATER+ + +
GLUCOSECARBON DIOXIDE
ENERGY (HEAT,
KINETIC, SOUND)
OXYGEN WATER+ ++
CUTICLE UPPER EPIDERMIS
PALISADE MESOPHYLL
SPONGY MESOPHYLL
VEIN
PHLOEM
XYLEM
LOWER EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE GUARD CELL
STOMATA
cuticle
vascular tissue
epidermal tissue
mesophyll
xylem
phloem
epidermal tissue
stomate
guardcells
59An organ consists of groups of tissues and works with other organs to form organ systems.
Plant OrgansA flowering plant is made up of four types of plant tissues: epidermal,ground, vascular, and meristematic. These plant tissues group togetherto form organs that perform special functions for the plant. The organsin a plant are the roots, the leaves, the stem, and the flower or fruit(Figure 2.9).
The RootsThe roots anchor the plant in the soil, which permits the plant to growabove the soil without toppling over. Roots also collect water from thesurrounding soil and transport it to the stem, and store food that ismade in other parts of the plant. Different tissues in the root worktogether to accomplish these functions. The bottom of the root iscovered with protective epidermal tissue known as the root cap. Justbelow the epidermal tissue is a layer of meristematic tissue, whichallows the root to grow. There are also layers of ground tissue andvascular tissue that make up the centre of the root.
The LeafThe tissues in a leaf work together to accomplish photosynthesis, achemical reaction in which carbon dioxide and water are converted intosugar and oxygen. The vascular tissue carries water needed forphotosynthesis from the root up the stem to the leaf. The sugar producedis carried by the vascular tissues to the rest of the plant. Carbon dioxideenters, and oxygen and excess water exit through openings in the leafepidermal tissue called stomata. These openings are controlled by specialcells known as guard cells. Most of the leaf is made of a specializedground tissue called mesophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in themesophyll. Figure 2.10 shows the tissues in a leaf.
flower
leaf
root
stem
Figure 2.9 Groups of plant tissuesform organs that perform specializedfunctions in a plant.
Figure 2.10 A cross section ofa leaf showing the tissues
ist10_ch02.qxd 7/22/09 3:25 PM Page 59
STOMATA AND GUARD CELLS
VASCULAR TISSUE
XYLEM; - DELIVERS WATER
PHLOEM - TRANSPORTS SUGAR
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
STOMATA AND GUARD CELLS - ALLOWS CO2 IN AND O2 OUT
GROUND TISSUE
MESOPHYLL - SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
FUNCTION
TRANSPORTS WATER AND NUTRIENTS
SUPPORTS LEAVES AND FLOWERS
STEM
FLOWER
FUNCTION:
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Investigating Science 10 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Canada Inc. 79 The right to reproduce this page is restricted to the purchasing school.
Unit A — Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Unit Support
Line Master A-16
Name: ____________________________________
The Parts of a Flower
STAMENPISTIL
PETAL
LEAF
OVARY
TISSUES:
STAMEN �
PISTIL �
PG. 60 #2, 3
PG. 63 #14, 16, 17, 18
HOMEWORK
Top Related