thermal destruction thermal destruction of biomassof biomass
no extra energy required once ignition occursno extra energy required once ignition occursas long as feedstock & oxygen are availableas long as feedstock & oxygen are available
thermal characteristicsthermal characteristics
as temperature increases
weig
ht d
ecre
ase
s
waterwater
Formic AcidFormic AcidAcetic AcidAcetic Acid
COCOCHCH44
CombustiblesCombustibles
Flammable TarsFlammable TarsVolatilesVolatiles
CondensatesCondensates
Charcoal remainsCharcoal remains
low temperaturelow temperature high temperaturehigh temperature
HH22
Danny Day, EPRIDADanny Day, EPRIDA
(less than 500 degrees C)preserves microporespreserves micropores
increases char productionincreases char production
ResinsResins
How to Make BiocharHow to Make BiocharPyrolysisPyrolysis
exothermic exothermic above above 250250°°CCan excess of energy is releasedan excess of energy is released
energy produced is self-sustainingenergy produced is self-sustaining
(gasification)(gasification)
(800 - 1000 degrees C)degrades microporesdegrades micropores
increases biofuel productionincreases biofuel production
SyngasSyngas
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BEST EnergiesBEST Energies, Australia, Australiawww.bestenergies.com www.bestenergies.com
continuous feedcontinuous feedElectric Power PlantElectric Power Plant
modern modern pyrolysispyrolysis has little in common has little in commonwith traditional ways to make charcoalwith traditional ways to make charcoal
2007 2007 Environmental Business Environmental Business of theof the Year Year
Australia Australia
USA officeUSA officeMadison, WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin
industrial scaleindustrial scaleHow to Make BiocharHow to Make Biochar
DRYEDRYERR
PYROLYSIPYROLYSISS
GASIFIERGASIFIER
BIOCHAR
BIOCHAR
GASGASCLEANERCLEANER
GASGASGENERATOGENERATO
RR
GASGASCLEANERCLEANER
ELECTRICELECTRICPOWERPOWER
BIO
MA
SS
BIO
MA
SS
HH22 + CO + CO
EX
HA
US
TE
XH
AU
ST
SY
NG
AS
SY
NG
AS
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ABRI, Ontario, CanadaABRI, Ontario, Canadaindustrial scaleindustrial scale
How to Make BiocharHow to Make BiocharPronatura PlusPronatura Plus, South Africa, South Africa
continuous feed charcoalcontinuous feed charcoal
Continuous pyrolysis of farm residues into green charperforms like charcoal from wood, at half the cost.
Machinery is modest, requires minimal energy(8kw electric), with no toxic emissions.
Run by two persons, produces 4 tons a day.
• 50 dry tons / day50 dry tons / day
• Modular constructionModular construction
• TransportableTransportable
• Designed for wood wastesDesigned for wood wastes
• Produces bio-oil, charcoal, heatProduces bio-oil, charcoal, heat
modern modern pyrolysispyrolysis has little in common has little in commonwith traditional ways to make charcoalwith traditional ways to make charcoal
• 1 dry ton / day• Towed on trailer to biomass• Simple, Fully Automated• Broad range of applications• Processes agricultural wastes• Produces bio-oil, charcoal, heat
Shivam EnterprisesShivam EnterprisesWest Bengal, IndiaWest Bengal, India
2 Chamber Conversion ReactorMSW is fed by “charging unit” into upper chamber where it is gasified.
Gases leave reactor through outlet and combusted in burn chamber.
MSW falls into lower chamber where it forms char & combustible gas.
Gas is burned with air entering through slits.
Charcoal is discharged at the bottom.
Rice Hull PyrolyzerRice Hull PyrolyzerIndiaIndia
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How to Make BiocharHow to Make Biochar
Batch Bamboo Biochar & VinegarBatch Bamboo Biochar & Vinegar Hangzou, ChinaHangzou, China
industrial scaleindustrial scale
vinegarvinegarcondensercondenser
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backyard biochar & wood vinegarbackyard biochar & wood vinegarHow to Make BiocharHow to Make Biochar
Larry Williams, OregonLarry Williams, Oregon
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