Theories of GenderTechnological MasterySocio-Economic PowerTEAM IMPULSE
Who is Team Impulse Kunj Bhatt Joanna Garcia Kelly Kermode Marques Dickson Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
Takeover TheoryKunj Bhatt
“This pattern of women’s inventing a technology and developing it to a satisfactory level for the family-or even village-scale economy, only to lose out in that activity as it becomes commercialized and professionalized […]” (29).
Kunj Bhatt
Reasons for Takeover throughout History
Religion Division of
Labor/Production The Little Red Hen
Kunj Bhatt
Takeover and Agriculture (Recap)
“Birth ExplosionChange from
female-centered to male-centered religion
The professionalization of the cultivative role” (29).
Kunj Bhatt
What is the Matriarchy Perplex?
The Matriarchy Perplex raises the question of whether women were ever “in charge” of their own work, if not an entire society.
Three events shift egalitarian relations to male advantage
Projectile Hunting Men learned the male role
in human procreation Surplus
Joanna Garcia
Peggy Sanday’s Theory Women’s power and status relations are best
when the economic contribution of both is approximately equal or contributions are felt to be equal even if they are not.
Joanna Garcia
Inventive Capacity, Motive, and Achievement
Inventive ability is probably independent of biological gender.
If inventive ability correlates with any other human trait it is not gender but artistic talent and set-breaking thinking.
Three things not equal for the two sexes that may inhibit inventive capacity
Assuming that women invent wherever they work some early inventions by women may include food preserving, food processing, weaving, knives, scrapers…etc.
Joanna Garcia
Karl Marx: Class Conflict Theory
Bourgeoisie Proletariat
Own the means of production factory business land natural resources
Working class selling labor In need of resources
which creates conflict with bourgeoisie.
Classes divided between
Kelly Kermode
Feminist and Class Conflict Theory
The root of Class Conflict: control over the
resources The root of Feminist
Theory patriarchal system that
holds control over women by devaluing them in society
Rosemary Tong Rosemary Tong describes feminism describes feminism like this: “Feminist like this: “Feminist Theory is not one, but Theory is not one, but many theories or many theories or perspectives and each perspectives and each theory attempts to theory attempts to describe Women's describe Women's oppression, and to oppression, and to prescribe strategies for prescribe strategies for Women's liberation.”Women's liberation.”
Kelly Kermode
Marxist theories Conflict based on social classsocial class, created
by the tension between the proletariatproletariat and the bourgeoisiebourgeoisie
Replace the words Social class with patriarchal system Bourgeoisie with men proletariat with women
Kelly Kermode
Gender Socialization
Marques Dickson
Gender SocializationBinarisim is a western belief
Two socially constructed genders. Male or Female
Kate Bornstein, says biological sex “classifies a person through
body type hormones genitals Gender Identity
refers to the sense of being either male or female.
Consider the following questions: Do you feel like a woman/man? How did you know what a woman/man would feel
like?
Marques Dickson
Given what we know how would we attribute a gender to “Jack” Halberstam?
Marques Dickson
Gender expectations and education There are more
women teachers in K-8th
Women primarily teach dance, music, art and home economics
Women are usually the counselors, secretaries, “lunch-ladies”
More male teachers in the areas of higher education
Men teach PE, science, biology and Mathematics
Men in schools are usually the administrators
Marques Dickson
Is there a Double Standard ?
Men are socialized to be “tough guys”
Men with feminine qualities are repudiated
Men are judged on what they do.
Marques Dickson
Women on the other hand are expected by some to be seen and not heard
Women with feminine qualities
Women are judged on the way look and dress
Gender Expression: “Refers to the manifestation of an individuals fundamental sense of being masculine or feminine through clothing, behavior, grooming, etc.”(Bronstein)
Freedoms that Women Lack
explore the physical environment
engage in rough-and-tumble play
Free time to play in general
Marques Dickson
Freedoms that Women Lack cont. Our sex-role stereotypes seek to
confine creativity [for women] to: Art music, dance, writing, cooking ‘real’ invention and technology have
to do with weapons machines chemical compounds.
Marques Dickson
Why are women not thought of as inventors? Original U.S. patent law passed in 1790 Many women were reluctant to seek
patents Some items were never patented, instead
advertised Women inventions were legal property of
the husbands Confined to “women’s world” First U.S. Woman Patent- Mary Dixon Kies
1809
Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
When you think of typical women inventions you think… Disposable Diaper - Marion
Donovan Pouch-like infant carrier- Ann
Moore Brassiere- Mary Phelps Jacob Barbie Doll- Ruth Handler Cooking Stove- Elizabeth
Hawk Dishwasher- Josephine
Cochran Washing Machine- Margaret
Colvin Suspenders- Laura Cooney Zigzag Sewing Machine-
Helen Blanchard
Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
You normally would not consider a woman inventing… Fire escape- Anna Connelly Car Heater- Margaret Wilcox Dam and reservoir
construction- Harriet Strong Circular Saw- Tabitha Babbit Kevlar- Stephanie Kwoelk Glucose detection for
diabetes- Helen Free Process for isolating human
stem cells- Ann Tsukamoto, et al
Antifungal antibiotic (nystatin)- Rachel Fuller Brown & Elizabeth Lee Hazen
Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
Highlighting Rosalind Franklin July 1920-April 1958 Spent two years at
King’s College- DNA research
The Double Helix X-ray diffraction
photographs Wilkins, Crick &
Watson 1962 Nobel Prize for
Medicine or Physiology
Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
Bibliography Bornstein, Kate. Gender Outlaw: on Men,
Women, and the Rest of Us. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print.
Leon-Guerrero, A. (2008). Sociology and the Study of Social Problems. Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social Action (2nd ed., p. 15). Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press.
Schmaltzalleger, F. J. (2010). Criminology: A Brief Introduction (MyCrimeKit Series) (1 ed.). Alexandria, VA: Prentice Hall.
Wilchins, Riki Anne. Queer Theory, Gender Theory: an Instant Primer. Los Angeles, [Calif.: Alyson, 2004. Print.
POP QUIZ1. What is the difference between gender and sex? 2. What are the two events that shifted egalitarian
relations toward a male advantage? 3. What did Mary Dixon Kies receive her U.S. patent
for?4. What kind of work allowed men to “focus on and
deal with new problems”?5. Which social class in Marxist theory owns the
means of production? Who is the working class?
Top Related